Visa requirements for Austrian citizens
Visa requirements for Austrian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed by the authorities of foreign states on citizens of Austria. As of January 2024,[update]
As of 2024, Austrian citizens had visa-free, eTA [1] visa on arrival access to 191 countries and territories, ranking the Austrian passport 3rd in the world, according to the methodology of the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Visa requirements map
[edit]Visa requirements
[edit]Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Visa required[2] | ||
Albania | Visa not required[3] | 90 days |
|
Algeria | Visa required[4] | ||
Andorra | Visa not required[5] |
| |
Angola | Visa not required[6][7] | 30 days | |
Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required[8] | 6 months | |
Argentina | Visa not required[9] | 90 days | |
Armenia | Visa not required[10] | 180 days | |
Australia | eVisitor[11] | 90 days |
|
Azerbaijan | eVisa[12][13] | 30 days | |
Bahamas | Visa not required[14] | 3 months | |
Bahrain | eVisa / Visa on arrival[15] | 14 days | |
Bangladesh | Visa on arrival[16] | 30 days | |
Barbados | Visa not required[17] | 3 months | |
Belarus | Visa not required[18] | 30 days |
|
Belgium | Visa not required[19] |
| |
Belize | Visa not required[20] | ||
Benin | eVisa[21][22] | 30 days |
|
Bhutan | eVisa[23][24] | ||
Bolivia | Visa not required[25] | 90 days | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa not required[26] | 90 days |
|
Botswana | Visa not required[27] | 90 days | |
Brazil | Visa not required[28] | 90 days |
|
Brunei | Visa not required[29] | 90 days | |
Bulgaria | Visa not required[30] |
| |
Burkina Faso | eVisa / Visa on arrival[31][32] | 1 month | |
Burundi | Visa on arrival[33] | 1 month | |
Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[34][35] | 30 days |
|
Cameroon | eVisa[36][37] | ||
Canada | Visa not required[38] | 6 months | |
Cape Verde | Visa not required[41] | 30 days |
|
Central African Republic | Visa required[43] | ||
Chad | Visa required[44] | ||
Chile | Visa not required[45] | 90 days | |
China | Visa not required[46] | 15 days |
|
Colombia | Visa not required[50] | 90 days |
|
Comoros | Visa on arrival[51] | 45 days | |
Republic of the Congo | Visa required[52] | ||
Democratic Republic of the Congo | eVisa[53][54] | 7 days | |
Costa Rica | Visa not required[55] | 90 days | |
Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa[56][57] | ||
Croatia | Visa not required[58] |
| |
Cuba | Tourist card required[59] | 90 days |
|
Cyprus | Visa not required[60] |
| |
Czech Republic | Visa not required[61] |
| |
Denmark | Visa not required[62] |
| |
Djibouti | eVisa[63][64] | 90 days | |
Dominica | Visa not required[65] | 90 days |
|
Dominican Republic | Visa not required[66] | 90 days | |
Ecuador | Visa not required[67] | 90 days | |
Egypt | eVisa / Visa on arrival[68][69] | 30 days | |
El Salvador | Visa not required[70] | 3 months | |
Equatorial Guinea | eVisa[71][72] | ||
Eritrea | Visa required[73] | ||
Estonia | Visa not required[74] |
| |
Eswatini | Visa not required[75] | 30 days | |
Ethiopia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[76] | up to 90 days |
|
Fiji | Visa not required[79] | 4 months | |
Finland | Visa not required[80] |
| |
France | Visa not required[81] |
| |
Gabon | eVisa[82][83] | 90 days |
|
Gambia | Visa not required[84] | 90 days | |
Georgia | Visa not required[85] | 1 year |
|
Germany | Visa not required[86] |
| |
Ghana | Visa required[87] | ||
Greece | Visa not required[88] |
| |
Grenada | Visa not required[89] | 3 months | |
Guatemala | Visa not required[90] | 90 days | |
Guinea | eVisa[91][92] | 90 days | |
Guinea-Bissau | Visa on arrival[93] | 90 days | |
Guyana | Visa not required[94] | 90 days | |
Haiti | Visa not required[95] | 90 days | |
Honduras | Visa not required[96] | 3 months | |
Hungary | Visa not required[97] |
| |
Iceland | Visa not required[98] |
| |
India | eVisa[99] | 30 days |
|
Indonesia | e-VOA / Visa on arrival[102][103] | 30 days | |
Iran | eVisa[104][105] | 30 days |
|
Iraq | eVisa / Visa on arrival[107][108] | 60 days | |
Ireland | Visa not required[109] |
| |
Israel | Visa not required[110] | 3 months | |
Italy | Visa not required[111] |
| |
Jamaica | Visa not required[112][113] | 30 days | |
Japan | Visa not required[114] | 90 days |
|
Jordan | eVisa / Visa on arrival[115][116] | 30 days |
|
Kazakhstan | Visa not required[117] | 30 days | |
Kenya | Electronic Travel Authorization[118][119] | 3 months |
|
Kiribati | Visa not required[120] | 90 days |
|
North Korea | Visa required[121] | ||
South Korea | Electronical Travel Authorization[122] | 90 days |
|
Kuwait | eVisa / Visa on arrival[124][125] | 3 months | |
Kyrgyzstan | Visa not required[126] | 60 days |
|
Laos | Visa not required[127] | 15 days |
|
Latvia | Visa not required[131] |
| |
Lebanon | Free visa on arrival[132] | 1 month |
|
Lesotho | Visa not required[133] | 14 days |
|
Liberia | Visa required[135] | ||
Libya | eVisa[136][137] | ||
Liechtenstein | Visa not required[138] |
| |
Lithuania | Visa not required[139] |
| |
Luxembourg | Visa not required[140] |
| |
Madagascar | Visa on arrival[141] | 60 days | |
Malawi | eVisa / Visa on arrival[142][143] | 90 days | |
Malaysia | Visa not required[144] | 3 months | |
Maldives | Free visa on arrival[145] | 30 days | |
Mali | Visa required[146] | ||
Malta | Visa not required[147] |
| |
Marshall Islands | Visa not required[148] | 90 days |
|
Mauritania | Visa on arrival[149] |
| |
Mauritius | Visa not required[150] | 180 days |
|
Mexico | Visa not required[151] | 180 days | |
Micronesia | Visa not required[152] | 90 days |
|
Moldova | Visa not required[153] | 90 days |
|
Monaco | Visa not required[154] |
| |
Mongolia | Visa not required[155] | 30 days |
|
Montenegro | Visa not required[156] | 90 days |
|
Morocco | Visa not required[157] | 90 days | |
Mozambique | eVisa / Visa on arrival[158][159] | 30 days | |
Myanmar | eVisa / Visa on arrival[160][161] | 28 days |
|
Namibia | Visa not required[163] | 3 months |
|
Nauru | Visa required[164] | ||
Nepal | Online Visa / Visa on arrival[165][166] | 90 days | |
Netherlands | Visa not required[167] |
| |
New Zealand | Electronic Travel Authority[168] | 3 months |
|
Nicaragua | Visa not required[171] | 90 days | |
Niger | Visa required[172] | ||
Nigeria | eVisa[173][174] | 90 days | |
North Macedonia | Visa not required[175] | 90 days |
|
Norway | Visa not required[176] |
| |
Oman | Visa not required / eVisa[177][178] | 14 days / 30 days | |
Pakistan | eVisa[179] | 90 days | |
Palau | Visa not required[180] | 90 days |
|
Panama | Visa not required[181] | 90 days | |
Papua New Guinea | eVisa[182][183] | 60 days |
|
Paraguay | Visa not required[184] | 90 days | |
Peru | Visa not required[185] | 90 days |
|
Philippines | Visa not required[187] | 30 days | |
Poland | Visa not required[188] |
| |
Portugal | Visa not required[189] |
| |
Qatar | Visa not required[190] | 90 days | |
Romania | Visa not required[191] |
| |
Russia | eVisa[192][193] | 16 days | |
Rwanda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[194] | 30 days | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required[195] | 3 months | |
Saint Lucia | Visa not required[196] | 90 days |
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required[197] | 90 days |
|
Samoa | Visa not required[198] | 90 days |
|
San Marino | Visa not required[199] |
| |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Visa not required[200] | 15 days | |
Saudi Arabia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[201][202] | 90 days | |
Senegal | Visa not required[203] | 90 days | |
Serbia | Visa not required[204] | 90 days |
|
Seychelles | Visa not required[205][206][207] | 3 months | |
Sierra Leone | eVisa / Visa on arrival[208][209] | 3 months / 30 days | |
Singapore | Visa not required[210] | 90 days | |
Slovakia | Visa not required[211] |
| |
Slovenia | Visa not required[212] |
| |
Solomon Islands | Visa not required[213] | 90 days |
|
Somalia | Visa on arrival[214] |
| |
South Africa | Visa not required[215] | 90 days | |
South Sudan | eVisa[216][217] |
| |
Spain | Visa not required[218] |
| |
Sri Lanka | eVisa / Visa on arrival[219][220] | 60 days / 30 days |
|
Sudan | Visa required[222] | ||
Suriname | Visa not required[223][224] | 90 days | |
Sweden | Visa not required[227] |
| |
Switzerland | Visa not required[228] |
| |
Syria | eVisa[229] | ||
Tajikistan | Visa not required[230] | 30 days | |
Tanzania | eVisa / Visa on arrival[231][232] | 90 days | |
Thailand | Visa not required[233] | 60 days | |
Timor-Leste | Visa not required[234] | 90 days |
|
Togo | eVisa[235][236] | 15 days | |
Tonga | Visa not required[237][238] | 90 days |
|
Trinidad and Tobago | Visa not required[239] | 90 days |
|
Tunisia | Visa not required[240] | 3 months | |
Turkey | Visa not required[242] | 90 days |
|
Turkmenistan | Visa required[243] | ||
Tuvalu | Visa not required[244] | 90 days |
|
Uganda | eVisa[245][246] | 3 months | |
Ukraine | Visa not required[247] | 90 days |
|
United Arab Emirates | Visa not required[248] | 90 days | |
United Kingdom | Visa not required[251] | 6 months | |
United States | Visa Waiver Program[252][253] | 90 days |
|
Uruguay | Visa not required[256] | 90 days | |
Uzbekistan | Visa not required[257] | 30 days | |
Vanuatu | Visa not required[258] | 90 days |
|
Vatican City | Visa not required[259] |
| |
Venezuela | Visa not required[260] | 90 days | |
Vietnam | eVisa[261][262] | 90 days |
|
Yemen | Visa required[263] | ||
Zambia | Visa not required[264] | 90 days |
|
Zimbabwe | Visa on arrival[265] | 30 days |
Territories and disputed areas
[edit]Visa requirements for Austrian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|---|
Europe | |||
Abkhazia | Visa required[266] | ||
Mount Athos | Special permit required | 4 days | Special permit required (EUR 25 for Orthodox visitors, EUR 35 for non-Orthodox visitors, EUR 18 for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[267][268] |
Brest and Grodno | Visa not required | Visa-free for 10 days[269] | |
Crimea | eVisa[192] | 16 days | Visa issued by Russia is required.[270] |
Northern Cyprus | Visa not required | 3 months[271] |
|
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus | Access Permit required[272] | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. | |
Faroe Islands | Visa not required | 90 days |
|
Gibraltar | Visa not required[108] |
|
|
Guernsey | Visa not required[273] |
|
|
Jersey | Visa not required[274] |
|
|
Isle of Man | Visa not required[275] |
|
|
Jan Mayen | Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[276] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[277] | |
Kosovo | Visa not required[278] | 90 days[279] |
|
Russia | Special authorization required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[280] | |
South Ossetia | Russian multiple entry visa required | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[281][282] | |
Transnistria | Visa not required | 24 hours | Registration required after 24h.[283][284] |
Africa | |||
British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required | Special permit required.[285] | |
Eritrea outside Asmara | Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[286] | |
Canary Islands | Visa not required |
| |
Ceuta | Visa not required |
| |
Melilla | Visa not required |
| |
Madeira | Visa not required |
| |
Mayotte | Visa not required |
| |
Réunion | Visa not required |
| |
Ascension Island | eVisa[287][288] | 3 months within any year period. | |
Saint Helena | Visitor's Pass on arrival | Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[289] | |
Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[290] | |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Visa not required | 90 days | Same visa regime as Morocco. |
Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 USD, payable on arrival.[291][292] | |
Sudan | Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. | |
Darfur | Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required.[293] | |
Asia | |||
Hainan | Visa not required | 30 days | Individual tourists need to select a tour agency and inform them their schedule.[294][295] |
Hong Kong | Visa not required[296] | 90 days | |
India PAP/RAP | PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[297][298][299][300][301][302] | |
Iraqi Kurdistan | eVisa[303] | 30 days | |
Kazakhstan | Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[304] | |
Kish Island | Visa not required | Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[305] | |
Macao | Visa not required[306] | 90 days | |
Sabah and Sarawak | Visa not required | These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[307] | |
North Korea outside Pyongyang | Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) | |
Palestine | Visa not required[308] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[309] | |
Taiwan | Visa not required[310] | 90 days | |
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province | OVIR permit required | OVIR permit required, can be obtained with e-visa application for an additional $20. Locally it may be obtained for 15+5 Tajikistani Somoni. Another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[311][312][313] | |
Tibet Autonomous Region | TTP required | Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[314][315][316] | |
Turkmenistan | Special permit required | A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[317] | |
Korean Demilitarized Zone | Restricted zone | ||
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar | Restricted zone | ||
Phú Quốc | Visa not required | 30 days[318] | |
Yemen | Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[319] | |
Caribbean and North Atlantic | |||
Azores | Visa not required |
| |
Anguilla | Visa not required[320] | 3 months | |
Aruba | Visa not required | 30 days, extendable to 180 days[321][322] | |
Bermuda | Visa not required[323] | Up to 6 months, decided on arrival. | |
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba | Visa not required | 3 months[324][325] | |
British Virgin Islands | Visa not required[326] | 30 days, extensions possible | |
Cayman Islands | Visa not required[327] | 6 months | |
Curacao | Visa not required[328] | 3 months | |
Greenland | Visa not required[62] | 90 days | |
Guadeloupe | Visa not required |
| |
Martinique | Visa not required |
| |
Montserrat | Visa not required | 6 months[329][330] | |
Puerto Rico | ESTA[332] | 90 days (same as for USA) | |
Saint Barthélemy | Visa not required |
| |
Saint Martin | Visa not required |
| |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa not required |
| |
San Andrés and Leticia | Tourist Card on arrival | Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[333] | |
Sint Maarten | Visa not required | 3 months[334][335] | |
Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa not required[336] | 90 days | |
U.S. Virgin Islands | ESTA[337] | 90 days | |
Oceania | |||
American Samoa | Electronic authorization[338] | 30 days | |
Ashmore and Cartier Islands | Special authorisation required | Special authorisation required.[339] | |
Clipperton Island | Special permit required | Special permit required.[340] | |
Cook Islands | Visa not required | 31 days[341] | |
Lau Province | Special permission required | Special permission required.[342] | |
Guam | ESTA[343] | 90 days | |
New Caledonia | Visa not required |
| |
Niue | Visa not required[344] | 30 days | |
Northern Mariana Islands | ESTA[343] | 90 days | |
Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days | Landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[345][346][347] |
French Polynesia | Visa not required |
| |
Tokelau | Entry permit required[348] | ||
United States Minor Outlying Islands | Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[349][350][351][352][353][354][355] | |
Wallis and Futuna | Visa not required |
| |
South America | |||
French Guiana | Visa not required |
| |
Galápagos | Online pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[356] | |
South Atlantic and Antarctica | |||
Falkland Islands | Visa not required[357] | 1 month | A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival.[358] |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[359][360] | |
Antarctica | Permit required | Special permits required for British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[361][362][363][364][365][366][367][368][369][370][371] |
Non-ordinary passports
[edit]Holders of various categories of official passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries - Azerbaijan (diplomatic or service passports), Egypt (diplomatic or service passports), Indonesia (diplomatic or service passports), Ivory Coast (diplomatic or service passports), Pakistan (diplomatic or service passports), Russia (diplomatic passports), Turkey (diplomatic, official, service or special passports).
Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.
Right to consular protection in non-EU countries
[edit]When in a non-EU country where there is no Austrian embassy, Austrian citizens as EU citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.
See also List of diplomatic missions of Austria.
Non-visa restrictions
[edit]
Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.
Blank passport pages
[edit]Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[372] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Vaccination
[edit]Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[373] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[374]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[375][376]
Passport validity length
[edit]Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[377][378] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[379]
Some countries, such as Japan,[380] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[381] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[382] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[383] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[384] Philippines,[385] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[386]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[387] and South Africa.
Criminal record
[edit]Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[388] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
[edit]The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[389]
Israeli stamps
[edit]Kuwait,[390] Lebanon,[391] Libya,[392] and Yemen[393] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Biometrics
[edit]Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[394]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[395][396] Argentina,[397] Brunei, Cambodia,[398] China,[399] Ethiopia,[400] Ghana, Guinea,[401] India, Japan,[402][403] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[404] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[405] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[406] Singapore, South Korea,[407] Taiwan, Thailand,[408] Uganda,[409] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[410][411][412] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[413]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[414] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[415][416]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Henley Passport Index 2024 July Global Ranking" (PDF). Henley & Partners.
- ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
- ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Tecnológica, I&IT-Investigação e Inovação. "DECRETO PRESIDENCIAL". Portal Oficial do Governo de Angola.
- ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
- ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
- ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
- ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
- ^ "Azerbaijan eVisa".
- ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
- ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
- ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
- ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
- ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
- ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
- ^ "Benin eVisa".
- ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
- ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
- ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
- ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
- ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
- ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
- ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (April 15, 2015). "Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA)". www.canada.ca.
- ^ Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (May 17, 2013). "Entry requirements by country or territory". www.canada.ca.
- ^ "Citizens of 32 European countries exempted from visas for Cape Verde from January 1". December 29, 2018.
- ^ "Cape Verde EASE".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "China extends visa exemption for 12 countries to promote exchanges: spokesperson". gov.cn. May 7, 2024. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
- ^ "国家移民管理局推出新政进一步便利外籍人员来华". nia.gov.cn. 2024-01-11.
- ^ "144小时过境免签政策解读". nia.gov.cn.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "CI eVisa".
- ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
- ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
- ^ a b Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Egypt eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Ethiopia visa on arrival". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
- ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Gabon eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Visa entry requirements (countries)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana. 14 November 2023.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ e-Visa
- ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Indonesia e-VOA".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Iran eVisa".
- ^ "Visa on Arrival". evisa.mfa.ir.
- ^ "Home Page @ eVisa Portal". evisa.iq.
- ^ a b International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Entry VISA Requirements | Passport, Immigration and Citizenship Agency". www.pica.gov.jm.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Jordan E-Services".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kenya eTA".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "K-ETA". Retrieved 2022-02-16.
- ^ "Welcome - K-ETA". www.k-eta.go.kr.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kuwait eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "The suspension of Visa extension during the implementation of The Order of The Mayor of Vientiane prefecture". 2021-09-19. Archived from the original on 2021-11-29.
- ^ a b "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
- ^ "Lao Visa Online | Lao eVisa Authorization Application". laoevisa.gov.la. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR – Consular Department. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
- ^ "Laos International Travel Information". travel.state.gov. U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Consular Affairs. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
- ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "visa lesotho tourism documents travel evisalesotho.com".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Libya eVisa".
- ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Malawi eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
- ^ "Myanmar to allow visa on arrival for tourists from five countries".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
- ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ a b "Paying the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
Many tourists, people on working holidays, and some students and workers coming to New Zealand must pay an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) of NZD 35.
- ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ "Nigeria Immigration Services".
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Oman eVisa".
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- ^ "Accès aux îles Eparses". www.taaf.fr. Archived from the original on 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
- ^ "Dna-IAA - la Antártida". Archived from the original on 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2014-08-01.
- ^ "Forms expeditioners must sign". www.antarctica.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2012-11-27. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Peter I Øy - Norwegian Polar Institute". Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
- ^ "Dronning Maud Land". Norwegian Polar Institute. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
- ^ "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade acts in the world to make New Zealanders safer and more prosperous | New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Mfat.govt.nz. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
- ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
- ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
- ^ "Fièvre jaune" (in French). September 2, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
- ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
- ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
- ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
- ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
- ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
- ^ Bahrain government website
- ^ "Passports and Visa | GoIsrael - the Official Website of Tourism to Israel".
- ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
- ^ Timatic
- ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ Government of Canada -- Overcome criminal convictions
- ^ "No entry for Modi into US: visa denied | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. Mar 18, 2005. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
- ^ Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine and Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
- ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
- ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
- ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
- ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
- ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
- ^ "Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements". Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
- ^ "Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise". Auswaertiges-amt.de.
- ^ "Visa". paf.gov.gn.
- ^ "Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move". Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World". Theage.com.au. 2007-10-26.
- ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
- ^ "Malaysia". CountryReports. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews". secureidnews.com. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online". peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
- ^ "National News Bureau of Thailand".
- ^ AfricaNews (2019-01-14). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
- ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
- ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
- ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
- ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
[edit]- ^ Custom procedure for 24-hour visa-free transit is required in principle, except in Beijing (both Capital and Daxing), Shanghai Pudong, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu Tianfu and Xi'an if no leaving of international transit areas.[48]
- ^
- ^
- ^
- Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
- Lantui - Baka (China)
- Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
- Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
- Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
- Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
- Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
- Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
- Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
- Phoudou (Thailand)
- Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
- Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
- Lalai (Vietnam)
- Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
- Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
- Savannakhet Airport
- ^
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Bokeo
- ^
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Khammouane
- Bokeo
- ^
- Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
- Khamsavath - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
- Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
- Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
- Boten - Bo han (China)