Portal:European Union

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The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of 4,233,255 km² (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation.

Containing 5.8% of the world population in 2020, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around US$16.6 trillion in 2022, constituting approximately one sixth of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all member states except Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index, according to the United Nations Development Programme, and as of 2025, every country except Romania is a democracy (either full or flawed), according to the Economist Democracy Index. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market; enact legislation in justice and home affairs; and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. Passport controls have been abolished for travel within the Schengen Area. The eurozone is a group composed of the 20 EU member states that have fully implemented the economic and monetary union and use the euro currency. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the union has developed a role in external relations and defence. It maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7 and the G20. Due to its global influence, the European Union has been described by some scholars as an emerging superpower.

In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The United Kingdom became the only member state to leave the EU, in 2020; ten countries are aspiring or negotiating to join it. (Full article...)

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The eurozone, officially euro area, refers to a currency union among the European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency. The Eurosystem, headed by the European Central Bank, is responsible for monetary policy within the Eurozone.

The Eurozone has 19 members, with a further six states and territories using it as their sole currency. It circulates widely beyond that, and has started to serve as a reserve currency. Based on official estimates of 2007 GDP, the Eurozone is the largest economy in the world.

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Castle of Zafra

Photograph credit: Diego Delso

The Castle of Zafra is a 12th-century castle located in the municipality of Campillo de Dueñas, in the Spanish province of Guadalajara. Built in the late 12th or early 13th century on a sandstone outcrop in the Sierra de Caldereros, it stands on the site of a former Visigothic and Moorish fortification that fell into Christian hands in 1129. It had considerable strategic importance as a virtually impregnable defensive work on the border between Christian- and Muslim-ruled territory. It was never conquered and was successfully defended against the king of Castile in the 13th century, but by the end of the 15th century, it had lost its military significance.

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Did you know?

...that Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City all mint their own euro coins, with their own national symbols on the back, despite not being EU members?

...that Slovenia joined the Euro on January 1, 2007?

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Helsinki is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is located in the southern part of Finland on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is 564,643 (31.10.2006). The Helsinki urban region contains the neighboring cities of Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen, which are together called the Capital Region. This area has a total population of approximately 997,291 citizens. The Greater Helsinki area contains several more neighboring cities and has a population of approximately 1,293,093, which means that one out of every four Finns lives in the Greater Helsinki area.

Helsinki is Finland's international gateway. The city is the country's nerve center for business, finance, fashion, medicine, entertainment, media, culture and intellectual discourse. There is a large and varied collection of museums, galleries and performance spaces. The city has Finland's largest foreign population in terms of real numbers and percentage of population. There are over 130 nationalities resident in Helsinki.

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General images

The following are images from various European Union-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The fertility rate in the EU was 1.46 in 2022 (Kindergarten in France). (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 2Donald Trump President of the United States (from History of the European Union)
Image 3A piece from the original manuscript. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 4Meeting in the Hall of Knights in The Hague, during the Congress of Europe (9 May 1948) (from History of the European Union)
Image 5Elaboration by sex (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 6The population density of the EU is 106 people per km². Note that the lights in the North Sea are from oil platforms. (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 7José Manuel Barroso President of the European Commission (2004–2014) (from History of the European Union)
Image 8Logo of the European Commission (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 9Signatories of the 2007 declaration in dark blue. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 10Konrad Adenauer, Walter Hallstein and Antonio Segni, signing the European customs union and Euratom in Rome in 1957 (from History of the European Union)
Image 11Political groups of the European Parliament in the Louise Weiss building after the election 2024:
  Group of the European People's Party (EPP)
  Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)
  Patriots for Europe (PfE)
  European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR)
  Renew Europe (Renew)
  The Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)
  The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (The Left)
  Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN)
  Non-Inscrits (NI)
  Vacant (1)
(from Politics of the European Union)
Image 12Ursula von der Leyen President of the European Commission
(since 1 December 2019) (from History of the European Union)
Image 13The flag of Europe, emblem of both the Council of Europe and the European Union. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 14Winston Churchill (right, during the Atlantic Conference), consistent advocate of continential European integration, later along with his son-in-law Duncan Sandys (from History of the European Union)
Image 15Logo of the European Court of Auditors (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 16Population pyramid of the EU 27 in 2023 (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 171922 European flag of the Paneuropean Union (from History of the European Union)
Image 18Logo of the Court of Justice of the European Union (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 19Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the European Union in 2019 (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 20Europa regina in Sebastian Münster's "Cosmographia", 1570 (from History of the European Union)
Image 21Coins and banknotes of the Euro, the single-currency introduced from 1999 (from History of the European Union)
Image 22After two devastating world wars, the political climate favoured an international unity that could preserve peace in Europe effectively (Hamburg, after a massive Allied bombing in 1943 in the picture). (from History of the European Union)
Image 23Flag of the Western Union (from History of the European Union)
Image 24Mario Draghi (from History of the European Union)
Image 25Boris Johnson Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022 (from History of the European Union)
Image 26Logo of the European Central Bank (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 27The Schuman Parade in Warsaw has been organised by the Schuman Foundation since 1999 (2008 photograph). (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 28Newest state in yellow (from History of the European Union)
Image 29Logo of the European Council and the Council of the European Union (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 30The European Coal and Steel Community's flag. (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 31Aristide Briand (from History of the European Union)
Image 32Percentage responding that their country on balance benefited from being a member of the EU at Eurobarometer 2023:

  91–100%

  81–90%

  71–80%

  61–70%

  51–60%

(from Politics of the European Union)
Image 33A cartogram depicting the population distribution between old EU-27 member states in 2008 (including the UK and excluding Croatia). 57.8% of all citizens of the EU live in the four largest member states: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. (from Demographics of the European Union)
Image 34The Frankish Empire at its greatest extent, ca. 814 AD (from History of the European Union)
Image 35Logo of the European Parliament (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 36Organigram of the political system. The seven organs of the Union are in blue, national / intergovernmental elements in orange. (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 37The ordinary legislative procedure of the European Union (from Politics of the European Union)
Image 38The Euro symbol shown as a sculpture outside the European Central Bank (from Symbols of the European Union)
Image 39Kaja Kallas, High Representative Vice President (from Politics of the European Union)