Visa requirements for Serbian citizens
Visa requirements for Serbian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Republic of Serbia.
As of 2024, Serbian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 140 countries and territories, ranking the Serbian passport 34th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.[1] Serbia is one of a handful of countries whose citizens may travel visa-free to the Schengen Area, China and Russia.
History
[edit]Until the 1990s, the Yugoslav passport has been described as highly sought-after commodity. As part of its non-aligned policies, the Yugoslav government signed numerous mutual agreements on visa-free entry from the mid-1960s.
Eventually this applied to most states of the world, promoting the Yugoslav passport to "one of the most convenient in the world, as it was one of the few with which a person could travel freely through both the East and West" during the Cold War.[2]
With the subsequent dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, the period of difficulties related to travel bureaucracy started for all successor states. From the 2000s onward, the situation has been significantly and constantly improving and Serbian passport was among the five passports with the most improved rating in the Henley Passport Index since 2006, adding 103 countries to its visa-free list.[3][4][5][6]
Recent
[edit]Serbia and Russia signed visa-free travel agreement in February 2009.[7] Serbia signed a visa-free agreement with Israel in September 2009.[8] The European Union Schengen area countries lifted visas for Serbian citizens in December 2009.[9] Serbia and Turkey mutually abolished visa regime in July 2010.[10] Serbia signed an agreement on the abolishment of visas with Kazakhstan in August 2010.[11] Serbia and Ukraine mutually abolished visas in May 2011.[12] Japan abolished visas for Serbian citizens in May 2011.[13] Serbia and Albania mutually abolished visas in July 2011.[14] In August 2013 agreement on visa-free travel with Brazil came into force.[15] In July 2014 agreement on visa-free travel with Mongolia came into force.[16] In August 2015 agreement on visa-free travel with Moldova came into force.[17] In April 2016 Indonesia abolished visas for Serbian citizens for a maximum stay of 30 days.[18] In January 2017, agreement on mutual visa free travel between China and Serbia entered into force.[19] In November 2017 Iran abolished visas for Serbian citizens but reversed its decision in October 2018.[20][21] Colombia abolished visas for Serbian citizens in February 2018.[22] Serbia and Kyrgyzstan mutually abolished visas on 8 November 2018.[23] Uzbekistan abolished visas for Serbian citizens on 21 January 2019. United Arab Emirates abolished visas for Serbian citizens on 6 May 2019.[24] Barbados abolished visas for Serbian citizens in May 2019. Suriname abolished visas for holders of Serbian passport in September 2019. Armenia lifted visa requirements for Serbian citizens on 30 January 2020.[25]
Holders of Serbian passports issued by the Coordination Directorate for Kosovo and Metohija have been exempt from visa requirements for the Schengen Area since October 2024.[26]
Since 2009, Serbia has been working towards expanding visa-free travel for its citizens. Serbia proposed inclusion in the United States Visa Waiver Program in 2009, but as of 2024, the adjusted visa refusal rate remains above the required 3% threshold.[27] The United Kingdom initially discussed visa abolition in 2011, but in 2013, the UK Home Office stated it had no plans to remove visa requirements for Serbian citizens.[28] Talks with Australia on facilitating visa issuance were held in 2012,[29] while New Zealand introduced a facilitated visa regime for Serbian citizens in 2014.[30] Discussions on visa liberalization with Canada began in 2016.[31]
Serbian authorities have also held talks with several countries on concluding visa abolition agreements in the future including with Bahrain, Guatemala, Iran, Jamaica, Kuwait, Oman, Panama, Paraguay, South Africa, Tajikistan, Venezuela and Vietnam but have not yet concluded them.[32][33][34][35][36][37]
Visa requirements map
[edit]Visa requirements
[edit]Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) | Reciprocity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Visa required[38] | √ | ||
Albania | Visa not required[39] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Algeria | Visa required[40] | √ | ||
Andorra | Visa not required[41] | √ | ||
Angola | Visa required[42] | √ | ||
Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required[43] | 6 months | √ | |
Argentina | Visa not required[44] | 90 days | √ | |
Armenia | Visa not required[45] | 180 days | √ | |
Australia | Online visa required[46][47] |
|
X | |
Austria | Visa not required[48] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Azerbaijan | Visa not required[49] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Bahamas | eVisa[50] | 3 months |
|
X |
Bahrain | eVisa / Visa on arrival[53] | 14 days | X | |
Bangladesh | Visa on arrival[54] | 30 days |
|
X |
Barbados | Visa not required[56] | 90 days | √ | |
Belarus | Visa not required[57] | 30 days | √ | |
Belgium | Visa not required[58] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Belize | Visa required[59] |
|
√ | |
Benin | eVisa[61][62] | 30 days | X | |
Bhutan | eVisa[63][64] | √ | ||
Bolivia | Online Visa / Visa on arrival[65] | 90 days[66] | X | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa not required[67] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Botswana | eVisa[68][69] | 3 months |
|
x |
Brazil | Visa not required[70] | 90 days | √ | |
Brunei | Visa required[71] | √ | ||
Bulgaria | Visa not required[72] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Burkina Faso | eVisa[73][74] | √ | ||
Burundi | Visa on arrival[75][76] | 1 month |
|
X |
Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[77][78] | 30 days | X | |
Cameroon | eVisa[79][80] | √ | ||
Canada | Visa required[81] |
|
X | |
Cape Verde | Visa on arrival[83] | X | ||
Central African Republic | Visa required[86] | √ | ||
Chad | Visa required[87] |
|
√ | |
Chile | Visa not required[88] | 90 days | √ | |
China | Visa not required[89] | 30 days |
|
√ |
Colombia | Visa not required[90] | 90 days | √ | |
Comoros | Visa on arrival[91] | 45 days | X | |
Republic of the Congo | Visa required[92] |
|
√ | |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | eVisa[93][94] | 7 days |
|
√ |
Costa Rica | Visa not required[95] | 90 days | √ | |
Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa[96][97] | 3 months |
|
X |
Croatia | Visa not required[98] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Cuba | Visa required[99][100] | √ | ||
Cyprus | Visa not required[101] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Czech Republic | Visa not required[102] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Denmark | Visa not required[103] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Djibouti | eVisa[104][105] | 90 days | X | |
Dominica | Visa not required[106] | 21 days | √ | |
Dominican Republic | Visa not required[107] | 90 days | X | |
Ecuador | Visa not required[108] | 90 days | X | |
Egypt | eVisa / Visa on arrival[109][110] | 30 days | X | |
El Salvador | Visa required[111] |
|
√ | |
Equatorial Guinea | eVisa[112][113] |
|
x | |
Eritrea | Visa required[114] | √ | ||
Estonia | Visa not required[115] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Eswatini | Visa not required[116] | 30 days | X | |
Ethiopia | eVisa / Visa on arrival[117] [118] | up to 90 days |
|
X |
Fiji | Visa not required[119] | 4 months | X | |
Finland | Visa not required[120] | 90 days |
|
√ |
France | Visa not required[121] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Gabon | eVisa[122][123] | 90 days |
|
X |
Gambia | Visa required[124] | √ | ||
Georgia | Visa not required[125] | 1 year | √ | |
Germany | Visa not required[126] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Ghana | Visa required[127] | √ | ||
Greece | Visa not required[128] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Grenada | Visa not required[129] | 3 months | √ | |
Guatemala | Visa required[130] |
|
√ | |
Guinea | eVisa[131][132] | 90 days | X | |
Guinea-Bissau | Visa on arrival[133] | 90 days | X | |
Guyana | Visa required[134] | 30 days |
|
√ |
Haiti | Visa not required[135] | 90 days | X | |
Honduras | Visa required[136] |
|
√ | |
Hungary | Visa not required[137] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Iceland | Visa not required[138] | 90 days |
|
√ |
India | eVisa[139] | 30 days |
|
X |
Indonesia | e-VOA / Visa on arrival[142] | 30 days[143] | X | |
Iran | Visa not required[144] | 15 days | X | |
Iraq | eVisa[145] | X | ||
Ireland | Visa required[146] |
|
X | |
Israel | Visa not required[149] | 3 months | √ | |
Italy | Visa not required[150] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Jamaica | Visa on arrival[151] | 30 days | X | |
Japan | Visa not required[152] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Jordan | eVisa / Visa on arrival[149][153] | 30 days |
|
X |
Kazakhstan | Visa not required[154] | 30 days | √ | |
Kenya | Electronic Travel Authorisation[155][156] | 90 days |
|
X |
Kiribati | Visa required[157] | √ | ||
North Korea | Visa required[158] | √ | ||
South Korea | Electronic Travel Authorization[159][160] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Kuwait | eVisa / Visa on arrival[162][163] | 3 months | X | |
Kyrgyzstan | Visa not required[164] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Laos | eVisa / Visa on arrival[149] | 30 days |
|
X |
Latvia | Visa not required[168] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Lebanon | Free visa on arrival[169] | 1 month |
|
X |
Lesotho | eVisa[170][171] | X | ||
Liberia | Visa required[172] | √ | ||
Libya | eVisa[173][174] | x | ||
Liechtenstein | Visa not required[175] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Lithuania | Visa not required[176] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Luxembourg | Visa not required[177] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Madagascar | Visa on arrival[178] | 60 days | X | |
Malawi | eVisa[179] | 90 days | X | |
Malaysia | eVisa[180][181] | 30 days | X | |
Maldives | Free visa on arrival[182] | 30 days | X | |
Mali | Visa required[183] | √ | ||
Malta | Visa not required[184] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Marshall Islands | Visa required[185] | X | ||
Mauritania | Visa on arrival[186] |
|
X | |
Mauritius | Visa on arrival[187] | 180 days |
|
X |
Mexico | Visa required[188] |
|
X | |
Micronesia | Visa not required[190] | 30 days | X | |
Moldova | Visa not required[191] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Monaco | Visa not required[192] | √ | ||
Mongolia | Visa not required[193] | 90 days | √ | |
Montenegro | Visa not required[194] | 3 months |
|
√ |
Morocco | Visa required[195] | √ | ||
Mozambique | eVisa / Visa on arrival[196][197] | 30 days | X | |
Myanmar | eVisa[198][199] | 28 days |
|
X |
Namibia | Visa required[200] | √ | ||
Nauru | Visa required[201] | √ | ||
Nepal | Online Visa / Visa on arrival[202] | 90 days[203] | X | |
Netherlands | Visa not required[204] | 90 days |
|
√ |
New Zealand | Visa required[205] |
|
X | |
Nicaragua | Visa on arrival[208] | 90 days |
|
X |
Niger | Visa required[209] | √ | ||
Nigeria | eVisa[210][211] | 90 days | √ | |
North Macedonia | Visa not required[212] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Norway | Visa not required[213] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Oman | Visa not required[214][215] | 14 days | * 30 days e-visa also available | X |
Pakistan | Online Visa[216][217] | 3 months |
|
X |
Palau | Free Visa on arrival[219] | 30 days | X | |
Panama | Visa not required[220] | 90 days | X | |
Papua New Guinea | eVisa[221][222] | 60 days |
|
√ |
Paraguay | Visa required[223] | X | ||
Peru | Visa not required[224] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Philippines | Visa required[225] | √ | ||
Poland | Visa not required[226] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Portugal | Visa not required[227] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Qatar | Visa not required[228] | 90 days | √ | |
Romania | Visa not required[229] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Russia | Visa not required[230] | 30 days | √ | |
Rwanda | eVisa / Visa on arrival[233][234] | 30 days | X | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required[235] | 90 days | X | |
Saint Lucia | Visa required[236] | √ | ||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required[237] | 3 months | √ | |
Samoa | Visa not required[238] | 60 days | X | |
San Marino | Visa not required[239] | √ | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | eVisa[240][241] | X | ||
Saudi Arabia | Visa required[242] |
|
√ | |
Senegal | Visa on arrival[243] | 1 month | X | |
Seychelles | Electronic Border System[244][245] | 3 months |
|
√ |
Sierra Leone | eVisa[246][247] | 3 months | x | |
Singapore | Visa not required[248] | 30 days | √ | |
Slovakia | Visa not required[249] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Slovenia | Visa not required[250] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Solomon Islands | Visa required[251] | √ | ||
Somalia | Visa on arrival[252] | 30 days |
|
√ |
South Africa | Visa required[253] | √ | ||
South Sudan | eVisa[254][255] |
|
X | |
Spain | Visa not required[256] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Sri Lanka | eVisa / Visa on arrival[257][258] | 60 days / 30 days |
|
X |
Sudan | Visa required[260] | √ | ||
Suriname | Visa not required[261][262] | 30 days | √ | |
Sweden | Visa not required[265] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Switzerland | Visa not required[266] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Syria | eVisa[267] | X | ||
Tajikistan | Visa not required[268] | 30 days |
|
X |
Tanzania | eVisa / Visa on arrival[270][271] | 3 months | X | |
Thailand | eVisa / Visa on arrival[272][273] | 60 days / 15 days | X | |
Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival[274] | 30 days |
|
X |
Togo | eVisa[276][277] | 15 days | X | |
Tonga | Visa required[278] | √ | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | Visa not required[279] | 30 days | √ | |
Tunisia | Visa required[280][281] | √ | ||
Turkey | Visa not required[282] | 90 days |
|
√ |
Turkmenistan | Visa required[283] | √ | ||
Tuvalu | Visa on arrival[284] | 1 month | X | |
Uganda | eVisa[285][286] | 3 months |
|
X |
Ukraine | Visa not required[287] | 90 days |
|
√ |
United Arab Emirates | Visa not required[288] | 90 days | √ | |
United Kingdom | Visa required[289] |
|
X | |
United States | Visa required[291] | X | ||
Uruguay | Visa not required[292] | 90 days | √ | |
Uzbekistan | Visa not required[293] | 30 days | X | |
Vanuatu | Visa not required[294] | 30 days | X | |
Vatican City | Visa not required[295] | √ | ||
Venezuela | Visa required[296] |
|
√ | |
Vietnam | eVisa[298][299] | 90 days |
|
X |
Yemen | Visa required[300] | √ | ||
Zambia | Visa not required[301] | 90 days | X | |
Zimbabwe | Visa on arrival[302] | 30 days | X |
Territories and disputed areas
[edit]Visa requirements for Serbian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognised countries and restricted zones:
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|
Europe | ||
Abkhazia | Visa required[303] | |
Mount Athos | Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[304][305] |
Crimea | Visa not required | Territory accessed under Russian visa policy.[306] |
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | Visa not required | 3 months[307] |
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus | Access Permit required[308] | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. |
Faroe Islands | Visa not required[309] | 90 days |
Gibraltar | Visa required[310] | |
Guernsey | Visa required[311] | |
Isle of Man | Visa required[312] | |
Jan Mayen | Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[313] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[314] |
Jersey | Visa required[315] | |
Kosovo | Passport and Serbian Coordination Directorate documents admission refused[316] | ID card only valid. |
Russia | Special authorization required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[317] |
South Ossetia | Visa not required | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[318][319] |
Transnistria | Visa not required | Registration required after 24h.[320][321] |
Africa | ||
British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required | Special permit required.[322] |
Eritrea outside Asmara | Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[323] |
Mayotte | Visa not required[324] | 90 days |
Réunion | Visa not required[325] | 90 days |
Ascension Island | eVisa[326][327] | 3 months within any year period. |
Saint Helena | eVisa[328] | |
Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[329] |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. | |
Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[330][331] |
Sudan | Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. |
Darfur | Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required.[332] |
Asia | ||
Hong Kong | Visa not required | 14 days[333] Only the passport with biometric cover |
India PAP/RAP | PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[334][335][336][337][338][339] |
Kazakhstan | Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[340] |
Kish Island | Visa not required | Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[341] |
Macao | Visa not required | 90 days[342] |
Maldives | Permission required | With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[343] |
North Korea outside Pyongyang | Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) |
Palestine | Visa not required[344] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[345] |
Taiwan | Visa required[346] | |
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province | OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[347][348][349] |
Tibet Autonomous Region | TTP required | Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[350][351][352] |
Turkmenistan | Special permit required | A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[353] |
Korean Demilitarized Zone | Restricted zone. | |
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar | Restricted zone. | |
Phú Quốc | Visa not required | 30 days[354] |
Yemen | Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[355] |
Americas | ||
Anguilla | eVisa[356] | |
Aruba | Visa not required[357] | 30 days |
Bermuda | Visa required[358] | |
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba | Visa not required[359] | 90 days |
British Virgin Islands | Visa required[360] | |
Cayman Islands | Visa required[361] | Transit visa required. |
Curaçao | Visa not required[362] | 90 days |
French Guiana | Visa not required[363] | 90 days |
French West Indies | Visa not required | 90 days; includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy |
Greenland | Visa not required[364] | 90 days |
Montserrat | eVisa[365][366] | |
Puerto Rico | Visa required[367] | |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa not required | 90 days |
Sint Maarten | Visa not required[368] | 90 days |
Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa required[369] | |
U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa required[370] | |
Oceania | ||
American Samoa | Entry permit required[371] | |
Ashmore and Cartier Islands | Special authorisation required | Special authorisation required.[372] |
Clipperton Island | Special permit required | Special permit required.[373] |
Cook Islands | Visa not required | 31 days[374] |
Lau Province | Special permission required | Special permission required.[375] |
French Polynesia | Visa not required[376] | 90 days |
Guam | Visa required[377] | |
New Caledonia | Visa not required[378] | 90 days |
Niue | Visa on arrival | 30 days[379] |
Northern Mariana Islands | Visa required[380] | |
Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days visa-free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[381][382][383] |
Tokelau | Visa required | |
United States Minor Outlying Islands | Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[384][385][386][387][388][389][390] |
Wallis and Futuna | Visa not required | 90 days |
South America | ||
Galápagos | Pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[391] |
South Atlantic and Antarctica | ||
Falkland Islands | Visa required[392] | |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[393][394] |
Antarctica | Special permits required for British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402][403][404][405][406] |
Diplomatic and official passports
[edit]Countries | Stay |
---|---|
Azerbaijan[407] | 90 days |
Bangladesh[408] | 30 days |
Bolivia[409] | 90 days |
China[410] | 90 days |
El Salvador[411] | 90 days |
Ethiopia[412] | 90 days |
Guatemala[413] | 90 days |
Honduras[414] | 90 days |
India[415] | 90 days |
Iran[416] | 90 days |
Jordan[417] | 90 days |
Kyrgyzstan[418] | 90 days |
Laos[419] | 90 days |
Lebanon[420] | 90 days |
North Korea[421] | 90 days |
Mali[422] | 30 days |
Mexico[423] | 180 days |
Morocco[424] | 90 days |
Kuwait[425] | 90 days |
Nicaragua[426] | 90 days |
Pakistan[427] | 30 days |
Russia[428] | 90 days |
Thailand[429] | 90 days |
Ukraine[430] | 90 days |
United Arab Emirates[431] | 90 days |
Vietnam[432] | 90 days |
Zimbabwe[433] | 90 days |
Serbian identity card as optional passport replacement
[edit]Serbian identity cards can be used instead of a passport for travel to some Balkan countries and territories that have signed bilateral agreements with Serbia.
Countries and territories | Stay |
---|---|
Albania[434] | 90 days |
Bosnia and Herzegovina[435] | 90 days |
Kosovo | 90 days |
Montenegro[436] | 30 days |
North Macedonia[437] | 90 days |
Non-visa restrictions
[edit]
Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.
Blank passport pages
[edit]Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[438] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Vaccination
[edit]Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[439] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[440]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[441][442]
Passport validity length
[edit]Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[443][444] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[445]
Some countries, such as Japan,[446] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[447] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[448] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[449] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[450] Philippines,[451] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[452]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[453] and South Africa.
Criminal record
[edit]Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[454] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
[edit]The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[455]
Israeli stamps
[edit]Kuwait,[456] Lebanon,[457] Libya,[458] and Yemen[459] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Biometrics
[edit]Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[460]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[461][462] Argentina,[463] Brunei, Cambodia,[464] China,[465] Ethiopia,[466] Ghana, Guinea,[467] India, Japan,[468][469] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[470] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[471] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[472] Singapore, South Korea,[473] Taiwan, Thailand,[474] Uganda,[475] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[476][477][478] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[479]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[480] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[481][482]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
- ^ Dijk, Ruud Van (2008). Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Taylor & Francis. p. 898. ISBN 978-0-415-97515-5.
- ^ "Henley Global Mobility Report | 2022 Q1". Henley & Partners.
- ^ "The Henley Passport Index" (PDF). July 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2020.
- ^ Partners, Henley &. "The Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index Celebrates Ten Years". www.prnewswire.com (Press release).
- ^ Henley & Partners. "The Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index Celebrates Ten Years" (Press release). PR Newswire. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ Serbia, Russia sign agreement on visa-free regime
- ^ "Serbian, Israeli FMs sign visa-free deal - English - on B92.net". b92.net. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
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- ^ "Serbia, Turkey abolish visa regime - English - on B92.net". b92.net. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ Serbia, Kazakhstan sign agreement on the abolishment of visas Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "People's daily Online: Ukraine, Serbia abolish visa regime for short-term travel - Jun. 01, 2011". kyivpost.com. 1 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ "Japan abolishes visas for Serbians - English - on B92.net". b92.net. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ "Serbia and Albania abolish visas - English - on B92.net". b92.net. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
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- ^ "Ministerul Afacerilor Externe si Integrarii Europene al RM". www.mfa.gov.md. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
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- ^ "Iran ends visa-free travel for Serbians". 17 October 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
- ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
- ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
- ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
- ^ "Australia Subclass 600".
- ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
- ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Entry Requirements | The Official Site of The Bahamas". 25 March 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Cruise ship passengers travelling to the Bahamas" (PDF). New York: Consulate General of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2013.
- ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
- ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
- ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
- ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
- ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
- ^ "Visa Who Qualify".
- ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
- ^ "Benin eVisa".
- ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
- ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
- ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
- ^ "Bolivia Online Visa".
- ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- ^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
- ^ "Botswana eVisa".
- ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
- ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
- ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ @chrisnibas (6 December 2021). "Nationals of all countries requiring visa for #Burundi 🇧🇮, can now just request it upon arrival at Bujumbura Inter…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Cambodia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Find out if you need an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) or a visitor visa". cic.gc.ca. May 2017. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Obtainable at Nelson Mandela International Airport, Cesária Évora Airport, Amílcar Cabral International Airport and Aristides Pereira International Airport.
- ^ "Cape Verde EASE".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "CI eVisa".
- ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ https://www.mfa.rs/en/citizens/travel-abroad/visas-and-states-travel-advisory/cuba
- ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
- ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
- ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Egypt eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Ethiopia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
- ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Gabon eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ e-Visa
- ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Indonesia e-VOA".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Home Page @ eVisa Portal". evisa.iq.
- ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- ^ Affairs, Department of Foreign. "Visas for Ireland – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". dfa.ie. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ "The Irish Short-stay Visa Waiver Programme" (PDF). inis.gov.ie. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ a b c International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Jordan E-Services".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kenya eTA".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "K-ETA".
- ^ "K-ETA Application Guide".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kuwait eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ a b "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
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- ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Lesotho eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ "Libya eVisa".
- ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Malaysia eVisa".
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Visitors who do not require a visa, with a stay up to 180 days".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
- ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "A2.15 Unacceptable travel documents". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. 8 April 2013.
- ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Nigeria Immigration Service".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Oman eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Pakistan Online Visa".
- ^ "Tourist Visa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "PNG eVisa".
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
- ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "УСЛОВИЯ ВЪЕЗДА ГРАЖДАН ИНОСТРАННЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВ В РОССИЙСКУЮ ФЕДЕРАЦИЮ ПО ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКИМ, СЛУЖЕБНЫМ (ОФИЦИАЛЬНЫМ, СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫМ), ОБЩЕГРАЖДАНСКИМ ПАСПОРТАМ (Conditions for entry of citizens of foreign states into the Russian Federation using diplomatic, service (official, special), general civil passports)" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 September 2017.
- ^ "Russia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Rwanda E-Services".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "ST eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Seychelles Electronic Border System".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Sierra Leone eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
- ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "South Sudan eVisa".
- ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ "Information".
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- ^ "Entry-fee".
- ^ "Suriname eVisa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname".
- ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
- ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
- ^ eVisa Syria
- ^ "The list of countries eligible for the unilateral visa-free entry system has been expanded, and the visa application process for citizens of certain countries to the Republic of Tajikistan has been simplified".
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Tanzania eVisa".
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- ^ "Thai eVisa".
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- ^ Obtainable at the Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport or at the Dili Sea Port.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ "You'll need a visa to pass through the UK in transit (unless you're exempt) - Check if you need a UK visa – GOV.UK". gov.uk.
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- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
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{{cite web}}
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Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
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Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
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Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
[edit]- ^
- ^
- ^
- Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
- Lantui - Baka (China)
- Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
- Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
- Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
- Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
- Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
- Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
- Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
- Phoudou (Thailand)
- Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
- Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
- Lalai (Vietnam)
- Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
- Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
- Savannakhet Airport
- ^
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Bokeo
- ^
- Vientiane
- Savannakhet
- Khammouane
- Bokeo
- ^
- Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
- Khamsavath - Nongkai (Thailand)
- Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
- Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
- Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
- Boten - Bo han (China)