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October 1939 lunar eclipse

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October 1939 lunar eclipse
Partial eclipse
The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left
DateOctober 28, 1939
Gamma−0.4581
Magnitude0.9876
Saros cycle135 (19 of 71)
Partiality203 minutes, 22 seconds
Penumbral346 minutes, 5 seconds
Contacts (UTC)
P13:43:14
U14:54:40
Greatest6:36:19
U48:18:01
P49:29:19

A partial lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Saturday, October 28, 1939,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 0.9876. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A partial lunar eclipse occurs when one part of the Moon is in the Earth's umbra, while the other part is in the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 5.3 days after apogee (on October 23, 1939, at 0:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]

This lunar eclipse was the last of an almost tetrad, with the others being on May 14, 1938 (total); November 7, 1938 (total); and May 3, 1939 (total).

This was the last partial lunar eclipse of the first set of partial eclipses in Lunar Saros 135 as well as the largest partial lunar eclipse of the 20th century.

Visibility

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The eclipse was completely visible over North America and western South America, seen rising over northeast Asia and eastern Australia and setting over eastern South America, west and central Africa, and Europe.[3]

Eclipse details

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Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]

October 28, 1939 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 2.04769
Umbral Magnitude 0.98764
Gamma −0.45812
Sun Right Ascension 14h06m46.1s
Sun Declination -12°50'04.8"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'05.9"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 02h07m11.5s
Moon Declination +12°25'18.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'11.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°55'44.2"
ΔT 24.4 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of October 1939
October 12
Ascending node (new moon)		 October 28
Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 123		 Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 135
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Eclipses in 1939

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Lunar Saros 135

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Inex

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Triad

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Lunar eclipses of 1937–1940

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]

The penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23, 1940 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Lunar eclipse series sets from 1937 to 1940
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma
110 1937 May 25
 Penumbral
 −1.1582 115 1937 Nov 18
 Partial
 0.9421
120 1938 May 14
 Total
 −0.3994 125 1938 Nov 07
 Total
 0.2739
130 1939 May 03
 Total
 0.3693 135 1939 Oct 28
 Partial
 −0.4581
140 1940 Apr 22
 Penumbral
 1.0741 145 1940 Oct 16
 Penumbral
 −1.1925

Saros 135

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 135, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on April 13, 1615. It contains partial eclipses from July 20, 1777 through October 28, 1939; total eclipses from November 7, 1957 through July 6, 2354; and a second set of partial eclipses from July 16, 2372 through September 19, 2480. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on May 18, 2877.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 37 at 106 minutes, 13 seconds on May 12, 2264. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]

Greatest First
The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2264 May 12, lasting 106 minutes, 13 seconds.[7] Penumbral Partial Total Central
1615 Apr 13
 1777 Jul 20
 1957 Nov 07
 2174 Mar 18
Last
Central Total Partial Penumbral
2318 Jun 14
 2354 Jul 06
 2480 Sep 19
 2877 May 18

Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
1808 Nov 03
(Saros 123) 		1819 Oct 03
(Saros 124) 		1830 Sep 02
(Saros 125) 		1841 Aug 02
(Saros 126) 		1852 Jul 01
(Saros 127)
1863 Jun 01
(Saros 128) 		1874 May 01
(Saros 129) 		1885 Mar 30
(Saros 130) 		1896 Feb 28
(Saros 131) 		1907 Jan 29
(Saros 132)
1917 Dec 28
(Saros 133) 		1928 Nov 27
(Saros 134) 		1939 Oct 28
(Saros 135) 		1950 Sep 26
(Saros 136) 		1961 Aug 26
(Saros 137)
1972 Jul 26
(Saros 138) 		1983 Jun 25
(Saros 139) 		1994 May 25
(Saros 140) 		2005 Apr 24
(Saros 141) 		2016 Mar 23
(Saros 142)
2027 Feb 20
(Saros 143) 		2038 Jan 21
(Saros 144) 		2048 Dec 20
(Saros 145) 		2059 Nov 19
(Saros 146) 		2070 Oct 19
(Saros 147)
2081 Sep 18
(Saros 148) 		2092 Aug 17
(Saros 149) 		2103 Jul 19
(Saros 150) 		2114 Jun 18
(Saros 151) 		2125 May 17
(Saros 152)
2136 Apr 16
(Saros 153) 		2169 Jan 13
(Saros 156)
2190 Nov 12
(Saros 158)

Half-Saros cycle

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A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 142.

October 21, 1930 November 1, 1948

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "October 27–28, 1939 Partial Lunar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Partial Lunar Eclipse of 1939 Oct 28" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  4. ^ "Partial Lunar Eclipse of 1939 Oct 28". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  5. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  6. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 135". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
  7. ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 135
  8. ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
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