December 1965 lunar eclipse
| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | December 8, 1965 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | 1.0775 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.1200 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 144 (13 of 71) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 240 minutes, 40 seconds | ||||||||
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A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, December 8, 1965,[1] with an umbral magnitude of −0.1200. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2.5 days before perigee (on December 11, 1965, at 6:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]
Visibility
[edit]The eclipse was completely visible over eastern Europe, northeast Africa, Asia, [[and Australia, seen rising over western Europe and much of Africa and setting over northwestern North America and the central Pacific Ocean.[3]
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Eclipse details
[edit]Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.88203 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.12004 |
| Gamma | 1.07748 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 17h00m58.1s |
| Sun Declination | -22°45'04.3" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'14.4" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 05h00m02.9s |
| Moon Declination | +23°47'53.1" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'12.3" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°59'28.5" |
| ΔT | 36.5 s |
Eclipse season
[edit]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| November 23 Descending node (new moon) |
December 8 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
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| Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 132 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 144 |
Related eclipses
[edit]Eclipses in 1965
[edit]- A total solar eclipse on May 30.
- A partial lunar eclipse on June 14.
- An annular solar eclipse on November 23.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 8.
Metonic
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of February 19, 1962
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 25, 1969
Tzolkinex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 27, 1958
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of January 18, 1973
Half-Saros
[edit]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 2, 1956
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 13, 1974
Tritos
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 8, 1955
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 6, 1976
Lunar Saros 144
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 28, 1947
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of December 20, 1983
Inex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 28, 1936
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 18, 1994
Triad
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of February 7, 1879
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 8, 2052
Lunar eclipses of 1962–1965
[edit]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipses on February 19, 1962 and August 15, 1962 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 1962 to 1965 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | |
| 109 | 1962 Jul 17
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Penumbral
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1.3371 | 114 | 1963 Jan 09
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Penumbral
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−1.0128 | |
| 119 | 1963 Jul 06
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Partial
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0.6197 | 124 | 1963 Dec 30
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Total
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−0.2889 | |
| 129 | 1964 Jun 25
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Total
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−0.1461 | 134 | 1964 Dec 19
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Total
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0.3801 | |
| 139 | 1965 Jun 14
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Partial
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−0.9006 | 144 | 1965 Dec 08
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Penumbral
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1.0775 | |
Saros 144
[edit]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 144, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on July 29, 1749. It contains partial eclipses from March 28, 2146 through June 23, 2290; total eclipses from July 4, 2308 through January 28, 2651; and a second set of partial eclipses from February 8, 2669 through June 8, 2867. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on September 4, 3011.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 38 at 104 minutes, 53 seconds on September 7, 2416. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2416 Sep 07, lasting 104 minutes, 53 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1749 Jul 29 |
2146 Mar 28 |
2308 Jul 04 |
2362 Aug 06 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 2488 Oct 20 |
2651 Jan 28 |
2867 Jun 08 |
3011 Sep 04 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 4–26 occur between 1801 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 1803 Sep 01 | 1821 Sep 11 | 1839 Sep 23 | |||
| 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 1857 Oct 03 | 1875 Oct 14 | 1893 Oct 25 | |||
| 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
| 1911 Nov 06 | 1929 Nov 17 | 1947 Nov 28 | |||
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| 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
| 1965 Dec 08 | 1983 Dec 20 | 2001 Dec 30 | |||
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| 16 | 17 | 18 | |||
| 2020 Jan 10 | 2038 Jan 21 | 2056 Feb 01 | |||
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| 19 | 20 | 21 | |||
| 2074 Feb 11 | 2092 Feb 23 | 2110 Mar 06 | |||
| 22 | 23 | 24 | |||
| 2128 Mar 16 | 2146 Mar 28 | 2164 Apr 07 | |||
| 25 | 26 | ||||
| 2182 Apr 18 | 2200 Apr 30 | ||||
Tritos series
[edit]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2096 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1802 Mar 19 (Saros 129) |
1813 Feb 15 (Saros 130) |
1824 Jan 16 (Saros 131) |
1834 Dec 16 (Saros 132) |
1845 Nov 14 (Saros 133) | |||||
| 1856 Oct 13 (Saros 134) |
1867 Sep 14 (Saros 135) |
1878 Aug 13 (Saros 136) |
1889 Jul 12 (Saros 137) |
1900 Jun 13 (Saros 138) | |||||
| 1911 May 13 (Saros 139) |
1922 Apr 11 (Saros 140) |
1933 Mar 12 (Saros 141) |
1944 Feb 09 (Saros 142) |
1955 Jan 08 (Saros 143) | |||||
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| 1965 Dec 08 (Saros 144) |
1976 Nov 06 (Saros 145) |
1987 Oct 07 (Saros 146) |
1998 Sep 06 (Saros 147) |
2009 Aug 06 (Saros 148) | |||||
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| 2020 Jul 05 (Saros 149) |
2031 Jun 05 (Saros 150) |
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| 2096 Nov 29 (Saros 156) | |||||||||
Half-Saros cycle
[edit]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 151.
| December 2, 1956 | December 13, 1974 |
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See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "December 8–9, 1965 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1965 Dec 08" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1965 Dec 08". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 144". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 144
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
External links
[edit]- 1965 Dec 08 chart Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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