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This page is about the railway which starts running in 2022. For the precursor service introduced in 2015, see TfL Rail. For the project to construct the railway, see Crossrail. For the British gymnast, see Elizabeth Line (gymnast).

Elizabeth line
A TfL Rail service for London Paddington. From 24 May 2022, these trains will operate in the 'core' section, between Paddington and Abbey Wood.
Overview
Other name(s)Crossrail (construction phase)
StatusScheduled to open 24 May 2022
Owner
Locale
Termini
Stations41
Service
Type
SystemNational Rail
Operator(s)MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd[2]
Depot(s)
Rolling stockClass 345 (9 carriages per train)[3]
History
Opened
Technical
Line lengthApprox. 117 km (73 mi)
Number of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC (overhead lines)
Operating speed90 mph (145 km/h)
London Underground
Bakerloo
Central
Circle
District
Hammersmith & City
Jubilee
Metropolitan
Northern
Piccadilly
Victoria
Waterloo & City
London Overground
Liberty
Lioness
Mildmay (North · West)
Suffragette
Weaver
Windrush (East · South)
Other TfL Modes
DLR
Elizabeth line
London Trams

The Elizabeth line is a planned high-frequency suburban passenger service in London and its environs. It runs from Reading and Heathrow Central in the west to Abbey Wood and Shenfield in the east and was named in honour of Queen Elizabeth II. Central London will be crossed through tunnels which were constructed as part of the Crossrail project and run from Paddington on the Great Western Main Line to Stratford on the Great Eastern Main Line and Abbey Wood in southeast London. The service is scheduled to commence operation on 24 May 2022 with 12 trains per hour running on the section between Paddington and Abbey Wood.[needs update]

The Crossrail project was approved in 2007, and construction began in 2009. Originally planned to open in 2018, the project was repeatedly delayed, including several months caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Once the line is fully operational in May 2023, the new nine-carriage Class 345 trains will run at frequencies in the central section of up to 24 trains per hour in each direction. At each end of its central core services, it will divide into two branches: in the west to Reading and to Heathrow Central; in the east to Abbey Wood and to Shenfield. In May 2015, services on a section of one of the eastern branches, between Liverpool Street and Shenfield, were transferred to TfL Rail; this precursor service also took control of Heathrow Connect in May 2018 and the Paddington to Reading line in December 2019.

The Elizabeth line will be operated by MTR Corporation (Crossrail) Ltd as a London Rail concession of Transport for London (TfL), in a similar manner to London Overground. TfL's annual revenues from the line were forecast in 2018 to be nearly £500 million in 2022/23 and over £1 billion from 2024–25.

History

[edit]
Crossrail timeline
Date Event
1941–48 Proposals for cross-London railway tunnel(s), of the national network, by George Dow
1974 London Rail Study Report recommends a Paddington–Liverpool Street "Crossrail" tunnel
1989 Central London Rail Study proposes three Crossrail schemes, including an east–west Paddington/Marylebone–Liverpool Street route
1991 Private bill promoted by London Underground and British Rail submitted to Parliament proposing a Paddington–Liverpool Street tunnel; it is rejected in 1994
2001 Crossrail scheme promoted through Cross London Rail Links (CLRL)
2004 Senior railway managers promote an expanded regional Superlink scheme
2005 Crossrail Bill put before Parliament
2008 Crossrail Act 2008 receives royal assent
2009 Construction work begins at Canary Wharf
2015 Liverpool Street–Shenfield service transferred to TfL Rail
2017 New Crossrail trains introduced on Liverpool Street–Shenfield route
2018 Paddington–Heathrow services transferred to TfL Rail
2019 TfL Rail begin operating Paddington-Reading services
Main article: History of the Crossrail line

In 2001 Cross London Rail Links (CLRL), a 50/50 joint-venture between Transport for London and the Department for Transport (DfT), was formed to develop and promote the Crossrail scheme,[4] and also a Wimbledon–Hackney scheme. In 2003 and 2004, over 50 days of exhibitions were held to explain the proposals at over 30 different locations.[5][non-primary source needed]

2005 Route Development

[edit]

In 2005, ahead of Crossrail's hybrid bill submission, a number of feeder routes were considered by CLRL west of Paddington and east of Liverpool Street. It was viewed given the 24tph core frequency that two feeder routes each of 12tph could be taken forward.[6]

In the west, a route to Maidenhead (later extended to Reading) and Heathrow Airport was selected. In the east, routes to Abbey Wood (curtailed from Ebbsfleet to avoid conflicts with the North Kent lines) and Shenfield were selected.

Approval

[edit]

The Crossrail Bill 2005, a hybrid bill, went through Parliament. The Crossrail Bill Select Committee met between December 2005 and October 2007.[7]

The Bill received royal assent on 22 July 2008 as the Crossrail Act 2008.[8][9] In December 2008 it was announced that TfL and the DfT had signed the Crossrail Sponsors' Agreement. This committed them to financing the project, then projected to cost £15.9 billion, with further contributions from Network Rail, BAA and the City of London.

Construction

[edit]
Main article: Crossrail
Construction of Crossrail at Tottenham Court Road in September 2011

Work began on 15 May 2009 when piling works started at the future Canary Wharf station.[10]

In March 2010, contracts were awarded to civil engineering companies for the second round of 'enabling work' including 'Royal Oak Portal Taxi Facility Demolition', 'Demolition works for Crossrail Bond Street Station', 'Demolition works for Crossrail Tottenham Court Road Station' and 'Pudding Mill Lane Portal'.[11] In December 2010, contracts were awarded for most of the tunnelling work.[12] To assist with the skills required for the Crossrail project, Crossrail opened in 2011 the Tunnelling and Underground Construction Academy in Ilford.[13] The Academy was handed over to Transport for London in 2017, who have sub-contracted its management to PROCAT.[14]

Boring of the railway tunnels was officially completed at Farringdon in June 2015 in the presence of the Prime Minister and the Mayor of London.[15] Installation of the track was completed in September 2017.[16] The ETCS signalling was scheduled to be tested in the Heathrow tunnels over the winter of 2017-18.[17] The south east section of the infrastructure was energised in February 2018, with the first test train run between Plumstead and Abbey Wood that month.[18] In May 2018 the overhead lines were powered up between Westbourne Park and Stepney, the installation of platform doors was completed,[19] and video was released of the first trains travelling through the tunnels.[20]

TfL Rail took over Heathrow Connect services from Paddington to Heathrow in May 2018.[21][17]

Construction of the link with Liverpool Street at Moorgate, November 2018

At the end of August 2018, four months before the scheduled opening of the core section of the line, it was announced that completion was delayed and that the line would not open before autumn 2019.[22]

In April 2019, it was announced that Crossrail would be completed between October 2020 and March 2021, two years behind schedule, and that it would not include the opening of the Bond Street station, one of ten new stations on the line.[23][24] The London Assembly's transport committee concluded that Transport for London (TfL) played down the prospect of delays to the project in updates to Mayor of London Sadiq Khan, and called for TfL commissioner Mike Brown to consider his position.[25] Crossrail said major challenges before completion included writing and testing the software that would integrate the train with three different track signalling systems, and installing equipment inside the tunnels.[23]

In July 2019, it was announced that the line would not open in 2021, with TfL not expecting the full line from Heathrow to Shenfield to open until the early part of the 2023/24 financial year.[26]

In August 2020, Crossrail announced that the central section would be ready to open "in the first half of 2022".[27]

In May 2021 trial running commenced.[28]

Route

[edit]

In the west, the route connects with the Great Western Main Line at Royal Oak, west of Paddington, and runs to Hayes and Harlington, where it splits. One branch runs to Heathrow Central and Heathrow Terminal 4, both part of the TfL network since 2018, and Terminal 5;[29] the other runs over the existing main line to Reading via Slough and Maidenhead.[30][31]

The route's central section uses new east–west twin tunnels under central London, splitting into two branches at the eastern end. The tunnelled sections are altogether approximately 42 km (26 mi) in length.[32]

In the east, the route splits east of Whitechapel at an underground junction. The north-eastern branch, part of the TfL network since 2015, emerges to join the existing Great Eastern Main Line via Stratford to Shenfield. The south-eastern branch runs through Canary Wharf then emerges from the tunnel at Custom House on a disused part of the North London Line, and continues under the River Thames to Abbey Wood.

Western branches

[edit]
A western branch of the Elizabeth line will serve three stations at Heathrow Airport

Paddington station will be a major interchange for the Elizabeth Line. The main western section runs on the Great Western Main Line from Reading to Paddington. Existing stations were refurbished and upgraded, including the provision of step-free access at all stations and platform lengthening for the new, longer trains.[33]

A "dive-under" was constructed at Acton to allow passenger trains to pass slower freight trains leaving and entering a goods yard. It was completed in July 2016 and was brought into use in 2017.[34][35]

The Heathrow spur has three stations – Heathrow Terminals 2 & 3, Heathrow Terminal 4 and Heathrow Terminal 5.[29] It joins the main route at Airport Junction, between West Drayton and Hayes & Harlington. A flyover near Hayes & Harlington station will allow Heathrow Express trains to pass over the Elizabeth Line, avoiding delays caused by crossings.[36]

The Crossrail project had been planned to terminate at Maidenhead, with an extension to Reading safeguarded.[37] Various commentators advocated an extension further west as far as Reading because it was seen as complementary to the Great Western Electrification project which was announced in July 2009.[38] A Reading terminus was also recommended by Network Rail's 2011 Route Utilisation Strategy.[39] On 27 March 2014 it was announced that the line would indeed extend to Reading.[30][31][40]

Central section

[edit]
Map showing the geographic route of Crossrail (purple) alongside London Underground lines. The line runs alongside the Central line (orange) for much of the central section, and is expected to relieve pressure on it.

The central tunnels run from a portal just west of Paddington to Whitechapel, with further tunnelling to Stratford and to Canary Wharf.

There are new stations at Paddington, Bond Street, Tottenham Court Road, Farringdon, Liverpool Street and Whitechapel, with interchanges with London Underground and other National Rail services. The stations in the central section all have distinctive architecture at street level; at platform level stations have identical "kit-of-parts" architecture, including full height platform screen doors with integrated passenger information displays.[41]

Due to the size and positioning of the new platforms, Farringdon station will also be connected to Barbican station,[42] and Liverpool Street to Moorgate station.[43]

Eastern branches

[edit]

One of the two eastern sections runs underground from Whitechapel]] to Stratford, then on the surface on the existing main line. The service will replace the "Shenfield metro", with key stops at Ilford, Romford (for interchange with London Overground services to Upminster), Gidea Park (where some peak hour trains will start or terminate), and Shenfield.[44]

The other eastern branch runs underground from Whitechapel to Abbey Wood via Canary Wharf, Custom House and Woolwich. This branch takes over a stretch of the former North London line built by the Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway, and connects it with the North Kent Line via a tunnel under the Thames at North Woolwich.[41]

The Custom House to North Woolwich section involved a £50M investment to renovate and reuse the existing Connaught Tunnel[45][46]

Map

[edit]

Design and infrastructure

[edit]
Elizabeth line roundel
Elizabeth line roundel installed at Seven Kings in 2019

Name and identity

[edit]

Crossrail is the name of the construction project and of the limited company, wholly owned by TfL, that was formed to carry out construction works.[47][48]

The Elizabeth line is the name of the new service that will be seen on signage throughout the stations. It is named in honour of Queen Elizabeth II.[49][50] The Elizabeth line logo will feature a Transport for London roundel with a purple ring and blue bar with white text.

TfL Rail is an intermediate brand name which was introduced in May 2015. It is used by TfL on services between Paddington and Heathrow Terminal 5 and Reading, as well as trains between Liverpool Street and Shenfield.[51]

Tunnels

[edit]

21 km (13 miles) of twin-bore tunnels were constructed by tunnel boring machines (TBM), each with an internal diameter of 6.2 m (20 ft 4 in)[52] (compared with 3.81 m (12 ft 6 in) for the deep-level Victoria line). The wide-diameter tunnels allow for new Class 345 rolling stock, which is larger than the traditional deep-level tube trains. The tunnels allow for the emergency evacuation of passengers through the side doors rather than along the length of the train.

The tunnels are made up of three main sections: a 15.39 km (9.6 miles) tunnel from Royal Oak portal near Royal Oak station to Victoria Dock portal near Custom House station, a 2.72 km (1.7 miles) tunnel from Pudding Mill Lane portal connecting to the longer tunnel at an underground junction at Stepney Green cavern, and a separate 2.64 km (1.6 miles) tunnel from Plumstead to North Woolwich underneath the Thames.[53]

Crossrail has often been compared to Paris's RER system due to the length of the central tunnel.[54][55]

Stations

[edit]
Crossrail at Farringdon on a preview open day
Elizabeth line
All stations have step-free access
Legend
 Reading National Rail
Twyford National Rail
Maidenhead National Rail
North sign pointing rightward
River Thames
 Taplow
Burnham
Slough National Rail
Airport interchange Heathrow Express Piccadilly Line Heathrow T5
Langley
Airport interchange Heathrow T4
Iver
M25 motorway
Airport interchange Heathrow Express Heathrow T2&3
Greater London boundary
 West Drayton
Heathrow Rail Link
Great Western Main Line
 Hayes & Harlington
Southall
River Brent
 Hanwell
West Ealing National Rail
Ealing Broadway Central line (London Underground) District Line
Acton Main Line
National Rail Old Oak Common
(under construction)
Old Oak Common depot
Crossrail
Great Western Main Line
Royal Oak portal
National Rail Heathrow Express
Bakerloo Line Circle line (London Underground)
District Line Hammersmith & City Line
Paddington
enlarge…
 London Paddington
Central line (London Underground) Jubilee Line Bond Street
Central line (London Underground) Northern Line Tottenham Ct Rd
National Rail Circle line (London Underground) Hammersmith & City Line Metropolitan Line Farringdon
Barbican Circle line (London Underground) Hammersmith & City Line Metropolitan Line
Moorgate Northern Line Northern City Line
National Rail Lea Valley lines
Central line (London Underground) Circle line (London Underground)
Hammersmith & City Line Metropolitan Line
Liverpool St
East London line District Line Hammersmith & City Line Whitechapel
Crossrail
Great Eastern Main Line
Pudding Mill Lane portal[56]
Canary Wharf tube station Canary Wharf DLR station Canary Wharf
Stratford National Rail North London line Central line (London Underground) Jubilee Line Docklands Light Railway
Victoria Dock portal
Maryland
Docklands Light Railway Custom House
Forest Gate Wanstead Park railway station
Connaught tunnel
under Royal Docks
Manor Park
River Thames
Ilford
Woolwich Arsenal station Woolwich Arsenal station Woolwich
Seven Kings
National Rail Abbey Wood
Goodmayes
Safeguarded route
to Gravesend
Chadwell Heath
Romford Control Centre
and depot
Romford National Rail Romford–Upminster line
Gidea Park
Harold Wood
Greater London boundary
M25 motorway
 Brentwood
Shenfield National Rail

Ten new stations will be built in the central and south east sections of the line, and 31 existing stations will be upgraded and refurbished.[57] All stations will be fully equipped with CCTV[58] and, due to the length of the platforms, train indicators will be above the platform-edge doors in central stations.[59]

Although initially the trains will be 200 metres (660 feet) long, platforms at the new stations in the central core are built to enable 240-metre-long (790 ft) trains in case of possible future need. In the eastern section, Maryland and Manor Park will not have platform extensions, so trains will use selective door opening instead.[60] At Maryland this is because of the prohibitive cost of extensions and the poor business case,[61] and at Manor Park it is due to the presence of a freight loop that would otherwise be cut off.[62]

A mock-up of the new stations was built in Bedfordshire in 2011 to ensure that their architectural integrity would last for a century.[63] It was planned to bring at least one mock-up to London for the public to view the design and give feedback before final construction commenced.[59]

It was announced in July 2017 that Crossrail services would be extended to Heathrow Terminal 5, meaning that all Heathrow terminals will have a Crossrail service when the full service commences.[64] Trains between Paddington and Abbey Wood commence on 24 May 2022.[65][66]

Station Image TfL Rail/Elizabeth line service began Interchanges
Reading
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a] National Rail
Twyford
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a] National Rail
Maidenhead
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a] National Rail
Taplow
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a]
Burnham
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a]
Slough
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a] National Rail
Langley
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a]
Iver
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a]
West Drayton
15 December 2019 (2019-12-15)[a] National Rail
Terminal 5 Heathrow Airport
9 May 2020[a] Piccadilly Line
Terminal 4 Heathrow Airport
20 May 2018[a] Piccadilly Line
Terminal 2&3 Heathrow Airport
20 May 2018[a] Piccadilly Line
Hayes & Harlington
20 May 2018[a] National Rail
Southall
20 May 2018[a] National Rail
Hanwell
20 May 2018[a]
West Ealing
20 May 2018[a] National Rail
Ealing Broadway
20 May 2018[a] National Rail Central line (London Underground) District Line
Acton Main Line
20 May 2018[a]
Old Oak Common No image available yet Expected 2026 National Rail
Paddington
Main line station: 20 May 2018[a]
Elizabeth line station: Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) 		National Rail Bakerloo Line Circle line (London Underground) District Line Hammersmith & City Line
Bond Street No image available yet Not yet in operation (delayed)[67] Central line (London Underground) Jubilee Line
Tottenham Court Road No image available yet Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) Central line (London Underground) Northern Line
Farringdon
Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) National Rail Circle line (London Underground) Hammersmith & City Line Metropolitan Line
Liverpool Street
Main line station: 31 May 2015[a]
Elizabeth line station: Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) 		National Rail London Overground Central line (London Underground) Circle line (London Underground) Hammersmith & City Line Metropolitan Line Northern Line
Whitechapel No image available yet Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) London Overground District Line Hammersmith & City Line
Canary Wharf
Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) Jubilee Line Docklands Light Railway
Custom House
Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) Docklands Light Railway
Woolwich No image available yet Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) National Rail Docklands Light Railway
Abbey Wood No image available yet Not yet in operation (expected 24 May 2022) National Rail
Stratford
31 May 2015[a] National Rail London Overground Central line (London Underground) Jubilee Line Docklands Light Railway
Maryland
31 May 2015[a]
Forest Gate
31 May 2015[a] London Overground (from Wanstead Park)
Manor Park
31 May 2015[a]
Ilford
31 May 2015[a]
Seven Kings
31 May 2015[a]
Goodmayes
31 May 2015[a]
Chadwell Heath
31 May 2015[a]
Romford
31 May 2015[a] National Rail London Overground
Gidea Park
31 May 2015[a]
Harold Wood
31 May 2015[a]
Brentwood
31 May 2015[a]
Shenfield
31 May 2015[a] National Rail
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Service operating as TfL Rail

Handicapped/disabled access All 41 stations will be step-free, with 13 of these stations (the Central and Heathrow stations) having level access from the train to platforms.[68]

Planned

[edit]
Main article: Old Oak Common railway station

As part of the High Speed 2 (HS2) rail link from London to Birmingham, a new station would be built at Old Oak Common between Paddington and Acton Main Line station.[69] The new station would connect HS2 services with Crossrail and National Rail services on the Great Western Main Line, as well as London Overground services running through the area.[70] The station would open with High Speed 2 in 2026, with preliminary construction beginning in 2019.[71]

Rolling stock

[edit]
Main article: British Rail Class 345
Class 345 trains at the Paddington terminus in 2018

Crossrail will operate the Class 345 trains. These are currently being used on the two interim TfL rail branches that will later become part of the Elizabeth line when it opens in May 2022.[72][65] The requirement was for 65 trains, each 200 metres (660 feet) long and carrying up to 1,500 passengers.[72] The trains are accessible, including dedicated areas for wheelchairs, with audio and visual announcements, CCTV and speaker-phones connected to the driver in case of emergency.[73] They will run at up to 140 km/h (90 mph) on certain parts of the route.[74]

In March 2011, Crossrail announced that five bidders had been shortlisted for the contract to build the Class 345 and its associated depot.[75] One of the bidders, Alstom, withdrew from the process in July 2011. In February 2012, Crossrail issued an invitation to negotiate to CAF, Siemens, Hitachi and Bombardier, with tenders expected to be submitted by mid-2012.[76] In 2013, Siemens also withdrew from the bid, but will provide signalling and control systems for Crossrail.[77] In December 2013, the European Investment Bank (EIB) agreed to provide loans to Transport for London for the rolling stock of up to £500M.[78] On 6 February 2014, it was announced that Canada's Bombardier had been awarded a £1bn contract to supply 66 trains,[3][79] with an option for 18 more.[3]

The first train entered service on 22 June 2017 on the current TfL Rail route between London Liverpool Street and Shenfield as a seven-carriage unit,[80] since, before the platforms were lengthened,[81] the complete nine-car sets could not be accommodated at Liverpool Street station.[82]

In July 2017 an option for five more units was exercised taking the order to 70 units.[83][better source needed]

 Class Image Type  Top speed  Carriages  Number  Routes operated  Built  Years in operation
 mph   km/h 
Class 345 Aventra EMU 90 145 7 or 9 70 2015–2019 June 2017–present

Electrification and signalling

[edit]

Crossrail will use 25 kV, 50 Hz AC overhead lines, already in use on the Great Eastern and Great Western Main Lines.

The Heathrow branch started using the European Train Control System (ETCS) in 2020. The Automatic Warning (AWS) and Train Protection & Warning (TPWS) systems are used on the Great Western and Great Eastern Main Lines, with possible later upgrades to ETCS. Communications-based train control (CBTC) is installed in the central section and the Abbey Wood branch.[84][85][86]

Depots

[edit]

Crossrail will have depots in west London at Old Oak Common TMD, in south-east London at Plumstead Depot, and in east London at Ilford EMU Depot and at a new signalling centre at Romford in Havering, East London.[87][88]

Services

[edit]
Further information: TfL Rail
Map of Transport for London services including TfL Rail and Elizabeth line

Once fully opened, the Elizabeth line will run a familiar London Underground-style all-stops service in the central core section and eastern branches, but initial timetable plans suggest that several trains on the western branches will run semi-fast. Initial proposals suggest Acton Main Line, West Ealing and Hanwell will be served only by Heathrow T4-bound trains.

Like the outer sections of Thameslink, the Elizabeth line will share platforms and tracks with other services outside the tunnelled sections. Some run by other train companies will continue to call at various stations on the Great Western Main Line branch, and Heathrow Express will continue to run between Paddington and Heathrow stations.

The indicative timetable consists of the following services on the Elizabeth line during peak hours: there will be 24 trains per hour (tph) in each direction in the central section (Paddington to Whitechapel): of these, 12 will run between Shenfield and Paddington, 6 will run between Abbey Wood and Heathrow, and 6 between Abbey Wood and either Reading or Maidenhead. Some trains on the Reading/Maidenhead branch will not stop at all stations.[89][90][91] Therefore, travel between stations west of Paddington to/from the north-eastern branch will require leaving the train in the central section and a short wait for the next train. Also, travel between Hanwell, West Ealing or Acton Main Line to/from the Reading branch will require a change at Hayes & Harlington.

The north-eastern section via Stratford is expected to see an additional four trains per hour (tph) during peak times between Gidea Park and the existing main line Liverpool Street station's high level terminating platforms. Since these trains run over existing above-ground lines from Liverpool Street to Stratford, they will not call at Whitechapel.

Timeline

[edit]

Though the main tunnels under central London have not yet been opened, passenger operations on the outer branches of the Crossrail system have been transferred to TfL for inclusion in the Crossrail concession - this took place over several stages beginning May 2015. During this initial phase of operation, services are being operated by MTR under the TfL Rail brand. Following the practice adopted during the transfer of former Silverlink services to London Overground in 2007, TfL will carry out a deep clean of stations and trains on the future Elizabeth line route, install new ticket machines and barriers, introduce Oyster card and contactless payment, and ensure all stations are staffed. Existing rolling stock has been rebranded with the TfL Rail identity.[47]

TfL Rail/Elizabeth line services
Stage Map Completion dates Notes Completed?
Original Current Actual
0 Map of the first phase of Crossrail 2015 May 2015[92] 31 May 2015[93] Existing "metro" service between Liverpool Street (main line station) and Shenfield transferred from Abellio Greater Anglia to TfL Rail Yes
1 British Rail Class 345 May 2017[92] 22 June 2017[94] Class 345 trains start running between Liverpool Street and Shenfield in reduced length format[95] Yes
2a[96] Map of the 2nd phase of Crossrail in 2018 May 2018[92] 20 May 2018[97] Existing service between Paddington (main line station) and Heathrow Terminal 4 transferred from Heathrow Connect

Existing shuttle service between Heathrow Terminals 2 & 3 and Heathrow Terminal 4 transferred from Heathrow Express, both to TfL Rail

Yes
5a[98] Map of Crossrail with Reading section N/A 15 December 2019[99] Most stopping services between Paddington and Reading transferred from Great Western Railway to TfL Rail, operating up to 4tph
The first TfL trains in public service to Reading ran on 25 November 2019 as a soft launch of the service.[100] 		Yes
2b[96] British Rail Class 345 May 2018[92] 30 July 2020[101] Class 345 trains start running between Paddington and Heathrow Yes
4a[102] British Rail Class 345 N/A 26 May 2021[103] Class 345 trains in full length format start running between Liverpool Street and Shenfield[103] Yes
3 Map of the 3rd phase of Crossrail 2018 Dec 2018[92] 24 May 2022[65] Services between Paddington (Elizabeth line station) and Abbey Wood begin; this section and existing TfL Rail routes rebranded as the Elizabeth line, up to 12tph No
5b Map of the 5th phase of Crossrail 2019 N/A Approx 2022[104] Elizabeth line services between Paddington and Shenfield via Whitechapel and Liverpool Street (Elizabeth line station) as well as Elizabeth line services between Reading / Heathrow and Abbey Wood via Paddington begin. The two services are operated in parallel, sharing the central tunnel. No
5c Map of the 5th phase of Crossrail 2019 Dec 2019[92] May

2023

Full route opens, linking Abbey Wood and Shenfield to Heathrow Airport via Paddington

Existing services between Reading and Paddington extended to Abbey Wood and Shenfield

No

Journey times

[edit]
Minutes between stations[105]
Route Current time Crossrail time
Paddington to Tottenham Court Road 20 4
Paddington to Canary Wharf 34 17
Bond Street to Paddington 15 3
Bond Street to Whitechapel 24 10
Canary Wharf to Liverpool Street 21 6
Canary Wharf to Heathrow 55 39
Whitechapel to Canary Wharf 13 3
Abbey Wood to Heathrow 93 52

Ticketing

[edit]

Ticketing is intended to be integrated with the other London transport systems, but Oyster pay as you go will not be accepted on the western section between West Drayton (the limit of TfL's Zone 6) and Reading, with only contactless cards valid there. Travelcards and concessionary passes will be valid within Greater London. Like TfL Rail's Heathrow service (formerly Heathrow Connect), trips to or from Heathrow Airport will be priced at a premium owing to the additional cost of using the rail tunnel between the airport and Hayes & Harlington, but Heathrow will be included within travelcards and daily/weekly fare capping as a Zone 6 station.[106] Crossrail will be integrated with the Underground and National Rail networks, and it is planned to include it on the standard London Underground Map.[citation needed]

Passenger numbers

[edit]

Crossrail has predicted annual passenger numbers of over 200 million from its opening;[107] this is expected to relieve pressure on London Underground's lines, especially the Central line.[108] Farringdon is expected to become one of the busiest stations in the UK, due to it being the key interchange station with Thameslink services.[109] Once Crossrail is fully open, TfL expects total annual revenues from the line of nearly £500 million per year in 2022/23 (its first full year of operation) and over £1 billion per year from 2024/25.[107]

Further proposals

[edit]

Additional stations

[edit]
The Elizabeth line will pass close to London City Airport but no station is currently planned

Silvertown (London City Airport)

[edit]

Although the Crossrail route passes very close to London City Airport, there will not be a station serving the airport directly. London City Airport has proposed the re-opening of Silvertown railway station, in order to create an interchange between the rail line and the airport.[110] The self-funded £50m station plan is supported 'in principle' by the London Borough of Newham.[111] Provisions for re-opening of the station were made in 2012 by Crossrail.[112] However, it is alleged by the airport that Transport for London is hostile to the idea of a station on the site, a claim disputed by TfL.[113]

In 2018, the airport's chief development officer described the lack of a Crossrail station as a "missed opportunity", but did not rule out a future station for the airport.[114] The CEO stated in an interview that a station is not essential to the airport's success.[115] In May 2019, the chief development officer confirmed discussions are ongoing about a station for the airport as part of the proposed extension to Ebbsfleet.[116]

Extensions

[edit]
Possible Crossrail extensions as recommended in the 2011 RUS[117]

To Ebbsfleet and Gravesend

[edit]

In the 2003 and 2004 consultations into Crossrail, the South East branch was proposed to go beyond Abbey Wood, running along the North Kent Line to Ebbsfleet, linking up with the (then under construction) Channel Tunnel Rail Link.[118][119] However, prior to the submission of the Crossrail Hybrid Bill to Parliament in 2005, the branch was truncated at Abbey Wood to cut overall project costs.[120] Although dropped from the main scheme, the route was safeguarded by the Department for Transport as far as Gravesend and Hoo Junction, protecting the route from development.[121]

With the Crossrail project nearing completion in 2018, local MPs, council leaders and local businesses began lobbying[122] the government to fund the development of a business case for the extension to Ebbsfleet,[123][124] with the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan including the project into his Mayor's Transport Strategy.[125] The Mayor's Transport Strategy estimated that an extension could assist in delivering 55,000 new homes and 50,000 new jobs planned along the route in Bexley and north Kent.[126] In March 2019, the Government committed £4.8m on exploratory work into the extension as part of the Thames Estuary 2050 Growth Commission.[127][120]

The following stations are on the protected route extension to Gravesend: Belvedere, Erith, Slade Green, Dartford, Stone Crossing, Greenhithe for Bluewater, Swanscombe, Ebbsfleet, Northfleet, and Gravesend.[128]

To the West Coast Main Line

[edit]

Network Rail's July 2011 London & South East Route Utilisation Strategy (RUS) recommended that a short railway line could be built to connect the West Coast Main Line (WCML) with the Crossrail route. This would enable train services that currently run between Milton Keynes Central and London Euston to be re-routed via Old Oak Common to serve central London, Shenfield and Abbey Wood. The report argued that this would free up capacity at Euston for the planned High Speed 2, reduce London Underground congestion at Euston, make better use of Crossrail's capacity west of Paddington, and improve access to Heathrow Airport from the north.[129] Under this scheme, all Crossrail trains would continue west of Paddington, instead of some of them terminating there. They would serve Heathrow Airport (10 tph), stations to Maidenhead and Reading (6 tph), and stations to Milton Keynes Central (8 tph).[130]

In August 2014, a statement by transport secretary Patrick McLoughlin indicated that the government was actively evaluating the extension of Crossrail as far as Tring and Milton Keynes Central, with potential Crossrail stops at Wembley Central, Harrow & Wealdstone, Bushey, Watford Junction, Kings Langley, Apsley, Hemel Hempstead, Berkhamsted, Tring, Cheddington, Leighton Buzzard and Bletchley. The extension would relieve some pressure from London Underground and London Euston station while also increasing connectivity. Conditions to the extension were that any extra services should not affect the planned service pattern for confirmed routes, as well as affordability.[131][132] This proposal was shelved in August 2016 due to "poor overall value for money to the taxpayer".[133]

To Staines

[edit]

As part of the Heathrow Southern Railway scheme proposed in 2017, the western extent of the Crossrail route could be extended beyond Heathrow Airport to terminate at Staines. This extension would form part of a wider scheme to create new rail links in west London and Surrey serving Heathrow, and would require the construction of an extra platform at Staines station. This proposal has not been approved or funded.[134]

To Southend Airport

[edit]

Stobart Aviation, the company that operates Southend Airport in Essex, has proposed that Crossrail should be extended beyond Shenfield along the Shenfield–Southend line to serve Southend Airport and Southend Victoria. The company has suggested that a direct Heathrow-Southend link could alleviate capacity problems at Heathrow.[135] The extension proposal has been supported by Southend-on-Sea City Council.[136]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Citations

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General and cited sources

[edit]
Preceded by Operator of MTR Crossrail
2015–2023 		Incumbent
Preceded by
Preceded by


Category:Heathrow Airport transport proposals Category:London Rail Crossrail 1 Category:Rail infrastructure in London Category:Railway operators in London Category:Underground commuter rail
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