Portal:1970s

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P:1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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The Godfather is a 1972 American epic gangster film directed by Francis Ford Coppola, who co-wrote the screenplay with Mario Puzo, based on Puzo's best-selling 1969 novel. The film stars an ensemble cast including Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Caan, Richard Castellano, Robert Duvall, Sterling Hayden, John Marley, Richard Conte and Diane Keaton. It is the first installment in The Godfather trilogy, chronicling the Corleone family under patriarch Vito Corleone (Brando) from 1945 to 1955. It focuses on the transformation of his youngest son, Michael Corleone (Pacino), from reluctant family outsider to ruthless mafia boss.

Paramount Pictures obtained the rights to the novel for $80,000, before it gained popularity. Studio executives had trouble finding a director; the first few candidates turned down the position before Coppola signed on to direct the film but disagreement followed over casting several characters, in particular Vito (Brando) and Michael (Pacino). Filming took place primarily in locations around New York City and Sicily, and it was completed ahead of schedule. The score was composed principally by Nino Rota, with additional pieces by Carmine Coppola. (Full article...)

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... that in the 1970s, residents of the Belnord in New York City had to sneak in refrigerators at night?
... that in the 1970s, the Shelton Hotel avoided demolition after seven elderly residents and a secretary refused to move out?
... that the manga series Sora ga Suki! depicted two male characters kissing each other although it was a taboo for manga in the 1970s?
... that American teenagers of the 1960s and 1970s used to chat and arrange dates over the sound of the busy signal?
... that health economist Selma Mushkin estimated in the early 1970s that up to 50 percent of poor children in Washington, D.C., were affected by lead poisoning?
... that the Indian director Manhar Raskapur's films Mulu Manek and Kadu Makrani were both remade during the 1970s?

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Official portrait, 1977

John Malcolm Fraser AC CH GCL PC (/ˈfreɪzər/; 21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983. He held office as the leader of the Liberal Party of Australia.

Fraser was raised on his father's sheep stations, and after studying at Magdalen College, Oxford, returned to Australia to take over the family property in the Western District of Victoria. After an initial defeat in 1954, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives at the 1955 federal election, as a member of parliament (MP) for the division of Wannon. He was 25 at the time, making him one of the youngest people ever elected to parliament. He is the latest Prime Minister to date who represented a rural constituency. When Harold Holt became prime minister in 1966, Fraser was appointed Minister for the Army. After Holt's disappearance and replacement by John Gorton, Fraser became Minister for Education and Science (1968–1969) and then Minister for Defence (1969–1971). In 1971, Fraser resigned from cabinet and denounced Gorton as "unfit to hold the great office of prime minister"; this precipitated the replacement of Gorton with William McMahon. He subsequently returned to his old education and science portfolio. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 2AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 3Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 4Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 5Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 6Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 7An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 8Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 9Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 10America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 111979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)
Image 12The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 13Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 14Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 15Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 16Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 17Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 18Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 19Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 20Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 21A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 221970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 23The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 24King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 25British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 26Aerosmith had seven studio albums chart on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s. Their success in the decade, particularly of their albums Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), helped inspire future rock artists such as Slash and Kurt Cobain (from 1970s in music)
Image 27Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 28Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 29Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 30 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 31Diane von Fürstenberg's wrap dress, designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 32Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 33Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 34Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 35The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 36Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 37Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 38Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 39A couple at prom in late 1970s: Powder Tuxedo and sleeved dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 40African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 41Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 42Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 43Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 44Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 45Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 46British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 47Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 48TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 49Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 50Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 51Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 52The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 53El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 54The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 55Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 56American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 57The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 58Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 59John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 60Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 61Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 62Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 63Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 64Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 65Queen, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 66A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 67Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 68Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 69United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 70Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 71Pakistan Army General A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 72Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 73Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 74Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 75English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 76Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 77The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 78Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 791973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 80American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 81Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 82Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 83British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 84British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 851974 Ford Mustang interior (from 1970s)
Image 861976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz (from 1970s in video games)
Image 87Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 88Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 89Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 90Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 91Dave Schultz won Stanley Cup two times (from 1970s)
Image 92David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 93Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 94Microvision (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 95Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 96Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 97Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 98The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 99In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 100Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 101VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 102By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 103Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 104Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 105Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 106Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 107Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 108Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 109Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 110Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 111Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 112Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 113Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 114Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 115Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 116Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 117Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 118Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 119A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 120The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 121Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 122Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 123In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 124Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 125Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 126Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)

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