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Ontario County, New York

Coordinates: 42°51′N 77°17′W / 42.85°N 77.29°W / 42.85; -77.29
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Not to be confused with Ontario, New York.

42°51′N 77°17′W / 42.85°N 77.29°W / 42.85; -77.29

Ontario County is a county in the U.S. State of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,458.[1] The county seat is Canandaigua.[2] The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Ontario County
County
Ontario County Courthouse in Canandaigua, 2014
Ontario County Courthouse in Canandaigua, 2014
Flag of Ontario County
Flag
Official seal of Ontario County
Seal
Map of New York highlighting Ontario County
Location within the U.S. state of New York
Map of the United States highlighting New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 42°51′N 77°17′W / 42.85°N 77.29°W / 42.85; -77.29
Country United States
State New York
Founded1789
Named forLake Ontario
SeatCanandaigua
Largest cityGeneva
Area
 • Total
663 sq mi (1,720 km2)
 • Land644 sq mi (1,670 km2)
 • Water18 sq mi (50 km2)  2.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
112,458
 • Density169/sq mi (65/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district24th
Websitewww.ontariocountyny.gov

Ontario County is part of the Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In 2006, Progressive Farmer rated Ontario County as the "Best Place to Live" in the U.S., for its "great schools, low crime, excellent health care" and its proximity to Rochester.

History

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This area was long controlled by the Seneca people, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, or Haudenosaunee. They were forced to cede most of their land to the United States after the American Revolutionary War.

When the English established counties in New York Province in 1683, they designated Albany County as including all the northern part of New York State, the present State of Vermont, and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. On July 3, 1766 Cumberland County was organized, and on March 16, 1770 Gloucester County was founded, both containing territory now included in the state of Vermont. The English claims were their assertion; the Five and then Six Nations of the Iroquois occupied and controlled most of the territory in central and western New York until after the Revolutionary War.

As New York was more heavily settled in the 18th century, the colonial government organized additional counties, but European settlement did not proceed very far west past Little Falls, New York, about halfway through the Mohawk Valley, until after the revolutionary war. This area was ostensibly part of Montgomery County, renamed after the war for an American officer. Seth Read, a Colonel in the Battle of Bunker Hill, moved here with his family as a pioneer between 1787 and 1795. See also Geneva (town), New York.[3]

Land-hungry settlers from New England swept into upstate and western New York after the Revolution, as nearly five million acres of new lands were available for purchase since the Iroquois were forced to cede most of their territories to the United States. Four tribes had allied with the British and were mostly resettled in Canada: the Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca and Cayuga.

Transfer of what is now Ontario County to New York formally took effect in 1789, when native title was extinguished, and the county was formally established to govern the lands of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase the year prior. The territory first organized as Ontario County was much larger than at present and ran south from the shore of Lake Ontario. As the area was settled, new counties were organized. The following counties were rapidly organized from this territory in the first decades after the war: Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara, Orleans, Steuben, Wyoming, and Yates counties, and parts of Schuyler and Wayne counties.

In 1796, Ontario County was divided and Steuben County was organized. In 1802, Ontario County was reduced when Genesee County was split off. The new county was originally very large, including the present Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Niagara, Orleans and Wyoming Counties and parts of Livingston and Monroe counties.

In 1821, portions of Genesee County were combined with portions of Ontario County to create Livingston and Monroe counties.

In 1823, a portion of Seneca County was combined with a portion of Ontario County to create Wayne County. The same year, a portion of Steuben County was combined with a portion of Ontario County to create Yates County.

Great Awakening

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This frontier area was part of the evangelistic activities during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century, when Baptist, Methodist and Congregational preachers traveled and organized revivals and camp meetings. In addition, independent sects developed in central and western New York during this period, including the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, the Shakers and the Universal Friends.

Latter Day Saint movement

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Home of the Joseph Smith, Sr. family in Manchester, known as the "frame home".
See also: History of the Latter Day Saint movement

Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, lived in Manchester in the 1820s on the border with Palmyra. Several events in the early history of the movement occurred in Ontario County. Hill Cumorah in Manchester is where Smith said he discovered the Golden plates said to contain the writings later known as the Book of Mormon. Smith visited the hill each year on the fall equinox (September 22) between 1823 and 1827, and claimed to be instructed by the Angel Moroni. Smith said he was finally permitted to take the record on September 22, 1827. He published the Book of Mormon in Palmyra in 1830. The 110-foot (34 m) hill (which was then unnamed) is on the main road toward Canandaigua from Palmyra to Manchester (modern State Route 21); it was a few miles from Joseph Smith's home.

Since the 1930s the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has held the Hill Cumorah Pageant annually here. It regularly attracts thousands to its performances.[4] The church also maintains a visitors' center at the hill, the Palmyra New York Temple, and the former Smith property and homes. The latter property straddles the border between Ontario and Wayne counties.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 663 square miles (1,720 km2), of which 644 square miles (1,670 km2) is land and 18 square miles (47 km2) (2.8%) is water.[5]

Ontario County is in western New York State, east of Buffalo, southeast of Rochester, and northwest of Ithaca. The county is within the Finger Lakes Region of the state.

Adjacent counties

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Major highways

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Government and politics

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United States presidential election results for Ontario County, New York[6]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 28,782 48.54% 28,749 48.48% 1,769 2.98%
2016 26,029 49.55% 22,233 42.33% 4,265 8.12%
2012 23,820 49.78% 23,087 48.25% 946 1.98%
2008 25,171 49.34% 25,103 49.20% 746 1.46%
2004 27,999 55.88% 21,166 42.24% 945 1.89%
2000 23,885 51.98% 19,761 43.01% 2,303 5.01%
1996 17,237 41.60% 19,156 46.23% 5,046 12.18%
1992 18,995 42.32% 16,064 35.79% 9,830 21.90%
1988 21,780 55.23% 17,341 43.97% 314 0.80%
1984 24,507 65.36% 12,844 34.26% 143 0.38%
1980 17,036 47.98% 14,477 40.77% 3,993 11.25%
1976 21,118 59.59% 14,044 39.63% 279 0.79%
1972 23,828 68.23% 11,012 31.53% 81 0.23%
1968 17,114 56.86% 11,719 38.94% 1,265 4.20%
1964 10,847 35.24% 19,922 64.72% 15 0.05%
1960 19,654 61.55% 12,251 38.37% 26 0.08%
1956 22,317 74.30% 7,719 25.70% 0 0.00%
1952 21,659 71.15% 8,763 28.79% 18 0.06%
1948 16,156 63.51% 8,852 34.80% 431 1.69%
1944 16,859 63.95% 9,437 35.80% 68 0.26%
1940 18,932 67.23% 9,110 32.35% 120 0.43%
1936 17,812 65.45% 8,787 32.29% 616 2.26%
1932 15,624 61.71% 9,273 36.62% 423 1.67%
1928 17,769 65.27% 8,491 31.19% 965 3.54%
1924 15,013 66.66% 5,933 26.34% 1,577 7.00%
1920 13,361 66.20% 5,678 28.13% 1,145 5.67%
1916 7,491 56.82% 5,286 40.10% 406 3.08%
1912 4,897 39.88% 4,734 38.55% 2,648 21.57%
1908 8,245 58.73% 5,484 39.06% 311 2.22%
1904 8,184 59.36% 5,283 38.32% 321 2.33%
1900 7,707 56.46% 5,641 41.33% 302 2.21%
1896 7,506 56.30% 5,485 41.14% 341 2.56%
1892 6,319 50.10% 5,376 42.62% 919 7.29%
1888 6,957 53.15% 5,753 43.95% 379 2.90%
1884 6,382 51.53% 5,643 45.56% 361 2.91%

The county is governed by an elected Board of Supervisors, and uses the Board-Administrator system, hiring a professional County Administrator. The Board of Supervisors has twenty-one members: one is elected from each Town, two from the city of Canandaigua and three from the city of Geneva. As of 2004, the county government has over 800 full-time employees (augmented by another 360 seasonal or available part-time workers), and a budget of $136 million.

The county is similar in its politics to much of the rest of rural upstate New York; its voters have tended to support Republican presidential candidates ever since that party was formed, and before that they supported the Whig Party.

However, beginning in the 1990s, the Democratic Party began to improve its performance in Ontario County thanks to the growth of Rochester's outer suburbs in areas such as Victor and Farmington. In 1996, Ontario County voted for the Democratic presidential candidate for the first time since 1964 and only the second time since the Whig Party contested its first presidential election in 1836. In 2008, John McCain narrowly edged a victory over Barack Obama by less than one percent, and in 2012 Obama narrowly lost the county to Republican nominee Mitt Romney by a margin of 1.5 percent. In 2016, Republican nominee Donald Trump of New York City won the county by 7.3 percent over Democratic nominee and former United States Secretary of State / former Senator from New York Hillary Clinton of Chappaqua, New York. In 2020, Democrat Joe Biden came incredibly close, losing the county to Trump by just 33 votes.

State and federal government

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Office District Area of the county Officeholder Party First took office Residence
Congressman New York's 24th congressional district All[7] Claudia Tenney Republican 2020 Canandaigua
State Senator 54th State Senate District Roughly, the northeast corner of the county (Towns of Canandaigua, Farmington, Geneva, Gorham, Hopewell, Manchester, Phelps, Seneca)[8] Pam Helming Republican 2017 Canandaigua, Ontario County
State Senator 55th State Senate District All of the county not covered by the 54th district (Towns of Bristol, Canadice, East Bloomfield, Naples, Richmond, South Bristol, Victor, West Bloomfield)[9] Rich Funke Republican 2015 Fairport, Monroe County
State Assemblyman 131st State Assembly District All[10] Jeff L. Gallahan Republican 2021 Ontario County

Ontario County is part of:

Economy

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According to the 2022 Census of Agriculture, Ontario County ranked fourth in New York for acres of berries grown.[11] Farmers in the county reported berries grown on 220 acres that year.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
17901,075—
180015,2181,315.6%
181042,032176.2%
182088,267110.0%
183040,288−54.4%
184043,5018.0%
185043,9291.0%
186044,5631.4%
187045,1081.2%
188049,5419.8%
189048,453−2.2%
190049,6052.4%
191052,2865.4%
192052,6520.7%
193054,2763.1%
194055,3071.9%
195060,1728.8%
196068,07013.1%
197078,84915.8%
198088,90912.8%
199095,1017.0%
2000100,2245.4%
2010108,0857.8%
2020112,4584.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790-1960[13] 1900-1990[14]
1990-2000[15] 2010-2020[1]

As of the census[16] of 2000, there were 100,224 people, 38,370 households, and 26,360 families residing in the county. The population density was 156 inhabitants per square mile (60/km2). There were 42,647 housing units at an average density of 66 units per square mile (25/km2). According to respondents' self-identification, the racial makeup of the county was 95.04% White, 2.06% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.70% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.14% of the population. Based on self-identification, 17.9% were of German, 14.9% Irish, 14.8% English, 13.8% Italian, 7.3% American and 5.1% Dutch ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.6% spoke English and 2.3% Spanish as their first language.

There were 38,370 households, out of which 32.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.00% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.30% were non-families. 24.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 28.40% from 25 to 44, 24.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $44,579, and the median income for a family was $52,698. Males had a median income of $36,732 versus $26,139 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,533. About 4.90% of families and 7.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.10% of those under age 18 and 6.40% of those age 65 or over.

2020 Census

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Ontario County Racial Composition[17]
Race Num. Perc.
White (NH) 97,397 86.61%
Black or African American (NH) 2,439 2.2%
Native American (NH) 197 0.2%
Asian (NH) 1,374 1.2%
Pacific Islander (NH) 23 0.02%
Other/Mixed (NH) 4,915 4.4%
Hispanic or Latino 6,113 5.43%

Communities

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Larger settlements

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# Location Population Type Sector
1 ‡Geneva 13,261 City East
2 †Canandaigua 10,545 City West
3 Victor 2,696 Village West
4 Clifton Springs 2,127 Village East
5 Phelps 1,989 Village East
6 Manchester 1,709 Village East
7 Shortsville 1,439 Village East
8 Bloomfield 1,361 Village West
9 Naples 1,041 Village South
10 ‡Rushville 655 Village East
11 Crystal Beach 644 Hamlet East
12 Honeoye 579 CDP South
13 Port Gibson 453 CDP East
14 Hall 216 CDP East
- Gorham N/A CDP East

† - County Seat

‡ - Not Wholly in this County

Towns

[edit]

Hamlets

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Bibliography
  • Turner, Eramus (1909). Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase of Western New York. Volume II.
Notes
  1. ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Ontario County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ Turner, p.319
  4. ^ "A History Lesson". The Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. July 8, 2001.
  5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  6. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  7. ^ W, Eric (April 2, 2012). "Congressional District 27" (PDF). View 2012 Congressional Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  8. ^ W, Eric (March 2, 2012). "Senate District 54" (PDF). View 2012 Senate District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  9. ^ W, Eric (March 2, 2012). "Senate District 55" (PDF). View 2012 Senate District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  10. ^ W, Eric (January 25, 2012). "Assembly District 131" (PDF). View Proposed 2012 Assembly District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  11. ^ "USDA/NASS QuickStats Ad-hoc Query Tool". quickstats.nass.usda.gov. Retrieved August 13, 2024.
  12. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  13. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  14. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  15. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  16. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  17. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Ontario County, New York".

Further reading

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