List of suffragists and suffragettes
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This list of suffragists and suffragettes includes noted individuals active in the worldwide women's suffrage movement who have campaigned or strongly advocated for women's suffrage, the organisations which they formed or joined, and the publications which publicized – and, in some nations, continue to publicize– their goals. Suffragists and suffragettes, often members of different groups and societies, used or use differing tactics. Australians called themselves "suffragists" during the nineteenth century while the term "suffragette" was adopted in the earlier twentieth century by some British groups after it was coined as a dismissive term in a newspaper article.[1][2][3][4][5] "Suffragette" in the British or Australian usage can sometimes denote a more "militant" type of campaigner,[6] while suffragists in the United States organized such nonviolent events as the Suffrage Hikes, the Woman Suffrage Procession of 1913, the Silent Sentinels, and the Selma to Montgomery march. US and Australian activists most often preferred to be called suffragists, though both terms were occasionally used.[7]
Africa
[edit]Egypt
[edit]- Regina Khayatt (1881–?) – educator, philanthropist, feminist, suffragist, and temperance worker; co-founder of the Egyptian Feminist Union (EFU)
- Saiza Nabarawi (1897–1985) – journalist and attendee of the 9th Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
- Doria Shafik (1908–1975) – feminist, poet and editor who went on an eight-day hunger strike at Egypt's press syndicate in protest of the creation of a constitutional committee without any women
- Huda Sha'arawi (1879–1947) – feminist, activist, nationalist, revolutionary, co-founder of the EFU
Nigeria
[edit]- Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (1900–1978) – educator and activist who fought for women's enfranchisement and political representation[8]
- Gambo Sawaba (1933–2001) - widely regarded as the pioneer of fighting for the liberation of northern women[9]
- Tanimowo Ogunlesi - co-founder of the National Council of Women's Societies[10]
- Wuraola Esan (1909–1985) - educator and advocate for women in traditional and legislative spaces
South Africa
[edit]- Annie Botha (1864–1937) – political hostess, wife of the first Prime Minister of South Africa and suffragist, co-founder of the South African Women's Federation[11]
- Zainunnisa Gool (1897–1963) – lawyer and civil rights activist, and after white women only were granted the vote in 1930, founder of the League for the Enfranchisement of Non-European Women in 1938[12]
- Anna Petronella van Heerden (1887–1975) – campaigned for women's suffrage in the 1920s and the first Afrikaner woman to qualify as a medical doctor[13]
- Mary Emma Macintosh (died 1916) – suffragist and the first President of the Women's Enfranchisement Association of the Union[14]
- Mabel Malherbe (1879–1964) – suffragist and politician, first woman mayor of Pretoria and first woman to be a member of the South African Parliament
- Charlotte Maxeke (1871–1939) – religious leader, suffragist and the first black South African woman to graduate from a university, founded the Bantu Women’s League
- Jessie Rose-Innes (1860–1943) – nurse, social campaigner and suffragist of British descent, elected chair of the Cape Town branch of the National Council for Women[15]
- Olive Schreiner (1855–1920) – writer, suffragist and co-founder of the Cape Women's Enfranchisement League,[16] left the Women's Enfranchisement League (WEL) when they refused to support the vote for black African women
- Jessie M. Soga (1870–1954) – singer, music teacher and suffragist
- Julia Solly (1862–1953) – British-born South African feminist, temperance activist and suffragist who co-founded Cape Women's Enfranchisement League and helped acquire the vote for white women only in 1930
- Daisy Solomon (1882–1978) – suffragist who campaigned in South Africa and Britain,[17] daughter of Georgiana Solomon
- Emilie Solomon (1859–1939) – suffragist and president of the Cape Woman's Christian Temperance Union, niece of Georgiana Solomon
- Georgiana Solomon (1844–1933) – Scottish-born educator and suffragist, co-founder of the South African Women's Federation[11]
- Lady Barbara Steel (1857–1943) – suffragist and member of the Women's Enfranchisement Association of the Union,[18] helped acquire the vote for white women only in 1930
Asia
[edit]China
[edit]- Lin Zongsu (Chinese: 林宗素; 1878–1944) – journalist and founder of the first organization in China seeking women's enfranchisement, the Women's Suffrage Comrades Alliance (Chinese: 女子参政同志会)
- Tang Qunying (Chinese: 唐群英; 1871–1937) – co-founder and chairwoman of the Women's Suffrage Alliance (Chinese: 女子参政同盟会) and founder of Women’s Rights Daily, Hunan's first newspaper for women
- Wang Changguo (Chinese: 王昌國; 1880–1949) – co-founder of the Women's Suffrage Alliance (Chinese: 女子参政同盟会) and promoter of Hunan Changsha Women's National Association
- Zhang Hanying (Chinese: 張漢英; 1872–1915) – co-founder of the Women's Suffrage Alliance (Chinese: 女子参政同盟会)
- Zhang Mojun (Chinese: 張默君; 1884–1965) – military commander, suffragist,[19] and the first female member of the Kuomintang Central Committee
India
[edit]- Annie Besant (1847–1933) – British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer, orator, educationist, philanthropist
- Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (1903–1988) – secretary of the All-India Women's Conference (AIWC) and the first woman to run for a legislative seat in India
- Margaret "Gretta" Cousins (1878–1954) – Irish-Indian suffragist, founder of the All India Women's Conference and co-founder of the Irish Women's Franchise League
- Amrit Kaur (1887–1964) – political activist and politician who testified before the Lothian Committee on universal Indian franchise and constitutional reforms[20]
- Sheroo Keeka (1921–2006) – campaigned for 'Votes for Married Women' and chair of the Dodoma branch of the Tanganyika Council of Women
- Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949) – political activist and poet who became the first Indian woman to be president of the Indian National Congress[21]
- Lakshmibai Rajwade (1887–1984) – medical doctor, family planning advocate and committee member and secretary of the All India Women's Conference
- Hannah Sen (1894–1957) – politician and co-founder of the Indo-British Mutual Welfare League, a women's organization that established a network of British and Indian suffragists also involved in educational projects
- Catherine Hilda Duleep Singh (1871–1942) – activist
- Herabai Tata (1879–1941) – argued before British government commissions that suffrage should be extended in India
Indonesia
[edit]- Thung Sin Nio (1902–1996) – women's rights activist, physician, economist, politician
Iran
[edit]- Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi (1858/59–1921) – Iranian writer, satirist, founder of the first school for girls in the modern history of Iran and a pioneering figure in the women's movement of Iran
- Annie Basil (1911–1995) – Iranian-Indian activist for Armenian women
- Táhirih (1817–1852) – also known as Fatimah Baraghani, renowned poet, removed her veil in public, "first woman suffrage martyr"
Japan
[edit]- Raicho Hiratsuka (1886–1971) co-founder of the New Women's Association
- Fusae Ichikawa (1893–1981) – politician who founded the nation's first women's suffrage organization: the Women's Suffrage League of Japan, president of the New Japan Women's League
- Shidzue Katō (1897–2001) – politician
- Oku Mumeo (1895–1997) – co-founder of the New Women's Association who later served three terms in Japan's Imperial Diet
- Shigeri Yamataka (1899–1977) – founder of the League for the Defense of Women's Rights and the Women's Suffrage League
Jordan
[edit]- Emily Bisharat (died 2004) – first female lawyer in Jordan, fought for women's suffrage
Kuwait
[edit]- Lulwah Al-Qatami (born 1933) – suffragist and educator, nominated for the Nobel prize
Philippines
[edit]- Josefa Llanes Escoda (1898–1945) – civic leader, suffragist and founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines who was memorialized on the Philippines' 1,000-Peso banknote
- Concepción Felix (1884–1967) – feminist and human rights activist
- Pura Villanueva Kalaw (1886–1954) – beauty queen, feminist, journalist, and writer
- Pilar Hidalgo-Lim (1893–1973) – educator and civic leader
- Natividad Almeda Lopez ( 1892–1977) – suffragist and the first female lawyer in the Philippines
- Josefa Jara Martinez (1894–1987) – social worker, suffragist and civic leader[22]
- Geronima Pecson (1896–1989) – suffragist, educator and social worker who became the first woman senator of the Philippines in 1947
- Rosa Sevilla (1879–1954) – activist, educator, and journalist
Sri Lanka
[edit]- Drummond Shiels (1881–1953) – Scottish-born politician who supported the founding of the Women’s Franchise Union of Ceylon
- Mary Rutnam – Canadian-born doctor, gynaecologist, and suffragist who emigrated and became a member of the Women’s Franchise Union of Sri Lanka and a co-founder of the All-Ceylon Women's Conference[23]
- Agnes de Silva (1885–1961) – secretary of the Women's Franchise Union of Ceylon then founder of the Women's Franchise Union of Sri Lanka[23]
Syria
[edit]- Thuraya Al-Hafez (1911–2000) – suffragist and politician who campaigned against the niqab and founded women's organisations
Turkey
[edit]- Latife Bekir (1901–1952) – suffragist and president of the Turkish Women's Union
- Nezihe Muhiddin (1889–1958) – suffragist and founder of the Turkish Women's People Party, which demanded suffrage for women, and the Turkish Women's Union
Yishuv
[edit]- Rosa Welt-Straus (1856–1938) – suffragist and feminist
Australia and Oceania
[edit]Australia
[edit]New Zealand
[edit]Europe
[edit]Albania
[edit]- Shaqe Çoba (1875–1954) – suffragist and publisher of a magazine that covered women's issues
- Parashqevi Qiriazi (1880–1970) – suffragist, teacher and founder of Yll' i Mengjesit, a women's association
- Sevasti Qiriazi (1871–1949) – Albanian patriot, suffragist, pioneer of female education and founder of Korça Girls School
- Urani Rumbo (1895–1936) – suffragist, teacher, playwright and founder of Lidhja e Gruas (Woman's Union)[24]
Austria
[edit]- Marianne Hainisch (1839–1936) – founder and leader of the Austrian women's movement, mother of first President of Austria[24]
- Ernestine von Fürth, (1877–1946) – co-founder of the New Viennese Women's Club, chairwoman of the Austrian Women's Suffrage Committee[25]
- Friederike Mekler von Traunweis Zeileis (née Mautner von Markhof, 1872–1954) – founding member of the IWSA
- Rosa Welt-Straus (1856–1938) – first Austrian woman to earn a medical degree; representative to the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
Belgium
[edit]- Jane Brigode (1870–1952) – politician, member of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
- Léonie de Waha (1836–1926) – Belgian feminist, philanthropist, educator and Walloon activist
- Isabelle Gatti de Gamond (1839–1905) – Belgian educator, feminist, suffragist and politician
- Marie Parent (1853–1934) – journal editor, temperance activist, feminist, suffragist and founder of the Parti Général des Femmes, the women’s party.
- Marie Popelin (1846–1913) – lawyer and early feminist political campaigner; worked for universal adult suffrage
- Louise van den Plas (1877–1968) – suffragist and founder of the first Christian feminist movement in Belgium
Bulgaria
[edit]- Vela Blagoeva (1859–1921) – journalist, teacher and women's rights activist
- Zheni Bozhilova-Pateva (1878–1955) – teacher, writer, and one of the most active women's rights activists of her era
- Dimitrana Ivanova (1881–1960) – reform pedagogue, women's rights activist
- Ekaterina Karavelova (1860–1947) – educator, translator, publicist, suffragist
- Anna Karima (1871–1949) – suffragist and women's rights activist
- Kina Konova (1872–1952) – publicist and suffragist
- Julia Malinova (1869–1953) – women's rights activist
Croatia
[edit]- Adela Milčinović (1878–1968) – Croatian feminist author, critic and suffragette
Cyprus
[edit]- Polyxeni Loizia (1855–1942)[26]
- Persophone Papadopulou (1887–1948)[26]
Czechia
[edit]- Karla Máchová (1853–1920) – women's rights activist who, in 1908, was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet
- Františka Plamínková (1875–1942) – founded the Committee for Women's Suffrage (Czech: Výbor pro volební právo ženy) in 1905 and served as a vice president of the International Council of Women, as well as the International Woman's Suffrage Alliance
- Marie Tůmová (1866–1925) –– women's suffragist who, in 1908, was among the first three women to run for the Bohemian Diet
- Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčkova (1868–1915) – founder of the Provincial Organization of Progressive Moravian Women
Denmark
[edit]Finland
[edit]- Maikki Friberg (1861–1927) – educator, journal editor, suffragist and peace activist
- Annie Furuhjelm (1859–1937) – journalist, feminist activist and politician
- Alexandra Gripenberg (1857–1913) – writer, newspaper publisher, suffragist, women's rights activist
- Lucina Hagman (1953–1946) – feminist, suffragist, early politician
- Hilda Käkikoski (1864–1912) – women's activist, suffragist, writer, schoolteacher, early politician
- Olga Oinola (1865–1949) – President of the Finnish Women Association
France
[edit]Georgia
[edit]Germany
[edit]Greece
[edit]- Kalliroi Parren (1861–1940) – journalist and founder of the Greek women's movement
- Avra Theodoropoulou (1880–1963) – music critic, pianist, suffragist, women's rights activist, nurse
- Lina Tsaldari (1887–1981) – suffragist and politician, president of the Greek Federation of Women's Unions and later the first female minister in Greece[27]
Hungary
[edit]- Vilma Glücklich (1872–1927) – educator, pacifist, suffragist, feminist
- Eugénia Miskolczy Meller (1872– c. 1944/5) suffragist a co-founder of the Feminist Association
- Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948) – pacifist, feminist and suffragist
- Adele Zay (1848–1928) – Transylvanian teacher, feminist and suffragist
Iceland
[edit]- Margret Benedictsson (1866–1956) Icelandic-Canadian suffragist and journalist
- Bríet Bjarnhéðinsdóttir (1856–1940) – founded Kvennablaðið, the first women's magazine in Iceland and, in 1907, the first suffrage organization in Iceland[28][29]
- Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason (1867–1941) – politician, suffragist, schoolteacher, gymnast and leader of Iceland’s Women’s Rights Association
- Katrín Magnússon (1858–1932) – suffragist and promoter of women's education[30]
Ireland
[edit]Italy
[edit]- Elisa Agnini Lollini (1858–1922) – pioneering feminist, pacifist, suffragist and politician
- Margherita Ancona (1881–1966) – IWSA board member and delegate to the Inter-Allied Women's Conference
- Alma Dolens (1869–1948) – pacifist, suffragist and journalist, founder of several women's organizations
- Anna Kuliscioff (1857–1925) – Russian-born feminist, suffragist and politician active in Italy
- Linda Malnati (1855–1921) – influential women's rights activist, trade unionist, suffragist, pacifist and writer
- Anna Maria Mozzoni (1837–1920) – pioneering women's rights activist and suffragist
- Eugenia Rasponi (1873–1958) – suffragist, business woman, and early lesbian activist
- Ada Sacchi Simonetta (1874–1944) – women's rights activist, founder and leader of women's organizations
- Gabriella Rasponi Spalletti (1853–1931) – feminist, educator and philanthropist, founder of the National Council of Italian Women in 1903
- Alice Schiavoni Bosio (1871–1931) – delegate to both the 1915 Women at the Hague Conference and 1919 Inter-Allied Women's Conference
Liechtenstein
[edit]- Melitta Marxer (1923–2015) – one of the "Sleeping Beauties" who took the issue of women's suffrage to the Council of Europe in 1983
Luxembourg
[edit]- Catherine Schleimer-Kill (1884–1973) – suffragist and founder of Action féminine[31]
- Marguerite Thomas-Clement (1886–1979) – politician who spoke in favour of women's suffrage in public debates and who became the first woman to serve in Luxembourg's parliament
Malta
[edit]- Helen Buhagiar (1888–1975) – suffragist and co-founder of the Women of Malta Association
- Mabel Strickland (1899–1988) – Anglo-Maltese journalist, suffragist and member of the Women of Malta Association
- Josephine Burns de Bono (1908–1996) – suffragist and co-founder of the Women of Malta Association
Netherlands
[edit]Norway
[edit]- Randi Blehr (1851–1928) – chairperson and co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
- Anna Bugge (1862–1928) – chairman of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights, also active in Sweden
- Gudrun Løchen Drewsen (1867–1946) – Norwegian-born American women's rights activist and painter, promoted women's suffrage in New York City
- Betzy Kjelsberg (1866–1950) – co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (1884), the National Association for Women's Suffrage (1885)
- Gina Krog (1847–1916) – co-founder of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
- Ragna Nielsen (1845–1924) – chairperson of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
- Thekla Resvoll (1871–1948) – head of the Norwegian Female Student's Club and on the board of the women's suffrage movement (Kvinnestemmeretsforeningen)
- Anna Rogstad (1854–1938) – vice president of the Association for Women's Suffrage and Norway’s first female Member of Parliament
- Hedevig Rosing (1827–1913) – co-leader of the movement in Norway; author, educator, school founder
Poland
[edit]- Elżbieta Ciechanowska (1875–1948) - women's rights and labour activist, musician and poet
- Maria Dulębianka (1861–1919) – artist, activist and suffragist
- Władysława Habicht (1867–1963) – suffragette, social activist, and part of the housing cooperative movement.
Portugal
[edit]- Carolina Beatriz Ângelo (1878–1911) – physician, suffragist and a co-founder of the League of Republican Women which campaigned for women's emancipation and suffrage, became the first woman to vote in Portugal
- Adelaide Cabete (1867–1935) – suffragist and a co-founder of the League of Republican Women[26]
- Maria Clara Correia Alves (1869–1948) –co-founder of the National Council of Portuguese Women and member of the League of Republican Women
- Maria Lamas (1893–1983) – writer, feminist, political prisoner
- Alice Moderno (1867–1946) – writer, feminist, active campaigner for women's rights and animals rights
- Ana de Castro Osório (1872–1935) – suffragist and a co-founder of the League of Republican Women[32]
- Olga Morais Sarmento (1881–1948) – writer and feminist
- Maria Evelina de Sousa (1879–1946) – educator, journalist, feminist, suffragist
- Maria Veleda (1871–1955) – educator, writer, suffragist and a co-founder of the League of Republican Women
Romania
[edit]- Maria Baiulescu (1860–1941) – Austro-Hungarian born Romanian writer, suffragist and the first woman to earn a degree in medicine in Romania
- Lotte Binder (1880–1930) – teacher and suffragist in Transylvania
- Calypso Botez (1880–1933) – writer and suffragist[24]
- Ana Conta-Kernbach (1865–1921) – teacher, writer, women's rights activist, suffragist
- Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu (1866–1938) – teacher, writer, women's rights activist, suffragist
- Clara Maniu (1842–1929) – feminist, suffragist
- Elena Meissner (1867–1940) – suffragist and professor of law at the University of Bucharest who headed the Asociația de Emancipare Civilă și Politică a Femeii Române
Serbia
[edit]- Draga Dejanović (1840–1871) – dubbed "the first Serbian suffragette"[24]
- Helen Losanitch Frothingham (1885–1972) – nurse, humanitarian, feminist, suffrage campaigner
- Savka Subotić (1834–1918) – philanthropist and a leading feminist in the Serbian suffrage movement[33]
Slovenia
[edit]- Alojzija Štebi (1883 –1956) – suffragist, founder of the Feminist Alliance of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, editor of the journal Ženski pokret (Women’s movement), and writer of paper Demokratizem in ženstvo (Democracy and womanhood) which argued for women's suffrage[24]
Spain
[edit]- Concepción Arenal (1820–1893) – pioneer and founder of the feminist movement in Spain; activist, writer, journalist and lawyer
- Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851–1921) – Spanish writer, journalist, university professor and support for women's rights and education
- Carmen de Burgos (1867–1932) – Spanish journalist, writer, translator and women's rights activist
- Clara Campoamor (1888–1972) – Spanish politician and feminist best known for her advocacy for women's rights and suffrage during the writing of the Spanish constitution of 1931
- María Espinosa de los Monteros (1875–1946) – Spanish women's rights activist, suffragist and business executive
- Victoria Kent (1891–1987) – Spanish lawyer, suffragist and politician
Sweden
[edit]Switzerland
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]- Wilhelmina Hay Abbott (1884–1957) – editor and feminist lecturer, officer of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
- Violet Aitken (1886–1987) – suffragette activist in the WSPU, imprisoned and force-fed, editor of The Suffragette
- Margaret Aldersley (1852–1940) – suffragist, feminist and trade unionist
- Mary Ann Aldham (1858–1940) – famously slashed a portrait in the Royal Academy in 1914
- Janie Allan (1868–1968) – suffragette activist and significant financial supporter of the WSPU; imprisoned for suffrage activities
- Doreen Allen (1879–1963) – militant suffragette
- Mary Sophia Allen (1878–1964) – women's rights activist, pioneer policewoman, later involved in far-right political activity
- Katharine Russell, Viscountess Amberley (1844–1874) – early advocate of birth control, president of the Bristol and West of England Women's Suffrage Society
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836–1917) – physician, feminist, first dean of a British medical school, first female mayor, and magistrate in Britain
- Louisa Garrett Anderson (1873–1943) – Chief Surgeon of Women's Hospital Corps, Fellow of Royal Society of Medicine, jailed for her suffragist activities
- Helen Archdale (1876–1949) – suffragette and journalist
- Rhoda Anstey (1865–1936) – teacher and one of the earliest members of the Gymnastic Suffrage Society
- Jane Arthur (1827–1907) – educationalist, feminist and activist; campaigned for women's suffrage
- Margaret Ashton (1856–1937) – suffragist, local politician, pacifist
- Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (1879–1964) – politician, socialite, first woman to sit as a Member of Parliament in the British House of Commons
- Barbara Ayrton-Gould (1886–1950) – Labour politician and co-founder of the United Suffragists; jailed for her suffrage activities
- Mary Anne Baikie (1861–1950) – Scottish suffragist who established the Orcadian Women's Suffrage Society
- Sarah Jane Baines (1866–1951) – feminist and social reformer; jailed at least fifteen times
- Minnie Baldock (c. 1864 – 1954) – co-founded the first London branch of the WSPU[34]
- Frances Balfour (1858–1931) – president of the National Society for Women's Suffrage
- Florence Balgarnie (1856–1928) – suffragette, speaker, pacifist, feminist, temperance activist
- Norah Balls (1886–1980) - Suffragette, women’s right campaigner, magistrate and councillor, co-founder of the Girl Guides movement in Northumberland.
- Rachel Barrett (1874–1953) – member of the WSPU; editor of The Suffragette
- Janet Barrowman (1879–1955) – Scottish member of the WSPU; jailed for her suffragist activities
- Dorothea Beale (1831–1906) – educational reformer, author, Principal of the Cheltenham Ladies' College
- Harriette Beanland (born 1866) – British textile worker and Suffragette
- Lydia Becker (1827–1890) – biologist and astronomer, founder and publisher of the Women's Suffrage Journal
- Edith Marian Begbie (1866–1932) – militant suffragette who was force-fed
- Elizabeth Bell (1862–1934) – first woman to practice medicine in Ulster, WPSU militant.
- Mary Bell (1885–1943) – first Scottish women magistrate
- Sarah Benett (1850–1924) – Treasurer of the WFL and suffragette
- Ethel Bentham (1861–1931) – doctor, politician, member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
- Annie Besant (1847–1933) – socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer, orator, and supporter of Irish and Indian self-rule
- Rosa May Billinghurst (1875–1953) – member of the WSPU and founder of the Greenwich branch; jailed multiple times
- Teresa Billington-Greig (1877–1964) – co-founder of Women's Freedom League; jailed for her suffragist activities
- Catherine Hogg Blair (1872–1946) – Scottish suffragette and founder of the Scottish Women's Rural Institute, and member of the WSPU
- Violet Bland (1863–1940) – member of the WSPU, force-fed in prison
- Barbara Bodichon (1827–1891) – educationalist, artist, feminist, activist for women's rights
- Lillie Boileau (1869–1930) – early member of the Women's Freedom League and the Union of Ethical Societies
- Margaret Bondfield (1873–1953) – politician, chair of the Adult Suffrage Society, first woman Cabinet minister in the United Kingdom
- Elsie Bowerman (1889–1973) – lawyer, member of the WSPU, RMS Titanic survivor
- Janet Boyd (1850–1928) – militant suffragette and hunger-striker
- Jane Esdon Brailsford (1876–1937) – Scottish suffragette
- Agnes Brown (1866–1943) – Scottish suffragist and writer
- Annie Leigh Browne (1851–1936) – co-founder of College Hall, London and of Women's Local Government Society
- Constance Bryer (1870–1952) – member of the WSPU and the Church League for Women's Suffrage (CLWS)
- Evaline Hilda Burkitt (1876–1955) – first suffragette to be force-fed
- Frances Buss (1827–1894) – headmistress, pioneer of women's education, member of the Kensington Society
- Josephine Butler (1828–1906) – feminist, author, social reformer concerned about the welfare of prostitutes
- Mary Burton (1819–1909), a Scottish social and educational reformer, and supporter of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
- Edward Caird (1835–1908) – founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
- Mona Caird (1854–1932) – English novelist and essayist who wrote in support of women's suffrage
- Florence Canning (1863–1914) – chair of the executive committee of the Church League for Women's Suffrage
- Mabel Capper (1888–1966) – activist in the WSPU; imprisoned many times, and force-fed
- Isabella Carrie (1878–1981) – schoolteacher and safe house keeper for the WSPU
- Dorothea Chalmers Smith (1874–1944) – doctor and suffragist
- Lady Edith Helen Chaplin (1878–1959) - Marchioness of Londonderry, served on a number of women's associations
- Adeline Chapman (1847–1931) - president of the New Constitutional Society for Women's Suffrage
- Georgina Fanny Cheffins (1863–1932) – arrested for window smashing, held in HM Prison Holloway, force-fed
- Jane Clapperton (1832–1914) – philosopher, birth control pioneer, social reformer and suffragist
- Alice Clark (1874–1934), served on the executive committee of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
- Mary Jane Clarke (1862–1910) – arrested for window smashing, held in HM Prison Holloway, force-fed
- Anne Clough (1820–1892) – teacher and promoter of higher education for women
- Lila Clunas (1876–1968) – Scottish suffragette and Labour party councillor
- Jane Cobden (1851–1947) – Liberal politician who was active in many radical causes; co-founder of the Women's Franchise League
- Leonora Cohen (1873–1978) – militant British suffragette and trade unionist; bodyguard for Emmeline Pankhurst
- Florence Annie Conybeare (1872–1916) – campaigned in support of women's suffrage, organized a meeting of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
- Selina Cooper (1864–1946) – textile mill worker, local magistrate, member of the North of England Society for Women's Suffrage
- Catherine Corbett (1869–1950) – British suffragette; jailed and went on hunger strike
- Annie Coultate (1856–1931) – teacher and founder of the local WSPU branch in York
- Ethel Cox (born 1888) – British suffragette who smashed windows at the house of the Home Secretary
- Isabel Cowe (1867–1931) – Scottish suffragist who helped organise the 400-mile Scottish Suffrage March from Edinburgh to Downing Street, London to present a petition for women's enfranchisement
- Annie Walker Craig (1864–1948) – British suffragette involved in rock-throwing and arson in England and Scotland
- Jessie Craigen (c. 1835 – 1899) – working-class suffragist who gave speeches all around the country
- Muriel Craigie (1889–1971) - Scottish suffragist, and war volunteer organiser
- Virginia Mary Crawford (1862–1948) – Catholic suffragist, journalist and author, a founder of the Catholic Women's Suffrage Society
- Helen Crawfurd (1877–1954) – suffragette, rent strike organiser and communist activist
- Maud Crofts (born 1889) – suffragist, author and first woman accepted as a solicitor[35][36]
- Richmal Crompton (1890–1969) – schoolmistress and writer
- Mary Crudelius (1839–1877) – early supporter of women's suffrage and campaigner for women's education
- Helen Cruickshank (1886–1975) – Scottish poet and suffragette
- Emily Davies (1830–1921) – co-founder of Kensington Society and Britain's first women's college, Girton College, Cambridge
- Emily Wilding Davison (1872–1913) – militant activist, key member of the WSPU, died in a protest action at a racetrack
- Margaret Davidson (suffragist) (1879–1978) – suffragist, volunteer war nurse, and early leader of the Girl Guides
- John McAusland Denny (1858–1922) – Scottish businessman, Conservative Party politician and founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
- Charlotte Despard (1844–1939) – novelist, Sinn Féin activist, co-founder of the Women's Freedom League
- Agnes Dollan (1887–1966) – Scottish suffragette, political activist and pacifist
- Violet Mary Doudney (1889–1952) – teacher and militant suffragette
- Katherine Douglas Smith (born 1878) – militant suffragette and WSPU organiser
- Lillian Dove-Willcox (1875–1963) – suffragette who was a member of Emmeline Pankhurst's personal bodyguard
- Flora Drummond (1878–1949) – organiser for WSPU, imprisoned nine times for her activism in Women's Suffrage movement, inspiring orator nicknamed "the General"
- Bessie Drysdale (1871–1950) – member of the WSPU National Executive Committee and writer for the short lived radical feminist magazine The Freewoman (1911–1913)
- Charles Vickery Drysdale (1874–1961) – one of the founding members of the Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage in 1907
- Marion Wallace Dunlop (1864–1942) – artist and suffragette
- Elsie Duval (1892–1919) – member of WSPU and first woman released under the Cat and Mouse Act
- Louise Eates (1877–1944) - British suffragette, chair of Kensington Women's Social and Political Union and a women's education activist
- Maude Edwards (fl. 1914) – suffragette who was force-fed in prison despite having a heart condition
- Norah Elam (1878–1961) – prominent member of the WSPU; imprisoned three times
- Elizabeth Clarke Wolstenholme Elmy (1833–1918) – public speaker and writer; formed the first British suffragist society, first paid employee of the British Women's Movement
- Dorothy Evans (1888–1944) – activist and organiser, worked for WSPU in England and the north of Ireland; imprisoned several times
- Kate Williams Evans (1866–1961) – suffragette
- Caprina Fahey (1883–1959) – received the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) Hunger Strike Medal "for Valour" in 1914[37]
- Margaret Milne Farquharson (1884–c. 1936) – Scottish suffragette, MP candidate and leader of the National Political League campaigning for Palestine
- Millicent Fawcett (1847–1929) – feminist, writer, political and union leader; president of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
- Helen Fraser (1881–1979) – suffragist, speaker and artist
- Elizabeth Fry (1780–1845) – prison reformer, social reformer, philanthropist
- Edith Margaret Garrud (1872–1971) – first trainer of 'the Bodyguard', formed in response to the Cat and Mouse Act
- Elizabeth Finlayson Gauld (c. 1863 – 1941) - suffrage campaigner based in Edinburgh
- Katharine Gatty (1870–1952) – journalist, lecturer and militant suffragette for the WSPU
- Mary Gawthorpe (1881–1973) – socialist, trade unionist, editor, active in the suffrage movement in both England and the United States
- Ellison Scotland Gibb (1879–1970) – suffragette and chess player
- Margaret Skirving Gibb (1877–1954) – suffragette and chess player
- Marion Gilchrist (1864–1952) – doctor and suffragist
- Helga Gill (1885–1928) – Norwegian-born British suffragist who spoke at meetings
- Katie Edith Gliddon (1883–1967) – watercolour artist and militant suffragette
- Frances Gordon (born c. 1874) – prominent in the militant wing of the Scottish women's suffrage movement; imprisoned and force-fed
- Eva Gore-Booth (1870–1926) – member of the executive committee of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and co-secretary of the Manchester and Salford Women's Trade Union Council
- Gerald Gould (1885–1936) – writer, known as a journalist, reviewer, essayist, and poet; co-founder of United Suffragists
- Mary Pollock Grant (1876–1957) – Scottish suffragette, Liberal Party politician, missionary and policewoman
- Joan Lavender Bailie Guthrie (1889–1914) – British suffragette, and member of the Women's Social and Political Union
- Elsa Gye (1881–1943) – Scottish suffragette, imprisoned for the cause, led WSPU branches in Nottingham and Newcastle
- Joan Lavender Bailie Guthrie (Laura Grey) (1888–1914) – suffragette and actress, imprisoned for window smashing
- Beatrice Forbes-Robertson Hale (1883–1967) – actress, lectured and wrote on women's rights
- Edith Hacon (1875–1952) – suffragist from Dornoch, World War One nursing volunteer and international socialite
- Florence Haig (1856–1952) – Scottish artist and suffragette who was decorated for imprisonments and hunger strikes.
- Cicely Hale (1884–1981) – health visitor and author; worked for the WSPU and The Suffragette
- Nellie Hall (1895–1929) – god-daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst, member of the WSPU; imprisoned twice
- Hazel Hunkins Hallinan (1890–1982) – American women's rights activist, journalist, and suffragist who moved to Britain and was active in the movement there
- Cicely Hamilton (1872–1952) – actress, writer, journalist, feminist
- Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon (1857–1939) – author, philanthropist, and an advocate of woman's interests
- Marion Coates Hansen (1870–1947) – early member of the WSPU, co-founder of the Women's Freedom League
- Keir Hardie (1856–1915) – Scottish founder of the Labour Party, later a campaigner for women's suffrage
- Emily J. Harding (1850–1940) – British artist, illustrator and suffragette
- Lillian Mary Harris (1887–1964) – English militant suffragette
- Mary Dormer Harris (1867–1936) – suffragist, writer and organiser of local conferences in the Midlands
- Jane Ellen Harrison (1850–1928) – linguist, feminist, co-founder of modern studies in Greek mythology, supporter of women's suffrage
- Kate Harvey (1862–1946) – participated in the Women's Tax Resistance League and was jailed for her refusal to pay tax if she were not allowed the right to vote
- Evelina Haverfield (1867–1920) – aid worker and nurse in WWI, member of the WSPU, arrested several times
- Alice Hawkins (1863–1946) – suffragette jailed five times for militant action
- Annie Elizabeth Helme (1874–1963) – suffragist, JP, first female mayor of Lancaster in 1932.[38]
- Mary H. J. Henderson (1874–1938) – honorary secretary of Dundee Women's Suffrage Society, and administrator with Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service
- Elizabeth Ellen (Beth) Hesmondhalgh active 1907–1914, Hunger Strike Medal recipient
- Margaret Hills (1882–1967) – teacher, public speaker, feminist and socialist; organizer of the NUWSS Election Fighting Fund
- Edith Mary Hinchley (1870–1940) – artist and member of the Women's Freedom League
- Reverend Claude Hinscliff (1875–1964) – founder of the [Anglican] Church League for Women's Suffrage[39][40]
- Emily Hobhouse (1860–1926) – exposed the squalid conditions in concentration camps in South Africa during the Second Boer War; active in the People's Suffrage Federation
- Olive Hockin (1881–1936) – artist and author; imprisoned after arson attacks suspected to be suffragette-related
- Vera Holme (1881–1969) – actress, driver and chauffer for the Pankhursts'
- Winifred Holtby (1898–1935) – feminist, socialist, and writer, including a new voters guide for women in 1929
- Edith Sophia Hooper (1868–1926) – suffragist and biographer of Josephine Butler
- Winifred Horrabin (1887–1971) – socialist activist, journalist, member of the WSPU
- Clemence Housman (1861–1955) – author, illustrator, co-founder of the Suffrage Atelier
- Laurence Housman (1865–1959) – playwright, writer, illustrator, co-founder of the Suffrage Atelier
- Elizabeth How-Martyn (1875–1954) – member of the WSPU and co-founder of the Women's Freedom League
- Elsie Howey (1884 –1963) – suffragette who was jailed at least six times and dressed as Joan of Arc during a WSPU demonstration in London
- Ellen Hughes (1867–1927) – Welsh writer, poet, suffragist
- Florence Hull (born 1878) – suffragette, member of WSPU, imprisoned in January 1913
- Agnes Husband (1852–1929) – Scottish politician and suffragette
- Charlotte Iliffe, Baroness Iliffe (1881–1972) – aristocrat, philanthropist and suffragist who was a member of the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society
- Elsie Inglis (1864–1917) – Scottish doctor, secretary of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
- Margaret Irwin (1858–1940) – trade unionist, suffragist and founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
- Christina Jamieson (1864–1942) – writer and suffragette
- Maud Joachim (1869–1947) – suffragette who was one of the first suffragettes to go on hunger strike
- Ellen Isabel Jones (died 1948) – suffragette and close associate of the Pankhursts
- Helena Jones (1870–1946) – Welsh doctor and member of the WSPU
- Mabel Jones (1865–1923) – doctor and suffragette
- Violet Key Jones (1883–1958) - treasurer of the WSPU branch in York
- Annie Kenney (1879–1953) – leading figure in the WSPU
- Jessie Kenney (1887–1985) – leading suffragette, assaulted the British prime minister and the Home Secretary at golf course
- Nell Kenney (1876–1953) – suffragette
- Jessie Keppie (1868–1951) – artist and subscriber to Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
- Alice Stewart Ker (1853–1943) – doctor, health educator and suffragette
- Edith Key (1872–1937) – secretary-organiser of the WSPU, Huddersfield branch, and author of the only surviving regional WSPU minute book
- Mary Stewart Kilgour (1851–1955) – educationalist and writer, co-founder of the Union of Practical Suffragists
- Adelaide Knight, (1871–1950) – secretary for the WSPU in Canning Town[41][42]
- Anne Knight (1786–1862) – social reformer, pioneer of feminism, early suffragette and pamphleteer
- Annie Knight (1895–2006) – suffragette in Aberdeen Scotland
- Aeta Adelaide Lamb (1886–1928) – longest serving organiser in the WSPU
- George Lansbury (1859–1940) – social reformer and politician who allied himself with the WSPU
- Jennie Lee (1904–1988) – Scottish politician, elected MP aged 24 in 1929 by-election before suffrage was extended to women under 30
- Harriet Leisk (1853–1921) - chair of the Shetland Women's Suffrage Society
- Lilian Lenton (1891–1972) – active member of the WSPU, winner of a French Red Cross for her service in WWI
- Victoria Lidiard (1889–1992) – WPSU member and reputed to be the longest surviving British Suffragette[43]
- Anna Lindsay (activist) (1845–1903), Scottish women's rights activist
- Thomas Martin Lindsay (1843–1914) – Scottish historian, professor and founder member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
- Louisa Lumsden (1840–1935) - pioneer of female education and suffrage speaker
- Kathleen Lyttelton (1856–1907) – women's activist, editor and writer
- Lady Constance Lytton (1869–1923) – speaker and campaigner for prison reform, votes for women, and birth control
- Florence Macfarlane (1867–1947) – nurse and militant member of the WSPU
- Margaret Mackworth (1883–1958) – activist and director of more than thirty companies
- Sarah Mair (1846–1941) – campaigner for women's education and suffrage
- Lavinia Malcolm (1847–1920) – Scottish suffragist and local Liberal Movement politician, the first Scottish woman to be elected to a local council (1907) and the first woman Lord Provost of a Scottish burgh town, in Dollar, Clackmannanshire
- Kate Manicom (1893–1937), British suffragette and trade unionist
- Flora Masson (1856–1937) - nurse, suffragist, writer and editor
- Edith Mansell Moullin (1859–1941) – suffragist, settlement worker, and Welsh feminist organisation founder
- Kitty Marion (1871–1944) – actress and political activist
- Dora Marsden (1882–1960) – anarcho-feminist, editor of literary journals, and philosopher of language
- Charlotte Marsh (1842–1909) – joined the WSPU in March 1907, set up the Independent WSPU in March 1916
- Selina Martin (1882–1972) – activist
- Harriet Martineau (1802–1876) – social theorist and writer
- Eleanor Marx (1855–1898) – activist and translator
- Flora Masson (1856–1937) – nurse, editor and writer
- Muriel Matters (1877–1969) – Australian-born suffragist who campaigned with the Women's Freedom League
- Helen Matthews – Scottish suffragette and women's footballer
- Isabella Fyvie Mayo (1843–1914) – poet, novelist, suffragist, and reformer
- Mary Macarthur (1880–1921) – general secretary of the Women's Trade Union League and was involved in the formation of the National Federation of Women Workers and National Anti-Sweating League
- Ann Macbeth (1875–1948) – artist and suffragist
- Lilly Maxwell (1800–1876) – suffragist
- Winifred Mayo (1869–1967) – actress and co-founder of the Actresses' Franchise League
- Elspeth McClelland (1879–1920) – architect and suffragette, 'human letter' sent with Daisy Solomon
- Janet McCallum (1881–1946) – trade unionist and suffragist
- Margaret McCoubrey (1880–1955) – Belfast WSPU militant, pacifist, co-operatist.
- Elizabeth McCracken (1871–1944) – feminist writer (" L.A.M. Priestley"), Belfast WSPU militant, refused wartime political truce with the government.
- Agnes Syme Macdonald (1882–1966) – Scottish suffragette who served as the secretary of the Edinburgh branch of the WSPU before setting up the Edinburgh Women Citizens Association (WCA) in 1918
- Louisa Macdonald (1858–1949) - educationalist and suffragist
- Agnes McLaren (1837–1913) – doctor and secretary of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage alongside her stepmother, Priscilla Bright McLaren
- Alice McLaren (1860–1945) – doctor, gynaecologist, suffragist and advocate for women's health and women's rights
- Eva McLaren (1852–1921) – suffragist, writer, and political campaigner
- Priscilla Bright McLaren (1815–1906) – anti-slavery activist, Scottish suffragist, founder and president of Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
- Chrystal Macmillan (1872–1937) – politician, barrister, feminist and pacifist
- Frances McPhun (1880–1940) – suffragette who served two months in Holloway prison, sister of Margaret McPhun
- Margaret McPhun (1876–1960) – suffragette who served two months in Holloway prison, sister of Frances McPhun
- Margaret Sara Meggitt (1866–1920), British political activist and suffragette
- Frances Melville (1873–1962) – suffragist, advocate for higher education for women in Scotland, and one of the first women to matriculate at the University of Edinburgh
- Gertrude Metcalfe-Shaw, (born 1864), hunger striker[44]
- Lillian Metge (1871–1954) – bombed Christ Church Cathedral, Lisburn, WSPU Hunger Strike medalist.
- Jessie C. Methven (1854–1917) – Scottish suffragist, suffragette, honorary secretary of Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage, joined WSPU 1906
- Alice Meynell (1847–1922) – editor, writer, and poet
- Harriet Taylor Mill (1807–1858) – philosopher and women's rights advocate
- John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) – philosopher, political economist, and civil servant
- Hannah Mitchell (1872–1956) – activist
- Graham Moffat (1866–1951) – actor, director, playwright and spiritualist. Husband of Maggie Moffat and founder of the Men's League for Women's Suffrage
- Maggie Moffat (1873–1943) – British actor and suffragette
- Dora Montefiore (1851–1933) – activist and writer
- Decima Moore (1871–1964) – actress and co-founder of the Actresses' Franchise League
- Ethel Moorhead (1869–1955) – suffragette and painter
- Anna Munro (1881–1962) – activist
- Mary Murdoch (1864–1916) - physician and suffragist
- Eunice Murray (1878–1960) – suffragist, and only Scottish woman who stood for election when UK elections were opened to women in 1918
- Flora Murray (1869–1923) – medical pioneer and activist
- Frances Murray (1843–1919) – a suffragist raised in Scotland, an advocate of women's education, a lecturer in Scottish music and a writer
- Sylvia Murray (1875–1955) – suffragette and author, the sister of suffragette Eunice Guthrie Murray
- Margaret Mylne (1806–1892) – Scottish suffragette and writer
- Jessie Newbery (1864–1948) - Scottish artist and embroiderer, member of the Women's Social and Political Union
- Clara Neal (1870–1936) – English teacher, suffragette and cofounder of the Swansea branch of the Women's Freedom League in 1909
- Mary Neal (1860–1944) – social worker and collector of English folk dances
- Alison Roberta Noble Neilans (1884–1942) – activist, member of the executive committee of the Women's Freedom League
- Margaret Nevinson (1858–1932) – JP, Poor Law guardian, playwright, member of the Church League for Women's Suffrage
- Jessie Newbery (1864–1948) – artist and suffragist
- Elizabeth Pease Nicholl (1807–1897) – abolitionist, anti-segregationist, suffragist, chartist and anti-vivisectionist
- Helen Ogston (1882–1973) – Scottish suffragette known for interrupting David Lloyd George on 5 December 1908 at a meeting in the Royal Albert Hall and subsequently holding off the stewards with a dog whip
- Ada Nield Chew (1870–1945) – organiser
- Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) – celebrated social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing
- Emily Rosaline Orme (1835–1915) – member of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage
- Elizabeth Margaret Pace (1866–1957) – Scottish doctor, suffragist and advocate for women's health and women's rights
- Adela Pankhurst (1885–1961) – political organizer, co-founder of the Communist Party of Australia and the Australia First Movement
- Christabel Pankhurst (1880–1958) – co-founder and leader of the WSPU
- Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928) – a main founder and the leader of the British Suffragette Movement
- Sylvia Pankhurst (1882–1960) – campaigner and anti-fascism activist
- Frances Mary "Fanny" Parker OBE (1875–1924) – New Zealand-born suffragette prominent in the militant wing of the Scottish women's suffrage movement and repeatedly imprisoned for her actions
- Grace Paterson (1843–1925) – school board member, temperance activist, suffragist, and founder of the Glasgow School of Cookery
- Isabella Bream Pearce (1859–1929) – Scottish socialist propagandist and suffrage campaigner
- Annie Seymour Pearson (born 1878) – work based suffrage activist who ran a safe house for suffragettes evading police[45]
- Edith Pechey (1845–1908) – campaigner for women's rights, involved in a range of social causes
- Pleasance Pendred (1864–1948) – suffragette
- Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence (1867–1954) – member of the Suffrage Society, secretary WSPU
- Leonora Philipps (1862–1915) – Liberal suffragist, president of Welsh Union of Women's Liberal Associations and co-founder of the Pioneer Club
- Emily Phipps (1865–1943) – English teacher, barrister and suffragette
- Caroline Phillips (1874–1956) – feminist, suffragette, journalist and honorary secretary of the Aberdeen branch of the WSPU
- Catherine Pine (1864–1941) – nurse, suffragette
- Ellen Pitfield (1857–1912) – suffragette who sustained injuries at Black Friday and who set a fire at the King Edward Street Post office in London
- Isabella Potbury (1890–1965) – portrait painter, suffragette
- Aileen Preston (1889–1974) – Emmeline Pankhurst's chauffeur and the first woman in history to qualify for the Automobile Association Certificate in Driving
- Clara Rackham (1875–1966) – magistrate, prison reformer, factory inspector, long-serving alderman and city councillor in Cambridge
- Jane Rae (1872–1959) – political activist, suffragette, councillor and Justice of the peace
- Eleanor Rathbone (1872–1946) – campaigner for women's rights
- Marion Kirkland Reid (1815–1902) – feminist and writer
- Mary Reid (1880–1921) – Scottish trades unionist
- Margaret Mackworth, 2nd Viscountess Rhondda (1883–1955) – WSPU member, journalist, businesswoman, founder of the feminist periodical Time and Tide
- Mary Richardson (1882–1961) – Canadian suffragette, arsonist, head of the women's section of the British Union of Fascists
- Edith Rigby (1872–1948) – founder of St. Peter's School, prominent activist
- Margaret Robertson (1892–1967) – campaigner; organiser of the Election Fighting Fund
- Elizabeth Robins (1862–1952) – Ibsen actress, playwright, public speaker, novelist
- Annot Robinson (1874–1925) – née Wilkie, nicknamed Annie, pacifist and suffragette[46][47]
- Rona Robinson (1881–1973) – suffragette and in 1905 the first woman in the United Kingdom to gain a first-class degree in chemistry
- Esther Roper (1868–1938) – social justice campaigner
- Arnold Stephenson Rowntree (1872–1951) – MP, philanthropist, and suffragist
- Lolita Roy (born 1865) – believed to have been an important organizer of the Women's Coronation Procession (a suffrage march in London) in 1911, and marched as part of it with either her sisters or her daughters[48][49]
- Agnes Royden (1876–1956) – preacher
- Bertha Ryland (1882–1977) – militant suffragette who slashed a painting in Birmingham Art Gallery in 1914
- Myra Sadd Brown (1872–1938) – suffragette activist in the WSPU, imprisoned and force-fed
- Lavena Saltonstall (1881–1957) – suffragette, activist for the Women's Labour League and WSPU and writer of column "The Letters of a Tailoress" for the Halifax Guardian
- Amy Sanderson (born c1875-6) – Scottish suffragette, imprisoned twice, executive member of WFL
- Margaret Sandhurst (1828–1892) – one of the first women elected to a city council in the United Kingdom
- Jessie Saxby (1842–1940) – author, folklorist and suffragette
- Alice Schofield (1881–1975) – suffragette and politician who was the first woman councillor in Middlesbrough
- Amelia Scott (1860–1952) – suffragette, established `the ‘Leisure Hour Club for Young Women in Business’ in Tunbridge Wells and participated in the suffrage ‘pilgrimage’ to London organised by the Kentish Federation of Women’s Suffrage Societies
- Arabella Scott (1886–1980) – Scottish suffragette who endured five weeks of solitary confinement in Perth prison and force feeding twice a day
- May Seaton-Tiedeman (1862–1948) – American-born campaigner in Britain for divorce law reform and suffragist
- Evelyn Sharp (suffragist) (1869–1955) – journalist on The Manchester Guardian, short story writer, tax resister, founder of the United Suffragists
- Genie Sheppard (1863–1953) – medical doctor and militant suffragette
- Alice Maud Shipley (1869–1951) – suffragist who went on hunger strike in Holloway Prison and who was force fed
- Isabel Giberne Sieveking (1857–1936) – suffragette and writer, member of the WSPU in Hastings
- Frances Simson (1854–1938) – suffragist, campaigner for women's higher education and one of the first of eight women graduates from the University of Edinburgh
- May Sinclair (1863–1946) – member of the Woman Writers' Suffrage League
- Sophia Duleep Singh (1876–1948) – had leading roles in the Women's Tax Resistance League, and the WSPU
- Margaret Skinnider (1892–1971)
- Ethel Smyth (1858–1944) – composer of "The March of the Women", writer
- Mary Anderson Snodgrass (1862–1945) – politician, suffragist and advocate for women's rights, member of the Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage
- Ethel Snowden (1881–1951) – socialist, human rights activist, feminist politician
- Jessie M. Soga (1870–1954) - Xhosa/Scottish contralto singer, music teacher and suffragist. She was described as the only black suffrage campaigner based in Scotland.
- Daisy Solomon (1882–1978) – South African born, member of WSPU, sent as 'human letter' with Elspeth McClelland, daughter of Georgiana Solomon
- Georgiana Solomon (1844–1933) – Scottish member of the WSPU, South African temperance activist
- Mary Somerville (1780–1872) – science writer and polymath
- Emma Sproson (1867–1936) – women's rights activist
- Catherine Helen Spence (1825–1910) – Scottish-born Australian author, teacher, journalist, politician & leading suffragist
- Emily Spender (1841–1922) – novelist and suffragette
- Lady Barbara Steel (1857–1943) – Scottish suffragist and tax resister
- Jessie Stephen (1893–1979) – working class suffragette and trade union activist
- Flora Stevenson (1839–1905) – Scottish social reformer with interest in education for poor or neglected children
- Louisa Stevenson (1835–1908) – Scottish campaigner for women's university education, effective, well-organised nursing
- Charlotte Carmichael Stopes (1840–1929) – scholar, author, and campaigner for women's rights
- Una Harriet Ella Stratford Duval (née Dugdale) (1879–1975) – suffragette and marriage reformer
- Lucy Deane Streatfeild (1865–1950) – civil servant, social worker, one of the first female factory inspectors in UK
- Ann Swaine (born in or before 1821–1883) – writer and advocate for women's higher education
- Annie S. Swan (1859–1943) – journalist, novelist and story writer
- Helena Swanwick (1864–1939) – feminist, pacifist
- Jane Taylour (1827–1905) – suffragist and women's movement campaigner
- Janie Terrero (1858–1944) – militant suffragette
- Dora Thewlis (1890–1976) – activist
- Agnes Thomson (born 1846) – Scottish suffragette, member of Edinburgh WSPU, missionary in India
- Elizabeth Thomson (born 1848) – Scottish suffragette, member of Edinburgh WSPU, hunger striker, missionary in India
- Elizabeth Thompson (1846–1933) – prominent painter
- Muriel Thompson (1875–1939) – World War I ambulance driver, racing driver and suffragist
- Violet Tillard (1874–1922) – nurse, pacifist, supporter of conscientious objectors, relief worker
- Isabella Tod (1836–1896) – Scottish suffragist, women's rights campaigner in the north of Ireland, helped women secure the municipal franchise in Belfast.
- Catherine Tolson (1890–1924) – suffragette
- Helen Tolson (1888–1955) – suffragette
- Florence Tunks (1891–1985) – suffragette
- Minnie Turner (1866–1948) – ran a guest house, the "Sea View", in Brighton
- Julia Varley (1871–1952) - trade unionist
- Alice Vickery (1844–1929) – doctor, the first British woman to qualify as a chemist and pharmacist and delegate to the Congress of the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance in Amsterdam in 1908
- Marion Wallace Dunlop (1864–1942) – suffragette went on hunger strike after being arrested for militancy
- Olive Grace Walton (1886–1937) – suffragette
- Elizabeth (Bessie) Watson (1900–1992) – child suffragette and piper
- Mona Chalmers Watson (1872–1936) – physician and head of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps
- Harriet Shaw Weaver (1876–1961) – political activist, magazine editor
- Edith Splatt (1873?–1945) - dressmaker, journalist, councillor in Devon
- Beatrice Webb (1858–1943) – sociologist, economist, socialist, labour historian, social reformer
- Vera Wentworth (1890–1957) – went to Holloway for the cause and was force fed. She door stepped and then assaulted the Prime Minister twice. She wrote "Three Months in Holloway".
- Rebecca West (1892–1983) – author, journalist, literary critic, travel writer
- Olive Wharry (1886–1947) – artist, arsonist
- Eliza Wigham (1820–1899) – suffragist and abolitionist
- Jane Wigham (1801–1888) – suffragist and abolitionist
- Ellen Wilkinson (1891–1947) – politician, Member of Parliament, served as Minister of Education
- Gertrude Wilkinson (1851–1929) – militant suffragette and member of the Women's Social and Political Union
- Laetitia Withall (1881–1963) – poet, author and militant suffragette
- Celia Wray (1872–1954) – suffragette and architect
- I.A.R. Wylie (1885–1959) – Australian writer, suffragette in UK, working on The Suffragette
- Lucy Yates (1863–1935) – suffragist, writer
- Alice Zimmern (1855–1939) – teacher, writer
North America
[edit]Bahamas
[edit]- Mary Ingraham (1901–1982) – co-founder and president of the Bahamian Women's Suffrage Movement
- Eugenia Lockhart (1908 – c. 1986) – secretary of the Bahamian Women’s Suffrage Movement and secretary of the Women’s Branch of the Progressive Liberal Party[50]
- Georgianna Kathleen Symonette (1902–1965) – co-founder of the Bahamian Women's Suffrage Movement[51]
- Mabel Walker (suffragist) (1902–1987) – American-Bahamian suffragist and co-founder of the Bahamian Women's Suffrage Movement
Barbados
[edit]- Nellie Weekes (1896–1990) – campaigner for women's involvement in politics, who ran for office in 1942, before women were allowed to vote in the country
Bermuda
[edit]- Gladys Morrell (1888–1969) – suffragette leader and secretary of the Bermuda Women's Suffrage Society
Canada
[edit]Cayman Islands
[edit]- Georgette Ebanks (1927–2023) – suffragist who petitioned demanding women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands
- Mary Evelyn Wood (1900–1978) – nurse and suffragist who petitioned demanding women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands; became the first woman elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Cayman Islands
Costa Rica
[edit]- Ana Rosa Chacón (1889–1985) – suffragist and co-founder of Liga Feminista Costarricense (LFC)
- Lidia Fernández – suffragist and co-founder of Liga Feminista Costarricense (LFC)
- Esther de Mézerville (1885–1971) – Guatemalan-born suffragist who helped women get the vote in Costa Rica
Cuba
[edit]- Berta Arocena de Martínez Márquez (1899–1956) – journalist, suffragist and feminist[52]
- María Collado Romero (1885– c. 1968) – journalist, vice-president of the National Suffragist Party, then founder and president of the Democratic Suffragist Party of Cuba[52]
- Hortensia Lamar (1888–1967) – suffragist and president of the Club Femenino de Cuba and the Federación Nacional de Asociaciones Femeninas[53]
- Aída Peláez de Villa Urrutia (1895–1923) – writer, journalist and suffragist who published "Necesidad del voto para la mujer" (Necessity of the vote for women) in El Sufragista magazine
- Pilar Jorge de Tella (1884–1967) – suffragist who presented petitions to the Cuban legislature and constitutional conventions demanding suffrage[54]
Dominican Republic
[edit]- Minerva Bernardino (1907–1998) – Dominican suffragist and diplomat who campaigned internationally to improve women's suffrage in Latin American states and who was involved in creating and later chairing the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)[55]
- Isabel Mayer (1885–1961) – suffragist, politician and socialite who was a member of Acción Feminista Dominicana (AFD)
- Abigail Mejia (1895 –1941) – suffragist, educator and founder of Acción Feminista Dominicana (AFD)[56]
El Salvador
[edit]- Prudencia Ayala (1885–1936) – writer and suffragist who attempted to run as a candidate for the presidency of the Republic, even though the Salvadoran legislation did not recognize women's right to vote
- María Álvarez de Guillén (1889–1980) – novelist and inaugural member of the Inter-American Commission of Women
- Rosa Amelia Guzmán (1922–2011) – journalist, suffragist, and co-founder of the Liga Femenina Salvadoreña (LFS) (Salvadoran Feminist League) whose 1950 speech to the Constituent Assembly was instrumental in women gaining the vote; later one of the first 3 women to gain a seat in the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
Haiti
[edit]- Marie-Thérèse Colimon-Hall (1918–1997) – writer and member of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Women's Social Action League)
- Alice Garoute (1874–1950) – co-founder of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale
- Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau (1905–1970) – sociologist and co-founder of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale
- Yvonne Sylvain (1907–1989) – first female doctor from Haiti, advocate for gender equality, and co-founder of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale
Honduras
[edit]- Graciela Bográn (1896–2000) – educator, writer, trade unionist and women's rights activist
- María Trinidad del Cid (1899–1966) – journalist, feminist and suffragist considered a foundational figure in the fight for women's rights in Honduras
- Lucila Gamero de Medina (1873–1964) – novelist and suffragist
- Paca Navas (1883–1971) – journalist, feminist and suffragist, exiled for her political views
- Alba Alonso de Quesada (1924–2020) – lawyer, academic and politician who submitted petitions to the legislature which granted partial suffrage and granted votes to women who could read and write
Mexico
[edit]- Amalia González Caballero de Castillo Ledón (1898–1986) – politician, founder of Club Internacional de Mujeres, and founder of the Ateneo Mexicano de Mujeres
- Esther Chapa (1904–1970) – medical surgeon, suffragist and member of the Single Front Pro-Women's Rights group (FUPDM)
- Emma Catalina Encinas Aguayo (1909–1990) – suffragist, translator and the first Mexican woman to attain a pilot's license
- Hermila Galindo (1896–1954) – feminist and secretary to President Venustiano Carranza, she influenced his views on women's rights
- Margarita Robles de Mendoza (1896–1954) – suffragist, journalist and founder of the Unión de Mujeres Americanas (UMA) (Union of American Women)
- Elena Sánchez Valenzuela (1900–1950) – silent film actress, archivist and suffragist
- Paulina Ana María Zapata Portillo (1915–2010) – politician and member of the UMA
- Margaret Davidson (1871–1964) – member of Women's Patriotic Association, named Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her work with the Red Cross Society and the Scouting and Girl Guides in New South Wales
- Margaret Iris Duley (1894–1968) – considered Newfoundland's first novelist, member of Women's Patriotic Association
- Julia Salter Earle (1878–1945) – suffragist, trade unionist, one of the first three women to run for St. John's Municipal Council
- Armine Nutting Gosling (1861–1942) – member of Women's Patriotic Association, suffragette, founder and first Secretary of the Ladies Reading Room and Current Events Club, first female member of the Council of Higher Education in Newfoundland
- Fannie Knowling McNeil (1869–1928) – suffragist, social activist, member of the Newfoundland Women's Franchise League, and co-founder of the Newfoundland Society of Art, one of the first three women to run for St. John's Municipal Council
- Janet Morison Miller (1891–1946) – first woman added to the rolls of the Newfoundland Law Society
- Mary Southcott (1862–1943) – nurse, hospital administrator and campaigner
- Helena Squires (1879–1959) – social activist, first woman to win a seat in the Newfoundland House of Assembly
Nicaragua
[edit]- Josefa Toledo de Aguerri, also called Josefa Emilia Toledo Murillo (1866–1962) – Nicaraguan feminist, writer and reform pedagogue
- Juanita Molina de Fromen (1893–1934) – teacher and suffragist
Panama
[edit]- Elida Campodónico (1894–1960) – teacher, women's rights advocate, attorney, first woman ambassador in Latin America
- Tomasa Ester Casís (1878 – 1962) – teacher and suffragist
- Clara González (1898–1990) – feminist, lawyer, judge, and activist
- Gumercinda Páez (1904–1991) – teacher, women's rights activist and suffragette, and Constituent Assemblywoman of Panama
Puerto Rico
[edit]- Isabel Andreu de Aguilar (1887–1948) – educator, helped establish the Puerto Rican Feminist League, was president of Puerto Rican Association of Women Suffragists, and first woman to run for Senate in PR
- Rosario Bellber González (1881–1948) - educator, social worker, women's rights activist, suffragist, and philanthropist; president of the Social League of Suffragists of Puerto Rico (Spanish: La Liga Social Sufragista (LSS) de Puerto Rico)[57][58][59][60]
- Milagros Benet de Mewton (1868–1948) – teacher who filed a lawsuit to press for suffrage
- Carlota Matienzo (1881–1926) – teacher, one of the founders of the Puerto Rican Feminine League and the Suffragist Social League
- Felisa Rincón de Gautier (1897–1994) – mayor of San Juan, first woman to hold post of mayor of a capitol city in the Americas
Trinidad
[edit]- Beatrice Greig (born 1869) – suffragist, writer and advocate
United States
[edit]United States Virgin Islands
[edit]- Bertha C. Boschulte (1906–2004) – Secretary of the St. Thomas Teacher's Association, which sued for women's suffrage in the territory in 1935
- Edith L. Williams (1887–1987) – first woman to attempt to register to vote in the US Virgin Islands
South America
[edit]Argentina
[edit]- Cecilia Grierson (1859–1934) – the first woman physician in Argentina; supporter of women's emancipation, including suffrage
- Julieta Lanteri (1873–1932) – physician, freethinker, and activist; the first woman to vote in Argentina
- Alicia Moreau de Justo (1885–1986) – physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist
- Eva Perón (1919–1952) – First Lady of Argentina, created the first large female political party in the nation
- Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane (1867–1954) – physician, activist for women's and children's rights; co-founder of the Association Pro-Derechos de la Mujer
Belize
[edit]- Gwendolyn Lizarraga (1901–1975) – politician who, when only landowners were eligible as voters, supported women to obtain land grants from the Lands Department
- Elfreda Reyes (1901–1992) – labor organizer, suffragette and member of the Women’s League
Brazil
[edit]- Leolinda de Figueiredo Daltro (1859–1935) – teacher and indigenous' rights activist; co-founder of the Feminine Republican Party
- Celina Guimarães Viana (1890–1972) – Brazilian professor and suffragist; first woman to vote in Brazil
- Ivone Guimarães (1908–1999) – Brazilian professor and activist for women's suffrage
- Jerônima Mesquita (1880–1972) – co-founder of the Federação Brasileira pelo Progresso Feminino
- Carlota Pereira de Queirós (1892–1982) – the first woman to vote and be elected to the Brazilian parliament
- Marie Rennotte (1852–1942) – Native Belgian, naturalized Brazilian teacher and lawyer who founded the Aliança Paulista pelo Sufrágio Feminino with Carrie Chapman Catt's help
- Miêtta Santiago (1903–1995) – Brazilian writer, poet, and lawyer; challenged the constitutionality of the ban on women voting in Brazil
- Maria Werneck de Castro (1909–1993) – lawyer, militant communist, feminist, and supporter of women's suffrage
Chile
[edit]- Celinda Arregui (1864–1941) – feminist politician, writer, teacher, suffrage activist
- María de la Cruz (1912–1995) – political activist, journalist, writer, political commentator, first woman elected to the Chilean senate
- Henrietta Müller (1846–1906) – Chilean-British women's rights activist and theosophist
- Marta Vergara (1898–1995) – co-founder of MEMch; Inter-American Commission of Women delegate
Colombia
[edit]- Ofelia Uribe de Acosta (1900–1988) – suffragist who published the book Una voz insurgente (An Insurgent Voice)
- Esmeralda Arboleda Cadavid (1921–1997) – suffragist, politician and the first woman elected to the Senate of Colombia
- Lucila Rubio de Laverde (1908–1970) – co-founder of the suffrage organizations, Unión Femenina de Colombia (Women's Union of Colombia) (UFC) and the Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Women's Alliance of Colombia)
- María Currea Manrique (1890–1985) – co-founder of the suffrage organizations, Unión Femenina de Colombia (Women's Union of Colombia) (UFC) and the Alianza Femenina de Colombia (Women's Alliance of Colombia)
Ecuador
[edit]- Hipatia Cárdenas de Bustamante (1889–1972) – writer, suffragist and the first female presidential candidate in Ecuador
- Matilde Hidalgo (1889–1974) – physician, poet, and activist who was the first woman in Latin America to exercise her constitutional right to vote in a national election
- Zoila Ugarte de Landívar (1864–1969) – writer, journalist, librarian and suffragist
- María Piedad Castillo de Levi (1888–1962) – poet, journalist, suffragist and a participant in a demonstration on the streets of Guayaquil in 1924
Peru
[edit]- Aurora Cáceres (1877–1958) – writer and suffragist
Uruguay
[edit]- Paulina Luisi Janicki (1875–1949) – leader of the feminist movement in Uruguay, first Uruguayan woman to earn a medical degree in Uruguay (1909)
Venezuela
[edit]- Argelia Laya (1926–1997) – educator and suffragist
- Carmen Clemente Travieso (1900–1983) – journalist and women's rights activist
See also
[edit]- List of women's suffrage publications
- List of women's suffrage organizations
- Anti-suffragists
- List of civil rights leaders
- List of democracy and elections-related topics
- List of feminists
- List of monuments and memorials to women's suffrage
- List of women's rights activists
- Open Christmas Letter
- Seneca Falls Convention
- Suffrage Hikes
- Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries
- Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)
- Timeline of women's suffrage
- Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States
- Women's suffrage in Australia
- Women's suffrage in Japan
- Women's suffrage in New Zealand
- Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
- Women's suffrage in Scotland
- Women's suffrage in the United States
References
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- ^ Wright, Clare Alice (2018). You daughters of freedom : the Australians who won the vote and inspired the world. Melbourne, Vic. ISBN 978-1-925603-93-4. OCLC 1037809229.
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Sources
[edit]- de Haan, Francisca; Daskalova, Krasimira; Loutfi, Anna, eds. (2006). Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4.