User talk:Ppmoi
Topic Paragraph
[edit]Topic Choice = Indonesia Spending on Education and Domestic Resource Mobilisation = This article specifically discussed the government policy to distribute The Spending on Education and Domestic Resource Mobilisation to Each region. Since Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of many separate islands, it is therefore interesting to discuss how spending is distributed in its region.
Annotated Bibliography
[edit]1. World Bank. (2013). Indonesia - Spending More or Spending Better: Improving Education Financing in Indonesia. World Bank, Jakarta. © World Bank.
This report provides data on Indonesia's spending on Education until 2013 and how it has been allocated so far. This article will provide the data for the writer to compare the spending each year.
2. Ministry Of Finance Indonesia. (2021). State Budget. Jakarta.
This Budget report as the basis the spending on education and its allocation in each term.
3. Afkar Et.Al. (2020). How Indonesia’s Subnational Government Spend Their Money On Education. Washington Dc: World Bank Publisher. This report described the different characteristics of Indonesia’s districts. Inequality and divergence were mentioned to measure how the education performance. This is related to the distribution of financing education in diverse districts.
4. Education Sector Analytical and Capacity Development Partnership (ACDP) (2013). General Senior Secondary Education Financing in Indonesia. Jakarta: Agency for Research and Developments (Balitbang), Ministry of Education and Culture. This article discussed how central governance financing impacted provincial education. Moreover, there are some particular data needed to strengthen the topic.
5. Clark et.al. (1998). Financing of Education in Indonesia. Manilla: Asian Development Bank. This book discussed about socio-cultural settings relate to the educational system. Also how the budgeting for education decision making and budgetary process.
The Draft
[edit]How does Indonesia Distribute The Spending on Education and Domestic Resource Mobilisation to Each region?
Indonesia’s spending on education according to the constitutional amendment 2002 has been settled at least 20% minimum of the GDP each year (March 2013). In 2021’s budget, the ministry of education occupies the 6th position for budget allocation. This number is likely to increase from 2020 allocated by the Indonesian government for education (Ministry of Finance, 2021). As the background, Indonesia has 34 provinces located in around 83 million km and spared to the location. Thus we questioning how the government distributes the education budget to several provinces so at least it reaches distribution equality? This article will examine how the government allocates the spending for education, and how they distribute the spending to each province that has different infrastructure, needs, and backgrounds. This article will cover any criteria or pre-condition where the area gets more spending rather than others. Hence, this article will also try to cover whether the budget policy and distribution meet the needs of the particular area. Indonesia has different school levels and systems. The private and public schools, also Islamic schools under the ministry of religion. The education system in Indonesia is divided into three levels, at the first level, children come to elementary school to learn basic education for 6 years. After finishing this term, they expected to continue to junior secondary school (Sekolah Menengah Pertama) for three years and three years more for secondary school (Sekolah Menengah Atas) (Clark et.al, 1998). The different school levels and systems come and impact their different budgeting and finance.
The budgeting system for public schools went through the Ministry of Education. Yet, there are some ministries that also relate to Indonesia Budgeting for Education and Human Resource mobilization including the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Religion, and the National Development Planning Board (BAPPENAS). On the other side, the private Islamic school budgeting is managed by the Ministry of Religion (Clark et al, 1998). In 2021 the central government spending for education through Line minister and BA BUN around 184,6 trillion and 299,1trillion transferred to the region. This amount and allocation have different aims whether in central government or region government. The central government focuses the budget on improving quality and Indonesia's resources. While the region government focus to provide accessible and equitable education, improving teacher welfare, and IT support. Also, to support the digitalization of education (Ministry of Finance, 2021).
The following paragraphs will focus on: - How the region spends its budget, to what extent, how, and which part of education support they spend their budget (teacher spending, training, and student development spending). - 2 paragraphs of this article will cover exceptional provinces which get an extra budget or a different budget in particular conditions (this will cover the reason, and how the regional government uses this extra budget, and to what extend). - Conclusion: Cover the whole paragraph, and answer the question about Indonesia’s distribution policy to each region in some sentences.
References (some sources available in Google Scholars and Government website:
Peer Review
[edit]1. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/User_talk:Icer_51020#Peer_Feedback
Peer Review Response
[edit]- I will correct the grammatical error and typos: That will improve my articles
- Put some data and statistics: To justify my arguments
- I will add subheadings to give the specific patterns for the paragraph
comments I wouldn't use: - 800 words including the reference, I will continue my article instead - — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ppmoi (talk • contribs) 20:02, 6 December 2021 (UTC) 2. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/User_talk:Jemdrew/sandbox