User talk:Djansen15/sandbox

Feedback on Draft from Samjam

GREAT JOB! First off I would like to say thank you for examining such an important piece and issue! I appreciate your thoughtful piece on resiliency. Teaching young people that they can and are resilient is essential to achieving academic success! This shows your deep understanding of this problem. Since I am not a great writer I am always uncomfortable "editing" some one else's piece of work. I will CAPITALIZE what I think you should look at. Please remember these are not criticism only thoughts that I have reading the article. This is an area of passion for me so please forgive me if I get excited! Where I added links I thought you should be connected to that article since it can effect academic success. On the global level there are some articles about chinese at risk students that I saw recently in Cowles. You could also use the PERU text on becoming somebody and talk about challenges to receive education. The GARCIA text about Latina at risk for pregnancy and not completing school or the WALLIS article on New Media Practices for chinese and discuss boys who get sent to video game camp when they become at risk. I am unclear exactly how to tie it in but I am sure you are creative!

An at-risk student is a term used in the United States to describe a student who requires temporary or ongoing intervention in order to succeed academically I NOTICE THAT YOU DO NOT DEFINE SUCCESS! IS THIS HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION MAYBE A COUPLE WAYS TO LOOK AT FAILURE SINCE IT IS HARD TO DEFINE IN US)?.[1] At risk students, sometimes referred to as at-risk youth, are also adolescents who are less likely to transition successfully into adulthood and achieve economic self-sufficiency.[2]Characteristics of at-risk students include emotional or behavioral problems, truancy, low academic performance, showing a lack of interest for academics, and expressing a disconnection from the school environment. [3]

Divided away - please edit directly into the article instead

Hi, User:SamJam830 - please edit the sandbox instead of cutting and pasting into the talk page. Your comments, which I set aside, above, are WONDERFUL - detailed, precise, helpful. Djansen15 can use these as they edit.

The work you you did, below, should instead be done as edits that you incorporate into the sandbox article. Please delete this section (the part I've labeled "divided." Then, these edits can go in the page. Keep going! You're being very helpful, and this is a learning process. Prof.Vandegrift (talk) 15:26, 5 November 2014 (UTC) Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Risk factors 2.1 Poverty 2.2 Child Abuse 2.3 Family Instability and Dysfunction 2.4 School Environment and Community Resources 2.5 Minority Youth 3 Early Intervention 3.1 Remediation 3.2 Resilience 4 At-risk programs History[edit] The term "at-risk" came into use after the 1983 article "A Nation at Risk", published by the National Commission on Excellence in Education. The article described United States society as being economically and socially endangered.[4] At-risk students are those students who have been labeled, either officially or unofficially, as being in danger of academic failure. In the U.S., different states define "at-risk" differently, so it is difficult to compare the varying state policies on the subject.

Students who are labeled as "at-risk" face a number of challenges that other students do not. According to Becky Smerdon's research for the American Institutes for Research, students, especially boys, with low socioeconomic status (and therefore more likely to be labeled "at-risk") show feelings of isolation and estrangement in their schools.[5] Educational philosopher Gloria Ladson-Billings claimed in a 2006 speech that the label itself actually contributes to the challenges. Her view is that, "We cannot saddle these babies at kindergarten with this label and expect them to proudly wear it for the next 13 years, and think, 'Well, gee, I don't know why they aren't doing good.'"[6] GREAT QUOTE

The problem of "at-risk" is not one that affects only the individuals labeled as such. Society as a whole is affected when such a large portion of the population is at-risk.WHAT IS THE THREAT? INCREASED CRIME? LOW SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS/ BURDEN ON THE SYSTEM Many of the approaches currently used to remediate at-risk students are attempts at a quick-fix. ''Such approaches are not a viable way to alleviate the problem that faces society.[7]

Risk factors[edit] Poverty[edit] Youth that come from low Socio-economic status are more likely to be labeled “at-risk”. Growing up in poverty is associated with many negative outcomes, which impacts transition into adulthood and may affect later self-sufficiency. The timing, depth, and duration of poverty during adolescence are important when evaluating the likelihood of negative outcomes. Youth living in households with income under 50% of the federal poverty level are those most vulnerable.[2]

Child Abuse[edit] Child abuse (I WOULD LINK THIS SO OTHERS CAN FIND YOU )has been associated with poor physical, mental, and cognitive development. Neglect and abuse have been linked to lower cognitive functioning and language delays, which greatly impact a student’s ability to learn. Emotional problems such as, low self-esteem and depression are common amongst those abused. Physical abuse, in particular, has been linked to adolescent aggression. [2]

Family Instability and Dysfunction[edit] Growing up in a stable two-parent household is associated with better health, academic achievement, and social skills like healthy interaction with peers. Studies have shown changes in structure such as parental divorce, co-habitation, and remarriage have a strong negative relationship between multiple transitions of family structures and academic success. Children who are exposed to domestic violence, criminal activity, or substance abuse (LINK HERE SINCE THIS MAY BE EFFECT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE) have a much higher chance of long-term behavioral problems, such as alcoholism and drug abuse and mental health problems. [2]

School Environment and Community Resources[edit] Schools can place students “at-risk” by leaving them without academic skills and preparedness. School environments can often be places of struggle for many adolescent youth. Bullying in particular is likely to lead to student disengagement putting students at risk for behavioral problems and school dropout.[2] (IF YOU LIKE THE TERM BULLYING YOU SHOULD LINK WITH IT) (I AM NOT CRAZY ABOUT THE TERM AND IT'S USE , IT DOES CREATE CONVERSATION AND ATTENTION!)

High poverty neighborhoods are often characterized by high crime rates, limited resources, and underperforming schools. Schools with fewer resources are more likely to be associated with poor academic outcomes. Fewer resources means low teacher student ratios, low student spending, and lower overall academic performance. These neighborhoods often lack the resources needed to help youth overcome risk factors.[2](UNDER PERFORMING SCHOOLS ARE FREQUENTLY IN HIGH POVERTY NEIGHBORHOODS WITH LIMITED RESOURCES AND HIGH CRIME) (THIS I FEEL BETTER EXPLAINS THE SITUATION)

Minority Youth[edit] Minority youth, particularly African-Americans and Latino youth, face many barriers to self-sufficiency that white students are less likely to face. Racial discrimination can lead to violence and bullying. Racism also can hinder youth job opportunities. African-Americans and minorities are more likely to live in high poverty environments characterized by underperforming schools with limited resources and therefore have a higher chance of academic failure. Immigrant youth also face several challenges with adapting to the culture and experience intensified problems such as language barriers and legal battles. [2]

Early Intervention[edit] Remediation[edit] The sooner at-risk students are identified, the more likely that preventative remediation measures will be effective. Examples of remediation include:[8]

remediation programs tutoring child care services medical care substance abuse awareness programs bilingual instruction employment training close follow up procedures on truancy and absenteeism. Resilience[edit] Psychologists have long recognized that many youth adjust properly despite being raised in high risk circumstances. This capacity to cope with adversity, even being strengthened by it, is crucial to developing resilience; or the human capacity to face, overcome, and ultimately be strengthened by life's adversities and challenges.[9] I LOVE THIS PART!!! AMAZING!!!

Resilience is an important character trait for youth trying to mitigate risk factors. Resilience is used to describe the qualities that aid in the successful adaptation, life-transition, and social competence of youth despite risk and adversity. Resilience is manifested by having a strong sense of purpose and a belief in success; including goal direction, education aspirations, motivation, persistence, and optimism. Getting youth involved in extra circular activities is important in building resilience and remediation. Particularly those involving cooperative approaches, such as peer helping, cross age mentoring, and community service.[10]

MAYBE TRAUMA IS HOW WE SEE RESILIENCY? HOW WE OVERCOME TRAUMA IS BEING RESILIENT, BUILDING A VISION. ARE THE TRAUMATIC LIFE EXPERIENCES LIKE PTSD? I AM UNCLEAR BUT THINK THIS COULD BE TWO SMALL SECTIONS. Childhood trauma (CAN BE DAMAGING. IT IS DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE) contributes significantly to resilience. Many youth that have experienced trauma have an inability to cope with and adjust to new surroundings. Trauma overwhelms one’s ability to cope and may lead them to isolate against the fears of modern life, often viewing the world as a threatening or dangerous place. These students distrust others, including adults, and because of traumatic experiences rely on themselves to keep safe. New or unexpected stimuli can often trigger traumatic flash-backs. Slamming doors, loud announcements, students and teachers shouting can trigger instant terror within a child who has suffered from trauma. [11] Teachers are critical in nurturing and building resilience in at risk students exposed to trauma. Although, being empowered to participate in their own healing, gives young people a sense of self control, safety, and purpose. [12] FACTORS THAT INCREASE RESILIENCY ARE; ONE CARING PERSON, HIGH EXPECTATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES TO PARTICIPATE (great lead in to next section) At-risk programs[edit] Title I is one of the largest United States federal programs in K-12 education.Title I provides financial resources to schools, particularly those in low socio-economic communities, to ensure that low-income students meet challenging state academic standards. [13]

Big Brothers Big Sisters of America is a program that establishes meaningful monitored mentoring between volunteers and at risk youth ages 6-18. Big Brothers Big Sisters is the largest donor and volunteer supported mentoring network in the United States. The organizations mission is to provide children facing adversity with strong, enduring, and professional one-to-one connections that forever change their lives for the better. [14]

Reading Rockets is a United States government funded project that supports the needs of at-risk youth by offering research based reading strategies, lessons, and activities designed to help children learn to read and read better. The program aims to help struggling readers build fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension skills.

GREAT JOBSamjam830 (talk) 21:36, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

Feedback from Thisismyusername1994

Good article Djansen15. Everything seemed to flow really well. There is only a few things I believe that should be changed/added. As Samjam830 already said you need to define success. You should state what some remediation programs are and what their goals are. You should expand on the At risk students Globally section, you might consider the Timepass article on Indian for a source. The programs section should also be expanded to include programs in other countries as well, this is why I included the In the U.S. sub heading. And Finally is there a way for you to delete the list of sources directly under Reading Rockets, not the one under the References heading. This is a really good start. Thisismyusername1994 (talk) 20:09, 7 November 2014 (UTC)