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Background

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The first use of the term “public criminology” can be traced to a publication by Eamonn Carrabine, Maggy Lee, and Nigel South, however, more recent criminologists have developed the concept.[1] For example, Uggen and Inderbitzin[2] have expanded the scope of the term by suggesting it would place greater emphasis on work that informs public understandings about issues such as crime, punishment, criminal law, and criminal justice. Similarly, Loader and Sparks[3] believe that public criminology can be a tool for laying the foundations for a more open conversation about the place of criminal justice in a democratic society. Another Public Criminologist, Clifford R. Shaw, was persistent in his efforts to improve the circumstances of both communities and individuals in Chicago.[4]  Shaw studied the relationship between the neighborhoods of Chicago and crime. With the findings from his research, he formulated what is now known as social disorganization theory, which links crime crates in a neighborhood to neighborhood ecological characteristics. He conducted research in Chicago neighborhoods and involved the residents of the communities that had high crime rates and delinquency to learn from them and communicate his research findings. As time went on, Shaw founded the Chicago Area Project which was geared to reduce conditions that resulted in high delinquency.

Other notable public Criminologists,  Elliot Currie[5]and George Kirkham, have contributed to the field of Public Criminology in many ways. Elliot Currie is a professor of criminology at the University of California at Irvine who works on policy and specializes in cases of violent crime, the social context of delinquency, etiology of drug abuse and the assessment of drug policy, race and criminal justice.[6][7]George L. Kirkham was a criminologist who became a police officer. He wrote a book entitled "signal zero" in 1976 which was an attempt to change student's perceptions of a police officer.[8]

Uggen and Inderbitzin believe that the efforts of Public Criminologists can help revitalize the passions that students’ have when they begin their degree. The uniqueness and hands-on approach can inspire a future generation of public criminologists.[9]Having a more open dialogue can  reshape public debates, and policy, and bring new perspectives on crime to the table.

The response to Uggen and Inderbitzin’s research has been generally positive, however several authors have expressed concern, some are convinced that Public Criminology itself has several issues that first must be addressed,[10]a current lack of resources, such as funding, for the project,[11] the indifference of policy makers to criminological insights,[12] or a similar indifference found in academic criminology for policy-making issues.[13]

Public criminology was formed to make criminological research available to the public and to create discussions.[14][15][16] The nature of criminological research can be concerning and evoke strong emotions in the general public..[17][18][19] However, information can be skewed and misinterpreted, which is why public criminologists interpret research for the public; who may not have time or gone to higher education.  Uggen and Inderbitizin[20] believe that Public Criminology urges the public and scholars to understand new research and valuable implications.

The overall objective of public criminologists is to create discussions and provide information to the community. Researchers work to make accurate and understandable evidence available for citizens to shape their opinions with. So public misconceptions on crime, criminals, and the justice system can be reduced. Being done by providing more accurate descriptions of current problems making effective dialogues and reforms more possible.


Assignment 3d

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Plan

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  • condense needs into history
  • Change title of "The Need for Public Criminology" so it does not sound like we NEED itBreezyLBM (talk) 16:58, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
  • Turning needs and history to "background"BreezyLBM (talk) 16:58, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
  • Look at other wiki pages, close to topic to see the break down of the pageBreezyLBM (talk) 16:58, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
  • take out graph of "Historical Examples" and "Contribution"BreezyLBM (talk) 16:58, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
  • Take out info in C.B. It is not properly relevant and dated with false info, using C.B. as his own reference.BreezyLBM (talk) 16:58, 23 May 2019 (UTC)

Bibliography

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(Keep) Shaw[21]

Ohlin[22]

Public crim can be traced to"[23]

Uggen and Inderbitzen[24]

Loader[25]

Comments

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@Shuelke: @BreezyLBM: @????1: @Smithpf:: I need more of a plan here. How wll you condense? What kinds of things will you "cut out"? Will you combine anything? What will be the overall goal or vision of the revision here?

  1. ^ Carrabine, Eamonn; Lee, Maggy; South, Nigel (2000). "Social Wrongs and Human Rights in Late Modern Britain: Social Exclusion, Crime Control, and Prospects for a Public Criminology". Social Justice. 27 (2 (80)): 193–211. ISSN 1043-1578. JSTOR 29767214.
  2. ^ Uggen, Christopher; Inderbitzin, Michelle (2010-11). "Public criminologies". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 725–749. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00666.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Loader, Ian; Sparks, Richard (2010-11). "What is to be done with public criminology?". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 771–781. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00669.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ Shaw, Clifford R. (1966). The Jack-roller : a delinquent boy's own story. The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226751260. OCLC 875758167.
  5. ^ Professor in the Science department at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, USA; M, Gittings; N, Petraco; Associate Professor, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, USA.; M, Roberts; Assistant Professor, John Jay College Justice, New York, USA (2016-09-30). "A Method for the Differentiation of Single-Base and Double-Base Smokeless Powders using the Hanging Drop Technique" (PDF). International Journal of Forensic Science & Pathology: 266–270. doi:10.19070/2332-287X-1600063.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Currie, Elliott (2007-5). "Against marginality: Arguments for a public criminology". Theoretical Criminology. 11 (2): 175–190. doi:10.1177/1362480607075846. ISSN 1362-4806. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Crawford, John P. (1986-12). "Book Reviews : Confronting Crime: An American Challenge. Elliott Currie. Pantheon Books, 1985. 326 pp. cloth". Criminal Justice Policy Review. 1 (4): 461–464. doi:10.1177/088740348600100408. ISSN 0887-4034. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Rickard, John T. (1977-01). "The zero-crossing interval statistics of the smoothed random telegraph signal". Information Sciences. 13 (3): 253–268. doi:10.1016/0020-0255(77)90048-2. ISSN 0020-0255. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Uggen, Christopher; Inderbitzin, Michelle (2010-11). "Public criminologies". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 725–749. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00666.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ Rock, Paul (2010-11). "Comment on "Public Criminologies"". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 751–767. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00667.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ Land, Kenneth C. (2010-11). "Who will be the public criminologists? How will they be supported?". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 769–770. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00668.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Tonry, Michael (2010-11). ""Public criminology" and evidence-based policy". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 783–797. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00670.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Mears, Daniel P. (2010-11). "The role of research and researchers in crime and justice policy". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 799–805. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00671.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Turner, E. (2013). "Beyond 'Facts' and 'Values': Rethinking Some Recent Debates about the Public Role of Criminology". British Journal of Criminology. 53 (1): 149–166. doi:10.1093/bjc/azs048. ISSN 0007-0955.
  15. ^ Uggen, Christopher; Inderbitzin, Michelle (2010). "Public criminologies". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 725–749. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00666.x. ISSN 1745-9133.
  16. ^ Loader, Ian; Sparks, Richard (2010). "What is to be done with public criminology?". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 771–781. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00669.x. ISSN 1745-9133.
  17. ^ Turner, E. (2013). "Beyond 'Facts' and 'Values': Rethinking Some Recent Debates about the Public Role of Criminology". British Journal of Criminology. 53 (1): 149–166. doi:10.1093/bjc/azs048. ISSN 0007-0955.
  18. ^ Uggen, Christopher; Inderbitzin, Michelle (2010). "Public criminologies". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 725–749. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00666.x. ISSN 1745-9133.
  19. ^ Loader, Ian; Sparks, Richard (2010). "What is to be done with public criminology?". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 771–781. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00669.x. ISSN 1745-9133.
  20. ^ Uggen, Christopher; Inderbitzin, Michelle (2010-11). "Public criminologies". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 725–749. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00666.x. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Shaw, Clifford R. (Clifford Robe), 1895-1957, ([1966]). The jack-roller; a delinquent boy's own story,. Chicago,: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226751260. OCLC 175053. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Burfeind, James W., 1953- (2011). Juvenile delinquency : an integrated approach. Bartusch, Dawn Jeglum. (2nd ed ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 9780763758103. OCLC 437300506. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Turner, E. (2013-01-01). "Beyond 'Facts' and 'Values': Rethinking Some Recent Debates about the Public Role of Criminology". British Journal of Criminology. 53 (1): 149–166. doi:10.1093/bjc/azs048. ISSN 0007-0955.
  24. ^ Uggen, Christopher; Inderbitzin, Michelle (2010). "Public criminologies". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 725–749. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00666.x. ISSN 1745-9133.
  25. ^ Loader, Ian; Sparks, Richard (2010). "What is to be done with public criminology?". Criminology & Public Policy. 9 (4): 771–781. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9133.2010.00669.x. ISSN 1745-9133.
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