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The Commonwealth
Member states of the Commonwealth
HeadquartersMarlborough House
London, SW1
United Kingdom
Working languageEnglish
TypeVoluntary Association[1]
Member states
Leaders
• Head
Charles III
Patricia Scotland
Boris Johnson
Establishment
19 November 1926
11 December 1931[2]
28 April 1949
Area
• Total
29,958,050 km2 (11,566,870 sq mi)
Population
• 2016 estimate
2,418,964,000
• Density
75/km2 (194.2/sq mi)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
A flag featuring both cross and saltire in red, white and blue
Anthem: "God Save the King"[note 1]
Location of the Ric36/sandbox (dark green)

in Europe (dark grey)

Capital
and largest city
London
51°30′N 0°7′W / 51.500°N 0.117°W / 51.500; -0.117
Official language
and national language
English
Regional and minority languages[note 2]
Ethnic groups
(2011)
Religion
Demonym(s)
Constituent countries
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary
constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
George VII
Liz Truss
LegislatureParliament
House of Lords
House of Commons
Formation
1535 and 1542
24 March 1603
1 May 1707
1 January 1801
5 December 1922
Area
• Total
242,495 km2 (93,628 sq mi)[11] (78th)
• Water (%)
1.51 (2015)[10]
Population
• 2020 estimate
Neutral increase 67,886,004[12] (21st)
• 2011 census
63,182,178[13] (22nd)
• Density
270.7/km2 (701.1/sq mi) (50th)
GDP (PPP)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $3.174 trillion[14] (10th)
• Per capita
Increase $47,089[14] (24th)
GDP (nominal)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $3.124 trillion[14] (5th)
• Per capita
Increase $46,344[14] (21st)
Gini (2018)Negative increase 33.5[15]
medium inequality (33rd)
HDI (2019)Increase 0.932[16]
very high (13th)
CurrencyPound sterling[note 4] (GBP)
Time zoneUTC (Greenwich Mean Time, WET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+1 (British Summer Time, WEST)
[note 5]
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
yyyy-mm-dd (AD)
Drives onleft[note 6]
Calling code+44[note 7]
ISO 3166 codeGB
Internet TLD.uk[note 8]
November 2024
Week Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
W44 28 29 30 31 01 02 03
W45 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
W46 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
W47 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
W48 25 26 27 28 29 30 01



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The St. Johns River, at 310 miles (500 km), is the longest river in the U.S. state of Florida. From the headwaters to the mouth, its drop in elevation is less than 30 feet (9 m) as it runs through or alongside twelve counties, creating a very low flow rate. The river's widest point is nearly 3 miles (5 km) across, and its narrowest point is in the headwaters, a marsh in Indian River County. In all, 3.5 million people live within the various watersheds that feed into the river. The entire drainage basin of 8,840 square miles (22,900 km2) includes some of Florida's major wetlands. Residents along or near the St. Johns have included Paleo-Indians, Archaic people, Timucua, Mocama, French and Spanish settlers, Seminoles, Colonial-era pioneer settlers, slaves and freedmen. It has been the subject of William Bartram's journals, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings' books, and Harriet Beecher Stowe's letters. In 1998 the Environmental Protection Agency named the river one of 14 American Heritage Rivers. (Full article...)

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  1. ^ "Commonwealth Charter". Retrieved 5 March 2019. Recalling that the Commonwealth is a voluntary association of independent and equal sovereign states, each responsible for its own policies, consulting and co-operating in the common interests of our peoples and in the promotion of international understanding and world peace, and influencing international society to the benefit of all through the pursuit of common principles and values
  2. ^ "Annex B – Territories Forming Part of the Commonwealth" (PDF). [[Civil Service (United Kingdom)|]]. September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-12-06. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  3. ^ "National Anthem". Official web site of the British Royal Family. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  4. ^ "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148". Council of Europe. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  6. ^ "Welsh language scheme". GOV.UK. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  7. ^ "Welsh language scheme". GOV.UK. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  8. ^ "UNdata | record view | Population by religion, sex and urban/rural residence". data.un.org. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  9. ^ Philby, Charlotte (12 December 2012). "Less religious and more ethnically diverse: Census reveals a picture of Britain today". The Independent. London.
  10. ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  11. ^ "Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". population.un.org. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  13. ^ "2011 UK censuses". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  14. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook database: April 2021". International Monetary Fund. April 2021.
  15. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  16. ^ "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.


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