User:Khaen23/sandbox
Along with the help of a few classmates, I will be attempting to add to the laryngectomy wikipedia page. The contribution that I was planning on including was information on esophageal and/or tracheoesophageal speech post-laryngectomy. As I continue my research, I will include relevant articles in a bibliography below.
Relevant journal articles (reviews or meta-analyses):
Review of voice rehabilitation methods post-laryngectomy[1]
The use of botulinum toxin to improve voice post-laryngectomy[2]
Guidelines post-head and neck cancer[3]
Laryngectomy and radiotherapy[4]
Tracheoesophageal prosthesis[5]
Voice rehabilitation[6]
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Potentially relevant books:
Medical procedure overviews[7]
Laryngectomie surgery[8]
Voice rehabilitation using prostheses[9]
Cancer réhabilitation (head/neck)[10]
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Although it is not a journal article or a book, this website from ASHA provides key information:
Signs, symptoms and care[11]
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Suggested additions for the tracheoesophageal speech section of the laryngectomy wikipedia page:
Expansions on sections already present:
In total laryngectomy, the larynx (including the vocal folds, hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid cartilage and a few tracheal cartilage rings) are removed.[10]
Tracheoesophageal punctures (TEP) with voice prostheses allows individuals post-laryngectomy to have a voice to speak, while also avoiding aspiration of saliva, food or other liquids.[12]
Tracheoesophageal speech is considered more natural sounding than esophageal speech, but voice quality differs from person to person.[10]
Methods of diagnosis of laryngeal cancer:
Certain laryngeal cancer locations (e.g. at the level of the glottis) can cause an individual's voice to sound hoarse.[10]
To determine the severity/spread of the laryngeal cancer and the level of vocal fold function, indirect laryngoscopies using mirrors, endoscopies (rigid or flexible) and/or stroboscopies may be performed.[10] Other methods of visualizations using CT scans, MRIs and PET scans and investigations of the cancer through biopsies can also be completed. Examinations are used to determine the tumor classification (TNM classification) and the stage (1-4) of the tumor.[10] The increasing classifications from T1 to T4 indicates the spread/size of the tumor and provides information on which surgical intervention is recommended, where T1-T3 (smaller tumors) may require partial laryngectomies and T4 (larger tumors) may require complete laryngectomies.[10]
Use of Botulinum toxin:
For individuals using tracheoesophageal or esophageal speech, botulinum toxin may be injected to improve voice quality when spasms or increased tone (hypertonicity) is present at the level of the pharyngoesophageal segment muscles.[2] The amount of botulinum toxin administered unilaterally into two or three sites along the pharyngoesophageal segment varies from 15 to 100 units per injection. Positive voice improvements are possible after a single injection, however outcomes are variable. Dosages may need to be re-administered (individual-dependent) after a number of months, where effective results are expected to last for about 6-9months.[2]
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- ^ Xi, Shuxin (December 2010). "Effectiveness of voice rehabilitation on vocalisation in postlaryngectomy patients: a systematic review". International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare. 8 (4): 256–258. doi:10.1111/j.1744-1609.2010.00177.x. ISSN 1744-1609. PMID 21091891.
- ^ a b c Khemani, S.; Govender, R.; Arora, A.; O'Flynn, P. E.; Vaz, F. M. (December 2009). "Use of botulinum toxin in voice restoration after laryngectomy". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 123 (12): 1308–1313. doi:10.1017/S0022215109990430. ISSN 1748-5460. PMID 19607736. S2CID 33085769.
- ^ Clarke, P; Radford, K; Coffey, M; Stewart, M (2016). "Speech and swallow rehabilitation in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 130 (Suppl 2): S176–S180. doi:10.1017/S0022215116000608. ISSN 0022-2151. PMC 4873894. PMID 27841134.
- ^ de Casso, Carmen; Slevin, Nicholas J.; Homer, Jarrod J. (December 2008). "The impact of radiotherapy on swallowing and speech in patients who undergo total laryngectomy". Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 139 (6): 792–797. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.08.023. ISSN 0194-5998. PMID 19041505. S2CID 7381046.
- ^ Barauna Neto, José Carlos; Dedivitis, Rogério Aparecido; Aires, Felipe Toyama; Pfann, Robert Zasawadzki; Matos, Leandro Luongo; Cernea, Claudio Roberto (2017). "Comparison between Primary and Secondary Tracheoesophageal Puncture Prosthesis: A Systematic Review". ORL; Journal for Oto-rhino-laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 79 (4): 222–229. doi:10.1159/000477970. ISSN 1423-0275. PMID 28768272. S2CID 3527730.
- ^ Singer, Susanne; Merbach, Martin; Dietz, Andreas; Schwarz, Reinhold (October 2007). "Psychosocial determinants of successful voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy". Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA. 70 (10): 407–423. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(08)70030-3. ISSN 1726-4901. PMID 17962139. S2CID 12647654.
- ^ J., Street, Laurence (2011). Clinical procedures for medical technology specialists. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781420082005. OCLC 680036340.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Erik., Wigand, Malte (1984). Functional Partial Laryngectomy : Conservation Surgery for Carcinoma of the Larynx. Steiner, Wolfgang., Stell, P. M. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 9783642695773. OCLC 858930033.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ferdinand., Herrmann, Ingo (1986). Speech Restoration Via Voice Prostheses. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 9783642714153. OCLC 851754271.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g Ward, Elizabeth C; Van As-Brooks, Corina J (2014). Head and neck cancer : treatment, rehabilitation, and outcomes (Second ed.). San Diego, CA. ISBN 9781597566599. OCLC 891328651.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Laryngeal cancer". ASHA.
- ^ Lorenz, Kai J. (2017). "Rehabilitation after Total Laryngectomy—A Tribute to the Pioneers of Voice Restoration in the Last Two Centuries". Frontiers in Medicine. 4: 81. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00081. ISSN 2296-858X. PMC 5483444. PMID 28695120.