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Welcome!

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Hi Cicognac! I noticed your contributions and wanted to welcome you to the Wikipedia community. I hope you like it here and decide to stay.

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Happy editing! MinorProphet (talk) 19:43, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Welcome again

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Hi, Cicognac,

Many many moons ago I timidly started editing on Wikipedia. It takes a very long time to feel confident here. Do tiny things to start with, don't make a fuss. Be prepared to have your ideas shot down in flames, crash and burn. In general, try not to get involved in controversial subjects. The swift way to fame is: Reliable Sources and References. There is no single preferred way to create a reference on WP, which is one of its overriding faults. As they all say, trying to create your first article is the almost the hardest thing you can do on WP. If you enjoy dispute, there is no shortage of other editors who will doubt you and your sources. The talk pages will determine whether you can hold your point of view, backed up by reliable sources. These days I feel I can cope with anything that any WP editor can throw at me. It was not always the case, but then I've been here since 2008. Feel free to ask me anything about WP, I certainly don't pretend to have all the answers. My talk page is here. Best of luck. MinorProphet (talk) 19:43, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Sandbox

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https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%84%BF%F0%92%8C%91%F0%92%83%B7#Hittite

Personal pronouns (nominative case)

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Pronoun PIE PC
I *éǵ > *me [acc.] *mī
You *túh₂ *tū
He *ís *se
She *só [m.] > *séh₂ [f.] > variant *sih₂ *sī
It *íd *ed
We *wéy > *nos [acc.] > variant *nēs *snīs; *snīsnīs
You (all) *yū́ > *wos [acc.] > variant *wēs *swīs; *swīswīs
They (m.) *éyes *eyes

Three examples of verbs

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(The following examples lack the dual plural and are conjugated in the present tense)

"To bear/carry"
Pronoun PIE PC
I *bʰéroh₂ *berū
You *bʰéresi *beresi
He, she, it *bʰéreti *bereti
We *bʰéromos *beromosi
You (all) *bʰérete *beretesi
They *bʰéronti *beronti
"To be" (athematic)
Pronoun PIE PC
I *h₁ésmi *esmi
You *h₁ési *esi
He, she, it *h₁ésti *esti
We *h₁smós *esomosi
You (all) *h₁sté *esetesi
They *h₁sénti *esonti

Examples of noun declension

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(The following examples lack the dual number)

Masculine noun

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"Bear"
Case Singular Plural
Nom. PIE *h₂ŕ̥tḱos > PC *artos PIE *h₂ŕ̥tḱoes > PC *artoi
Gen. *h₂ŕ̥tḱosyo > *artī *h₂ŕ̥tḱoHom > *artom
Dat. *h₂ŕ̥tḱoey > *artūi *h₂ŕ̥tḱomos > *artobos
Acc. *h₂ŕ̥tḱom > *artom *h₂ŕ̥tḱoms > *artoms
Voc. *h₂ŕ̥tḱe > *arte *h₂ŕ̥tḱoes > *artūs
Loc. *h₂ŕ̥tḱey > *artei *h₂ŕ̥tḱoysu > ?
Instr. *h₂ŕ̥tḱoh₁ > *artū *h₂ŕ̥tḱōys > *artūis

Feminine noun

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"Open land"
Case Singular Plural
Nom. PIE *ln̥dʰéh₂ > PC *landā PIE *ln̥dʰéh₂es > PC *landās
Gen. *ln̥dʰéh₂s > *landās *ln̥dʰéh₂oHom > *landom
Dat. *ln̥dʰéh₂ey > *landāi *ln̥dʰéh₂mos > *landābos
Acc. *ln̥dʰā́m > *landam *ln̥dʰéh₂m̥s > *landāms
Voc. *ln̥dʰéh₂ > *landā *ln̥dʰéh₂es > *landās
Loc. *ln̥dʰéh₂i > *landai *ln̥dʰéh₂su > ?
Instr. *ln̥dʰéh₂h₁ > ? *ln̥dʰéh₂mis > *landābis

Neuter noun

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"Yoke"
Case Singular Plural
Nom. PIE *yugóm > PC *yugom PIE *yugéh₂ > PC *yugā
Gen. *yugósyo > *yugī *yugóHom > *yugom
Dat. *yugóey > *yugūi *yugómos > *yugobos
Acc. *yugóm > *yugom *yugéh₂ > *yugā
Voc. *yugóm > *yugom *yugéh₂ > *yugā
Loc. *yugéy > *yugei *yugóysu > ?
Instr. *yugóh₁ > *yugū *yugṓys > *yugūis

An example of adjectival declension

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(The following example lacks the dual number)

"High"
Case Masculine

(singular)

Feminine

(singular)

Neuter

(singular)

Nom. PIE *h₂ḱrós > PC *akros PIE *h₂ḱréh₂ > PC *akrā PIE *h₂ḱróm > PC *akrom
Gen. *h₂ḱrósyo > *akrī *h₂ḱréh₂s > *akrās *h₂ḱrósyo > *akrī
Dat. *h₂ḱróey > *akrūi *h₂ḱréh₂ey > *akrai *h₂ḱróey > *akrūi
Acc. *h₂ḱróm > *akrom *h₂ḱrā́m > *akram *h₂ḱróm > *akrom
Voc. *h₂ḱré > *akre *h₂ḱréh₂ > *akrā *h₂ḱróm > *akrom
Instr. *h₂ḱróh₁ > *akrū *h₂ḱréh₂h₁ > ? *h₂ḱróh₁ > *akrū
Case Masculine

(plural)

Feminine

(plural)

Neuter

(plural)

Nom. PIE *h₂ḱróes > PC *akroi PIE *h₂ḱréh₂es > PC *akrās PIE *h₂ḱréh₂ > PC *akrā
Gen. *h₂ḱróHom > *akrom *h₂ḱréh₂oHom > *akrom *h₂ḱróHom > *akrom
Dat. *h₂ḱrómos > *akrobos *h₂ḱréh₂mos > *akrābos *h₂ḱrómos > *akrobis
Acc. *h₂ḱróms > *akroms *h₂ḱréh₂m̥s > *akrams *h₂ḱréh₂ > *akrā
Voc. *h₂ḱróes > *akroi *h₂ḱréh₂es > *akrās *h₂ḱréh₂ > *akrā
Instr. *h₂ḱrṓys > *akrobis *h₂ḱréh₂mis > *akrābis *h₂ḱrṓys > *akrobis

Numerals

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All know numerals in Hittite are inflected in the nominative case.

Numeral PIE PAn Hitt
One (1) *h₁óynos > h₁óyn̥ki

*is + (h₁)yós ?

*ayanki

? ?

a-an-ki (𒀀𒀭𒆠)

šia-[1] ās

Two (2) *dwóh₁ ? dā-; tuwa/i-; ta-us[2]; ta-el
Three (3) *tréyes *trḗs tri-es
Four (4) *kʷetwóres *gʷetʷóres meyawas, mēwas (Lycian teteri)
Five (5) *pénkʷe ? (Luwian paⁿta)
Six (6) *swéḱs ? ?
Seven (7) *septḿ̥ *septam šiptam-
Eight (8) *(h₁)oḱtṓw ? (Lycian aitãta)
Nine (9) *h₁néwn̥ *ʔnū́n (Luwian nuntata)

(Lycian nuwa[n?])

Ten (10) *déḱm̥ ? (Lycian sñta?)
  1. ^ Shields, Kenneth (2010-12-12). "Hittite šia-'1' and its implications for the etymology of Indo-European numerals". Indogermanische Forschungen. 115 (2010): 110–117. doi:10.1515/9783110222814.1.110. ISSN 1613-0405.
  2. ^ "Hittite Grammar - Numbers". www.assyrianlanguages.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.