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Timeline of sovereign states in North America

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This timeline lists all sovereign states in North America (including Central America and the Caribbean), both current and defunct, from the year 1500 onwards.

Timeline

[edit]
Current Sovereign States / Decades before 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Antigua and Barbuda
Island Caribs 1632 Antigua (England)[1] 1671 British Leeward Islands (England)[1] 1816 Antigua-Barbuda-Montserrat (UK)[1] 1833 British Leeward Islands (UK)[1] 1958 West Indies Federation (UK) [1][2] 1962 Antigua and Barbuda (UK)[1] 1981 Antigua and Barbuda[1][3]
Island Caribs 1666 Barbuda (UK)

Bahamas
Lucayan people 1513 Deserted 1649 Eleutheran Adventurers[4][5] 1670 Province of Carolina (England) 1718 Colony of the Bahamas (UK)[5] 1973 Bahamas[5]

Barbados
Island Caribs Uninhabited 1625 Colony of Barbados (England)[6] 1958 West Indies Federation (UK)[2][6] 1962 Barbados (UK)[6] 1966 Barbados[6]

Belize
Pre-Columbian Belize 1524 New Spain (Spain)[7] 1742 Colony of Jamaica (UK)[7] 1862 British Honduras (UK)[7][8] 1981 Belize[7][8]

Canada

Alberta
First Nations 1670 Rupert's Land (UK) 1870 Northwest Territories ( Canada) 1905 Alberta ( Canada)

British Columbia
Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast Colony of British Columbia 1858 (UK)[9] Colony of British Columbia 1866 (UK) 1871 British Columbia ( Canada)
Colony of Vancouver Island 1849 (UK)

Manitoba
First Nations 1670 Rupert's Land (UK) 1870 Manitoba (Canada)

New Brunswick
First Nations 1605 Acadia (France)[10] 1713 Nova Scotia (UK)[10] 1784 New Brunswick (UK)[11] 1867 New Brunswick (Canada)

Newfoundland and Labrador
Beothuk 1610 Newfoundland Colony (UK) 1907 Dominion of Newfoundland (UK) 1949 Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada)

Nova Scotia
Mi'kmaq 1605 Acadia (France)[10] 1713 Nova Scotia (UK) 1867 Nova Scotia (Canada)

Ontario
Aboriginal Canadians 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) Upper Canada (UK) Province of Canada (UK) 1867 Ontario (Canada)

Prince Edward Island
Mi’kmaq[12] 1720 Isle Saint-Jean (France)[12] 1763 Nova Scotia (UK)[12] 1769 Prince Edward Island (UK)[12] 1873 Prince Edward Island (Canada)[12]

Quebec
Aboriginal Canadians 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) 1791 Lower Canada (UK) 1841 Province of Canada (UK) 1867 Quebec (Canada)

Saskatchewan
First Nations 1670 Rupert's Land (UK) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1905 Saskatchewan (Canada)

Northwest Territories
Aboriginal Canadians North-Western Territory (UK) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada)

Nunavut
Inuit 1670 Rupert's Land (UK) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1876 District of Keewatin (Canada) 1905 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1999 Nunavut (Canada)

Yukon
Aboriginal Canadians North-Western Territory (UK) 1870 Northwest Territories (Canada) 1898 Yukon (Canada)

Costa Rica
Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica 1540 New Spain (Spain) 1821 First Mexican Empire 1823 Costa Rica ( Federal Republic of Central America)[13] 1838 Costa Rica

Cuba
Guanajatabey, Taíno and Ciboney 1511 Governorate of Cuba (Spain) 1519 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Captaincy General of Cuba (Spain) 1898 US Military Government ( USA) 1902 Republic of Cuba

Dominica
Island Caribs 1727 Dominica (France) 1761 Dominica (UK) 1778 Dominica (France) 1783 Dominica (UK) 1833 British Leeward Islands (UK) 1940 British Windward Islands (UK) 1958 West Indies Federation (UK) 1962 Dominica (UK) 1978 Dominica

Dominican Republic
Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (Spain) 1795 Saint-Domingue (France) 1809 España Boba (Spain) 1821 Republic of Spanish Haiti 1822 Department of Ozama and Cibao (Haiti) 1844 Dominican Republic 1861 Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic (Spain) 1865 Dominican Republic 1916 Dominican Republic ( USA) 1924 Dominican Republic

El Salvador
Cuzcatlan 1525 New Spain (Spain) 1821 First Mexican Empire 1823 El Salvador ( Federal Republic of Central America) 1841 El Salvador 1896 Greater Republic of Central America 1898 El Salvador

Grenada
Island Caribs 1649 French Antilles (France) 1762 British Grenada (UK) 1779 Grenada (France) 1783 British Grenada (UK) 1833 British Windward Islands (UK) 1958 West Indies Federation (UK) 1962 Grenada (UK) 1974 Grenada

Guatemala
Mayans 1521 New Spain (Spain) 1821 First Mexican Empire
1823 Guatemala ( Federal Republic of Central America)

1841 Guatemala

Haiti
Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (Spain)[14][15] 1625 Saint-Domingue (France) 1804 Haiti[14][15]

Honduras
Pre-Columbian Honduras 1525 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Honduras (Mexico) 1823 Honduras ( Federal Republic of Central America) 1840 Honduras

Jamaica
Pre-Columbian Jamaica 1509 Colony of Santiago (Spain)[16] 1655 Colony of Jamaica (England) [16] 1958 West Indies Federation (UK)[16] 1962 Jamaica[16]

Mexico
Aztec Empire[17] 1521 New Spain (Spain)[17] 1821 Mexico[17]

Nicaragua
Pre-Columbian Nicaragua 1520 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Mexican Empire 1823 Nicaragua ( Federal Republic of Central America) 1838 Nicaragua

Panama
Indigenous peoples of the Americas 1510 Province of Tierra Firme (Spain) 1542 Viceroyalty of Peru (Spain) 1717 Viceroyalty of New Granada (Spain) 1821 Gran Colombia 1831 Republic of New Granada 1858 Granadine Confederation 1863 United States of Columbia 1886 Republic of Columbia 1903 Panama

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Arawaks and Island Caribs 1623 Saint Christopher (England) [18] 1671 British Leeward Islands (UK) [18] 1816 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (UK) [18] 1833 British Leeward Islands (UK) [18] 1958 West Indies Federation (UK)[18] 1962 Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (UK)[18] 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis[18]
Arawaks and Island Caribs 1628 Colony of Barbados (England)[18] 1983 Nevis ( Saint Kitts and Nevis)[18]

Saint Lucia
Island Caribs 1833 British Windward Islands (UK) 1958 West Indies Federation (UK) 1962 Saint Lucia (UK) 1979 Saint Lucia[19]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Island Caribs 1719 Saint Vincent (France) 1763 Saint Vincent (UK) 1779 Saint Vincent (France) 1783 Saint Vincent (UK) 1833 British Windward Islands (UK) 1958 West Indies Federation (UK) 1962 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (UK) 1979 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago
Arawak and Island Caribs 1797 Trinidad (UK) 1889 British Trinidad and Tobago (UK) 1958 West Indies Federation (UK) 1962 Trinidad and Tobago
Arawak and Island Caribs 1628 Nieuw-Walcheren (Netherlands)[20] 1637 Neu-Kurland (Poland-Lithuania)[20] Arawak and Island Caribs[20] 1654 Nieuw-Walcheren (Netherlands)[20] 1677 Trinidad (France)[20] 1797 Tobago (UK)

United States

Alabama
Native Americans Mississippi Territory 1798 ( USA) Alabama Territory 1817 ( USA) 1819 Alabama ( USA) 1861 Alabama (CSA) 1865 Alabama ( USA)

Alaska
Alaskan Natives 1799 Russian America (Russia) 1867 Department of Alaska ( USA)[21] 1884 District of Alaska ( USA)[21] 1912 Territory of Alaska ( USA)[21] 1959 Alaska ( USA)[21]

Arizona
Native Americans 1768 The Californias (Spain) 1805 Alta California (Spain) 1822 Alta California Territory (Mexico) 1846 U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1850 New Mexico Territory ( USA) 1863 Arizona Territory ( USA) 1912 Arizona ( USA)

Arkansas
Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1802 Louisiana (France) 1805 Louisiana Territory ( USA) 1812 Missouri Territory ( USA) 1819 Arkansas Territory ( USA) 1836 Arkansas ( USA) 1861 Arkansas (CSA) 1865 Arkansas ( USA)

California[notes 1]
Native Americans 1768 The Californias (Spain) 1805 Alta California (Spain) 1822 Alta California Territory (Mexico) 1846 United States military occupation ( USA) 1850 California ( USA)

Colorado
Native Americans 1836 Republic of Texas 1845 Texas ( USA) 1850 Unorganised territory ( USA) [notes 2] 1854 Kansas Territory[notes 3] ( USA) 1861 Colorado Territory ( USA) 1876 Colorado ( USA)

Connecticut
Native Americans 1636 Connecticut Colony (England) 1686 Dominion of New England (England) 1689 Connecticut Colony (England) 1776 Connecticut ( USA)

Delaware
Native Americans 1638 New Sweden (Sweden) 1655 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1664 Delaware Colony (UK) 1776 Delaware (USA)

Florida
Native Americans 1513 Spanish Florida (Spain) 1763 East Florida (UK) 1783 Spanish Florida (Spain) 1822 Florida Territory (USA) 1845 Florida (USA) 1861 Florida (CSA) 1865 Florida (USA)

Georgia
Native Americans 1732 Province of Georgia (UK) 1777 Georgia (USA) 1861 Georgia (CSA) 1865 Georgia (USA)

Idaho
Native Americans 1818 Oregon Country/Columbia District (USA/UK) 1843 Provisional Government of Oregon 1848 Oregon Territory (USA) 1853 Washington Territory (USA) 1890 Idaho (USA)

Illinois
Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) 1787 Northwest Territory (USA) 1800 Indiana Territory (USA) 1809 Illinois Territory (USA) 1818 Illinois (USA)

Indiana
Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) 1787 Northwest Territory (USA) 1800 Indiana Territory (USA) 1816 Indiana (USA)

Iowa
Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) 1787 Northwest Territory (USA) 1800 Indiana Territory (USA) 1805 Michigan Territory (USA) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (USA) 1838 Iowa Territory (USA) 1846 Iowa (USA)

Kansas
Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1805 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1821 Unorganized territory (USA) 1854 Kansas Territory (USA) 1861 Kansas (USA)

Kentucky
Virginia Indians 1607 Colony of Virginia (UK) Virginia 1776 (USA) Kentucky 1792 (USA)

Louisiana
Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1804 Territory of Orleans (USA) 1812 Louisiana (USA)

Maine
Native Americans Massachusetts Bay Colony 1652 (UK) Dominion of New England 1686 (UK) Massachusetts Bay Colony 1689 (UK) Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692 (UK) 1776 Massachusetts (USA) 1820 Maine (USA)

Maryland
Native Americans Province of Maryland 1632 (UK) Maryland 1776 (USA)

Massachusetts
Native Americans Massachusetts Bay Colony 1628 (UK) Dominion of New England 1686 (UK) Massachusetts Bay Colony 1689 (UK) Province of Massachusetts Bay 1692 (UK) Massachusetts 1776 (USA)
Native Americans Plymouth Colony 1620 (UK) Plymouth Colony 1689 (UK)

Michigan
Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) 1787 Northwest Territory (USA) 1800 Indiana Territory (USA) 1805 Michigan Territory (USA) 1837 Michigan (USA)

Minnesota
Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1805 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1821 Unorganized territory (USA) 1834 Michigan Territory (USA) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (USA) 1838 Iowa Territory (USA) 1846 Unorganized territory (USA) 1849 Minnesota Territory (USA) 1858 Minnesota (USA)

Mississippi
Native Americans 1732 Province of Georgia (UK) 1777 Georgia (USA) 1798 Mississippi Territory (USA) 1817 Mississippi (USA) 1861 Mississippi (CSA) 1863| Mississippi (USA)

Missouri
Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1805 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1821 Missouri (USA)

Montana
Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1805 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1821 Unorganized territory (USA) 1854 Nebraska Territory (USA) 1861 Dakota Territory (USA) 1863 Idaho Territory (USA) 1864 Territory of Montana (USA) [22] 1889 Montana (USA)

Nebraska
Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1802 Louisiana (France) 1805 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1821 Unorganized territory (USA) 1854 Nebraska Territory (USA) 1867 Nebraska (USA)

Nevada
Native Americans 1768 New Spain (Spain) 1821 Alta California (Mexico) 1848 Mexican Cession (USA) 1850 Utah Territory (USA) 1861 Nevada Territory (USA) 1864 Nevada (USA)

New Hampshire
Native Americans 1622 Province of Maine (UK) Province of New Hampshire (UK) 1641 Massachusetts Bay Colony (UK) 1680 Province of New Hampshire (UK) 1686 Dominion of New England (UK) 1689 Province of New Hampshire (UK) 1776 New Hampshire (USA)

New Jersey
Native Americans 1630 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1655 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1664 Province of New Jersey (UK) 1674 East Jersey (UK) 1702 Province of New Jersey (UK) 1776 New Jersey (USA)
Native Americans 1638 New Sweden (Sweden) 1674 West Jersey (UK)

New Mexico
Native Americans 1598 Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Spanish Empire and New Spain) 1821 Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Mexico) 1846 U.S. provisional government of New Mexico (USA) 1850 New Mexico Territory (USA) 1912 New Mexico (USA)

New York
Native Americans 1614 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1667 Province of New York (UK) 1673 New Netherland (Dutch Republic) 1674 Province of New York (UK) 1776 New York (USA)

North Carolina
Native Americans 1585 Roanoke Colony (UK) Native Americans 1609 Colony of Virginia (UK) 1629 Province of Carolina (UK) 1710 Province of North Carolina (UK) 1776 North Carolina (USA) 1861 North Carolina (CSA) 1865 North Carolina (USA)

North Dakota
Native Americans 1833 Michigan Territory (USA) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (USA) 1838 Iowa Territory (USA) 1846 Unorganized territory (USA) 1849 Minnesota Territory (USA) 1858 Unorganized territory (USA) 1861 Dakota Territory (USA) 1889 North Dakota (USA)

Ohio
Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) 1783 Northwest Territory (USA) 1803 Ohio (USA)

Oklahoma
Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1804 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1819 Arkansas Territory (USA) 1824 Unorganized territory (USA) 1834 Indian Territory (USA) 1890 Indian Territory (USA) 1907 Oklahoma (USA)
1890 Oklahoma Territory (USA)

Oregon
Native Americans 1818 Oregon Country/Columbia District (USA/UK) 1843 Provisional Government of Oregon (USA) 1848 Oregon Territory (USA) 1859 Oregon (USA)

Pennsylvania
Native Americans 1681 Province of Pennsylvania (England) 1776 Pennsylvania (USA)

Rhode Island
Native Americans 1636 Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (UK) 1776 Rhode Island (USA)

South Carolina
Native Americans 1629 Province of Carolina (UK) 1712 Province of South Carolina (UK) 1776 South Carolina (USA) 1861 South Carolina (CSA) 1865 South Carolina (USA)

South Dakota
Native Americans 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1805 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1821 Unorganised Territory (USA) 1834 Michigan Territory (USA) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (USA) 1838 Iowa Territory (USA) 1846 Unorganised Territory (USA) 1849 Minnesota Territory (USA) 1858 Unorganized territory (USA) 1861 Dakota Territory (USA) 1889 South Dakota (USA)

Tennessee
Native Americans 1609 Colony of Virginia (UK) 1629 Province of Carolina (UK) 1710 Province of North Carolina (UK) 1776 North Carolina (USA) 1790 Southwest Territory (USA) 1796 Tennessee (USA) 1861 Tennessee (CSA) 1862 Tennessee (USA)

Texas
Native Americans 1684 French Texas (France) 1690 Spanish Texas (Spain) 1821 Mexican Texas (Mexico) 1836 Republic of Texas 1845 Texas (USA) 1861 Texas (CSA) 1865 Texas (USA)

Utah
Native Americans 1768 The Californias (Spain) 1805 Alta California (Spain) 1822 Alta California Territory (Mexico) 1846 Unorganized territory (USA) 1849 State of Deseret 1850 Utah Territory (USA) 1896 Utah (USA)

Vermont
Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of New York ( British Empire) 1777 Vermont Republic 1791 Vermont (USA)

Virginia
Virginia Indians 1607 Colony of Virginia (UK) 1776 Virginia (USA) 1861 Virginia ( CSA) 1865 Virginia (USA)

Washington
Native Americans 1818 Oregon Country/Columbia District (USA/British Empire) 1843 Provisional Government of Oregon 1848 Oregon Territory (USA) 1853 Washington Territory (USA) 1889 Washington (USA)

West Virginia
Virginia Indians 1607 Colony of Virginia (UK) 1776 Virginia (USA) 1863 West Virginia (USA)

Wisconsin
Native Americans 1534 Canada (France) 1763 Province of Quebec (UK) 1787 Northwest Territory (USA) 1800 Indiana Territory (USA) 1809 Illinois Territory (USA) 1818 Michigan Territory (USA) 1836 Wisconsin Territory (USA) 1848 Wisconsin (USA)

Wyoming
Native Americans 1682 Louisiana (France) 1762 Louisiana (Spain) 1800 Louisiana (France) 1803 Louisiana Purchase (USA) 1805 Louisiana Territory (USA) 1812 Missouri Territory (USA) 1821 Unorganized territory (USA) 1854 Nebraska Territory (USA) 1863 Idaho Territory (USA) 1864 Dakota Territory (USA) 1868 Territory of Wyoming (USA) 1890 Wyoming (USA)

District of Columbia
Native Americans 1632 Province of Maryland (UK) 1776 Maryland (USA) 1790 District of Columbia (USA)

Puerto Rico
New Spain 1898 Puerto Rico (USA)

United States Virgin Islands
Danish West India Company 1671 (Denmark) Danish West Indies 1755 (Denmark)[23] United States Virgin Islands 1917 (USA)
Current Sovereign States / Decades before 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Notes

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  1. ^ See also Territorial evolution of California.
  2. ^ ’Unorganised territory’ was not an official name, rather it referred to any United States territory without an official name.
  3. ^ Colorado at this point in time was split between the Kansas Territory, Utah Territory, Nebraska Territory and the New Mexico Territory, with the majority being within the Kansas Territory.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Antigua and Barbuda". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  2. ^ a b "The West Indies Federation". CARICOM. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda". CARICOM. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  4. ^ "Our History". The Islands Of The Bahamas. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  5. ^ a b c "Bahamas". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d "Barbados". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d "Belize". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  8. ^ a b "Belize profile - Timeline". BBC News. BCC. 1 November 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  9. ^ "British Columbia Timeline". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  10. ^ a b c Brendan Anthony O'Grady; Barry Moody (26 November 2013). "Nova Scotia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  11. ^ "New Brunswick History". Government of New Brunswick. 18 May 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Island Information: Historical Milestones". Prince Edward Island. Government of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  13. ^ Horváth, Zoltán (12 August 2013). "Central America - Historical Unions and Federations". Flags Of The World. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Haiti profile - Timeline". BBC News. BBC. 12 October 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  15. ^ a b "Haiti". World Statesmen.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  16. ^ a b c d "Jamaica". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  17. ^ a b c "Mexico". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Saint kitts and Nevis". WORLD STATESMEN.org. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  19. ^ "St Lucia country profile". BBC News. BBC. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  20. ^ a b c d e Ramerini, Marco (13 January 2014). "Dutch and Courlanders on Tobago. A history of the first settlements 1628-1677". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
  21. ^ a b c d "Timeline of Alaska's History". Alaska Public Lands Information Centers. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  22. ^ "BRIEF HISTORY OF MONTANA". montana.gov. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  23. ^ "A Brief History of the Danish West Indies, 1666-1917". Virgin Islands history. Danish National Archives. Retrieved 27 June 2016.

See also

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