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The bibliography that preceded me was really lovely and maybe even belongs in an article such as Bibliography of Guangzhou, but it had nothing at all to do with this article. Hardly anything was being used to support the article while the footnotes were full of sources that should have been listed in the bibliography but were, apparently, considered infra dig.
In any case, kindly restore these sources to here (or elsewhere such as Guangzhou itself) as they are used to verify statements in the running text of the article:
Alvaro Semedo (1655), "(Cantone)", The History of that Great and Renowned Monarchy of China, London: Printed by E. Tyler for I. Crook, OCLC2158959{{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
J.-B Du Halde (1741), "The First City, and Capital of the Province of Quang Tcheou Fou", General History of China (3rd ed.), London: J. Watts {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Jacques Savary des Brûlons (1748). "(Canton)". Dictionnaire universel de commerce (in French) (New ed.). Paris: Estienne et fils. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Abraham Rees (1819), "Canton, or Quang-Choo-Foo", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Canton", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Canton, or Quang-Tche-Foo". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
S. Wells Williams (1863), "Port of Canton", Chinese Commercial Guide (5th ed.), Hongkong: A. Shortrede & Co {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
George Henry Townsend (1867), "Canton", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co. {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "Canton", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC2613202{{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Walter William Mundy (1875), "Canton", Canton and the Bogue, London: Samuel Tinsley {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Boston Public Library (1895). "China: Canton". List of Works on Corea, Japan, and China. USA. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
John Thomson (1899), "Canton", Through China with a Camera (2nd ed.), London: Harper & Brothers, OCLC1495715{{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore (1900), "City of Canton", China: the Long-lived Empire, New York: The Century Co. {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Canton", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901, Yang-Ching{{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
James Ricalton (1902), "Canton", Hongkong and Canton ... stereoscopic tour through China, New York: Underwood & Underwood {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Canton", Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1902 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Claudius Madrolle (c. 1904). "Canton". Chine du Sud (in French). {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Arnold Wright, ed. (1908), "Canton", Twentieth Century Impressions of Hongkong, Shanghai, and Other Treaty Ports of China, London: Lloyd's Greater Britain Pub. Co. {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
T. Hodgson Liddell (1909), "Canton", China, London: G. Allen {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
"Kwangtung: Canton", The Provinces of China ... Reprinted from 'The National Review', Shanghai: National Review, 1910, OCLC8017846{{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Canton", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 326, OL6112221M, Kwangchow or Kuang-chou{{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
John Paxton (1999). "Guangzhou (Canton), China". Penguin Encyclopedia of Places. ISBN9780140512755 – via Credo Reference. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
Victoria and Albert Museum (2003), Souvenir from Canton : Chinese export paintings from the Victoria and Albert Museum, Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, ISBN7532535487, 7532535487
Piper Gaubatz, “Globalization and the Development of New Central Business Districts in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou,” chapter 6 in Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and Space (New York: Routledge, 2005) 98-121.
Yong Chen (2006), John McCusker (ed.), "Guangzhou", History of World Trade Since 1450, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA – via Global Issues In Context{{citation}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
Hilary du Cros and Yok-shiu F. Lee, ed. (2007), Cultural Heritage Management in China: Preserving the Cities of the Pearl River Delta, UK: Routledge, ISBN9780415397193, 0415397197
Dong Wang (2007), Thomas Benjamin (ed.), "Guangzhou", Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA – via Global Issues In Context{{citation}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
Evan Osnos (February 9, 2009). "Letter from China: The Promised Land". The New Yorker: 50 ff. (Article about Africans in Guangzhou)