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Had India ever been a crown colony of the United Kingdom? As far as I know there was a separate India Office. The British Administration in India did not report to the Colonial Office. — Instantnood21:30, 1 September 2006 (UTC)[reply]
I am very interested in colonial India. I am also doing a historical atlas of India. I would be very happy if I could get a lot of information on this topic. I have also contributed a map of India in 1761. User:thelivinglegend —Preceding signed but undated comment was added at 12:52, 16 September 2007 (UTC)[reply]
Why do we consider the begining of colonisation of India from the arrival of the Europeans.
Shouldn't we include the Islamic sultanates (persian / turkish / afghans) invasions also as colonisation ? After all the moghuls also colonised india, spread their religion, controlled every aspect of the Indian lives (economy, politics etc). How different is that from the British ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vidsin (talk • contribs) 07:57, 21 October 2007 (UTC)[reply]
One or more portions of this article duplicated other source(s). The material was copied from: http://www.chillibreeze.com/EnglishinIndia.asp. Archives confirm that the publication predates ours. The material was pasted all at once here; given the strong probability that other material also infringed, I have removed it entirely. Infringing material must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a license compatible with GFDL. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original orplagiarize from that source. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies.
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Regarding the British section, I notice that some new text was added, and then in this edit, then that text was replaced by text take from this section and this section.
Now one problem with this is that it was just copied and pasted from the article so that links and images didn't get copied across correctly. I guess I'll do a better copy now.
I believe there has been some mistake in the picture used as the colonial India everywhere in wikipedia. British India was divided into Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, but why is the picture highlighting Nepal as part of colonial India or British India? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Arjunpokharel10 (talk • contribs) 19:57, 16 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]
Someone need to change the date of etablishement of french india from 1769 to 1673, the year Pondicherry became a french "comptoire"
1769 is the end of french east india compagny, but not the start of france colonial era. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.115.162.223 (talk) 17:08, 15 October 2016 (UTC)[reply]
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Being that Portugal was first European Country to set up their trading docks, one would expect that a significant percent of the migrants in Portugal to be Indian, given the anthesis of our null hypothesis. In 2008, the total population in Portugal was10.6 million, with 0.66% of the total legal immigrant population being of Indian Origin.[1] Indians were initially brought into Portugal as slaves before the fall of the Portuguese Imperial empire. The social profile of Indians in Portugal can be broken down into different states of origin. Portugal consists of Indians who emigrated from both of its former colonies in Mozambique, located in Africa, and in Goa, which is located in India. As folks from Gujarat came following the end of Portuguese rule, in 1974, they were able to assimilate into the Portuguese culture and keep their culture values. Keeping their culture and language alive created a community network for others from the same state. This helped created ties to “newer stream of Gujaratis who came in the 1980’s and 1990’s directly from India”.[2] The Goans that came from both Goa and Mozambique after the end of the Portuguese rule, both had good fortune in being well integrated both politically and socio-economically. Socioeconomically, “according to the High Level Committee Report on the Indian Diaspora (Singhvi et al., 2001) most Indians in Portugal are in retail or the wholesale business and some serve as skilled or unskilled workers”.[3] In addition, many Indians also occupy white collar jobs. While some wield considerable social and economic power, others are economically disadvantaged, even depending on Portuguese state protection.”[3] Recently cases of illegal immigration from India through other European countries also increased, these immigrants working as unskilled or semi-skilled labour.”[3] Being that Portuguese Immigration Laws were lax for the ex-colonizes and the EU’s funding to allow growth in the construction industry, many people from Punjab have emigrated over after 1996.[4] However, as Table 1 indicates overall emigration to Portugal from India, though is always rising, comparatively is very low. According to the Migration Policy Institute, as of 2015 Portugal has 837,000 immigrants, 8,000 of which are Indian. Being that less .10% (.96%) of immigrants in Portugal are India, it seems that even after the long-standing colonial ties, Portugal is not a popular destination for Indian immigrants. No data was found on the average salary of the Indian workforce in Portugal.
Indian Migration to the Netherlands
The two century of Dutch rule in India would lead one to believe that there would be a strong reflection of Indians in the Netherland’s current population. As of 2001, the Non Residential Indian/Persons of Indian Origin community along with the Indian Embassy has estimated there to be 220,000 people of Indian descent to be in the Netherlands. The majority of Indians live in the Capital, Amsterdam and its neighboring city, Amstelveen. According to the Central Bureau for Statistics in 2016, the total population of the Netherlands was 16,979,120 with the total number of legal immigrants being 3,752,291, while 32,682 were of Indian Origin. The total Indian population seems to fall short, surprisingly the “Netherlands [has] the second largest population of people of Indian origin in Europe. The spike in population from 2004 onward can be attributed to new labor policies in the Netherlands were meant to recruit “highly-qualified employees with a background in information technology, consultancy, engineering, management, etc”,[5] as well as the growth of the communal network through the presence of a fast-growing number of Indian companies in the region.
As of 2015, The Migration Policy Institute states that out of the 1,979,000 immigrants in the Netherlands, 23,000 are Indian. This means that 1.2% of immigrants in the Netherlands are Indian. Socioeconomically, when compared to other immigrant groups in the Netherlands, Indian immigrants have made significant social and economic progress and have rendered more success when compared to other immigrant groups.[5] Socioeconomically “the overall level of education statistical data from the CBS reveal that the second generation of Hindustanis (35 and older) have been doing better than the previous generation and slightly better than the Afro-Surinamese. At present, 60% of Hindustani men and 57% of women in the age-group 15 to 64 are in employment. Predictably, the (level of) their employment depends on their educational background. In 1998, approximately one-quarter of working Hindustanis were in the public sector, 11% worked in the non-profit sector, and 63% in the private sector.[6] According to Choenni, an increasing number of Hindustanis are active as entrepreneurs in a wide variety of shops, restaurants, etc. The participation of so-called non-western immigrants in higher education has increased significantly amongst the second generation.”[6] Compared to the average worker in the Netherlands, highly-skilled migrants who come to the Netherlands to be employed have a gross annual income in between or €36,801to €50,183, as compared to the average €36,500 of a non-migrant worker.[7]
Indian migration to the UK
According to the Migration Policy Institute, as of 2015, the UK has 8,543,000 immigrants, out of which 777,000 were Indian. There is an overall upward trend in Indian the number of Indian Citizens in the United Kingdom.
In the 20th century the highest migration to the United Kingdom was to England from 1955–1975 with one of the district housing 13,000 Indians: 46% of whom were from Punjab, 43.3% were from Gujarat. When surveys about reasons for migration, Over 50% of both Punjabis and Gujaratis said they were attracted by economic, and status based factors.[8] The labor shortages in the UK were key in migration opportunities for many Indians: who served in the British army from 1857 eventually took up positions in the police and army sector; many also found work in the “manufacturing, textile, and service” industries.[9] In terms of pay the median household income of white Britons stood at between £25,600 and £27,000, while the median for the Indian community stood at around £25,300.[10]
Indian Migration To France
When looking at France, one would assume its 274-year presence in India to also play a significant role which would pave the way for migration from India. According to the Migration Policy Institute, there are 48,000 Indians in France out of the 7,748,000 immigrants already, constituting a .62% to the overall immigration population.[citation needed]
Indian migration was first introduced into France when the French hired Indians as servants. Soon after, a 1681 law pushed for non-white arrivals in France to be declared; dating the first definite record of an Indian living in France to be in 1724.[11] A 1777 census indicated that there were around 200 Indians living in France during that time; by 1850 most labors came from British India. From 1914 to 1949 “some Punjabi and Gujarati businessmen continued to arrive in Paris, trading in specialist industries and luxury goods and throughout this period there continued to be a steady though very small stream of students… and skilled workers [who] expatriates in transnational corporations.”[11] Socioeconomically Indians, seem to be employed in less secure occupations, sometimes working illegally in factories, yet after a certain period have managed to set themselves up in businesses with the support of community networks. In terms of demographics in “2009 there were 31,142 people who were born in India that were living in France [while] roughly half had adopted a French Citizenship.”[11]
France’s migration policy history has been linked to economic labor needs, as seen in the European Countries discussed prior. Socio-economically for those in “France who have retained Indian nationality there is overall an 83% rate of employment, meaning around 17% of Indians in France with Indian nationality are unemployed, a fairly high rate. For the unrecorded part of the French-Indian population, perhaps over 50,000 people, no employment data is available."[11]
^Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora (PDF). Government of India. 2008-08-18. p. 140.
^New World Encyclopedia contributors. “Portuguese India. New World Encyclopedia, 26 May 2015, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Portuguese_India.
^ abcLourenço, Inês (2013). From Goans to Gujaratis: A study of the Indian Community in Portugual. hdl:1814/29463.
^“Persons of Indian Origin and Indians in Portugal.” Edited by Indian Embassy, Embassy of India - Welcome!, National Informatics Centre, web.archive.org/web/20070218220705/http://www.indembassy-lisbon.org/uk/ind_personorigin.html.
^ abBal, Ellen (2012). Country Report: Indian migration to the Netherlands. hdl:1814/23485.
^ abChoenni, Chan (2011). Integratie Hindostani Stijl? Over de migratie, geschiedenis en diaspora van Hindostanen [Integration Hindostani Style? About the migration, history and diaspora of Hindustani] (in Dutch). hdl:1871/19540.
^CPB. “Centraal Planbureau.” CPB.nl, Center of Economic Policy Analysis, www.cpb.nl/en.
^Ram, S (1987). "Indians in England: Why did they emigrate?". Population Geography. 9 (1–2): 37–44. PMID12179028.
^University of Leeds, and University Lincoln. “Striking Women.” Post 1947 Migration to the UK - from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka | Striking Women, Arts and Humanities Research Council, www.striking-women.org/module/map-major-south-asian-migration-flows/post-1947-migration-uk-india-bangladesh-pakistan-and.
^Ram, Vidya. “In UK, Indians Earn Almost as Much as White Britons.” The Hindu Business Line, The Hindu Business Line, 7 Aug. 2017, www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/in-uk-indians-earn-almost-as-much-as-white-britons/article9805976.ece.
^ abcdWilliams, Leonard (2013). Indians in France: an increasingly diverse population. hdl:1814/29492.
Capitalism and extreme poverty: A global analysis of real wages, human height, and mortality since the long 16th century
I am not sure if this is ripe yet for inclusion in the article, but I thought I would place it here for other editors to digest & to look for corroborating sources.
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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kravneet.