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Solar power in Ukraine

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Dunayskaya solar station in 2013
Solar potential in Ukraine

Solar power in Ukraine is obtained from photovoltaics or solar thermal energy.[not verified in body]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Merefa solar energy plant in the Kharkiv region was destroyed by Russia;[1] damage was also reported at the Tokmak solar energy plant in the Zaporizhia region.[2] Solar and wind power in Ukraine could be greatly expanded to meet much of the country’s electricity demand.[3]

History

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In 1985 there was SPP-5 [uk] (SES-5, 5MW), first and last build solar station in Soviet Union near town of Shcholkine in Crimea. It was stopped in 1990s and demolished afterwards.

In 2011, 90% of electricity came from nuclear and coal. In order to reduce this, Ukraine adopted a feed-in tariff (FIT) which was one of the highest in the world - UAH 5.0509 (EUR 0.46) per kWh. Europe's largest solar park at the time, the 100 MW Perove Solar Park (now overtaken by Nikopol solar park) was completed at the end of 2011.[4] Installations in Ukraine began to boom in 2018 but there remained a doubt that the expansion would be sustainable and the costs and benefits of the rapid development would be spread unequally.

2019 DTEK inaugurated 240 MW solar plant in Ukraine.[5]

The government announced in the law on green auctions, adopted in April 2019,[6] that the feed in tariffs would be replaced by an auction based quota system coming in force in 2020 for all solar PV systems greater than 1 MW,[7] which if applied effectively could facilitate a larger and sustainable solar development in the country. Households in 2020 will still be able to obtain a green FIT tariff for systems up to 50 kW in size[8] which can be either rooftop or ground mounted solar systems.

Installed capacity

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Domestic PV installations in Ukraine

The latest information about installed solar energy capacity in Ukraine, is kept up to date by the national power company Ukrenergo.[9]

History of Photovoltaic Deployment
Year Σ Installed
(MWp) 		Δ Installed
(MWp) 		Generation
(GWh) 		Refs
2010 3 3 n.a.
2011 196 193 n.a. [11]
2012 326 130 n.a. [12]
2013 616 290 563 [12]
2014 411 71 485
2015 432 20 475
2016 568 99 492
2017 742 245 715 [13][14]
2018 1388 716 1,101 [15][16]
2019 4925 3537 2,412 [17][18]
2020 6320 1395 [19]

Rooftop solar power

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Solar on residential rooftops is popular for saving on electricity bills, which rose in the mid-2020s.[20] Solar is also suitable for many small and medium-sized enterprises.[21]

Households in Ukraine tend on average to have larger rooftop solar PV systems than in other countries. The feed in tariff is available for larger systems and from 2020 may be up to 50 kW and can be both rooftop or ground mounted. In March 2019 the power of residential solar was an average of 21.5 kW per family.[22] In western Europe residential solar is typically 3-5 kW per household.

As of March 31, 2019 there were 8,850 households with rooftop solar in Ukraine, with a total capacity of 190 MW. Investments in these power plants amounted to about 180 million euros. The largest number of rooftop solar units were installed in the Dnipropetrovsk region at 1072 units. In the Kyiv region - 904 units, in Ternopil region - 808 units, in Ivano-Frankivsk region - 580 units, and in Kirovohrad region - 562 units.

In Q2, solar panels were installed on over 3,000 additional households with a total added capacity of more than 85 MW, which was more than double the first quarter of 2019.

By Q3 2019 the total installed capacity of installed solar in households was 280 MW, a 100 fold increase on 2015 levels, and the investment of households in solar energy amounted to EUR 240 million. The largest residential solar systems in 2019 were installed in households in Dnipro, Ternopil and Kyiv regions (including Kyiv). These three regions account for more than a third of all households using solar energy.[23]

Large scale solar power parks

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Name MW Location
Okhotnykove Solar Park (Crimea) 82.65 45°14′20″N 33°35′34″E / 45.23889°N 33.59278°E / 45.23889; 33.59278
Perove Solar Park (Crimea) 100 44°55′N 34°02′E / 44.917°N 34.033°E / 44.917; 34.033
Starokozache Solar Park 42.95 46°28′N 30°44′E / 46.467°N 30.733°E / 46.467; 30.733
Nikopol Solar Park [uk] 246
Dunayska Solar Park [uk] 43.14
Lymanske Solar Park [uk] 43.4
Solar Chornobyl [uk] 100
Pokrovske Solar Park [uk] 240

In Spring 2024 solar helped the country to export power during the daytime.[24]

Economics

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In 2019, changes were announced to the Ukrainian energy market operations that have significant impacts on the growth and operation of large scale solar facilities in Ukraine. These include a new generous feed-in-tariff scheme[25] and the requirement for solar energy facilities to provide their own energy generation forecasts.[26]

Resilience

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Although solar farms have been attacked, they are generally more resilient than large gas and coal-fired power stations.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "The Russians destroyed a solar power plant near Kharkiv. Photos and videos", Ecopolitic, 30 May 2022
  2. ^ "The Russians stole the largest solar power plant in Ukraine - the media", Ecopolitic, 22 June 2022
  3. ^ "Ukraine". University of Technology Sydney. 2024-03-28. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  4. ^ Europe's Biggest Solar Park Completed With Russian Bank Debt
  5. ^ List Solar (2019-11-26). "DTEK inaugurates 240 MW solar plant in Ukraine". list.solar. List Solar. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
  6. ^ "Ukraine is expected to install 3 GW of solar power facilities by 2020 – IB Centre Insights". Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  7. ^ "It is right time for investment in renewable energy in Ukraine". inventure.com.ua. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  8. ^ "Small ground SPPs will get "green" tariff back". kosatka.media (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  9. ^ "Connection map | NPC "UKRENERGO"". 2018-06-27. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  10. ^ "Інформація щодо потужності та обсягів виробництва електроенергії об'єктами відновлюваної електроенергетики, які працюють за «зеленим» тарифом (станом на 01.01.2017)" (PDF). saee.gov.ua. Держенергоефективності. 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
  11. ^ Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2013-2017 Archived 2015-02-19 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ a b "Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014-2018" (PDF). www.epia.org. EPIA - European Photovoltaic Industry Association. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  13. ^ "Потужності відновлюваної електроенергетики у 2017 році зросли у два рази". uprom.info. National Industrial Portal. 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2018-01-28.
  14. ^ Інформація щодо потужності та обсягів виробництва електроенергії об'єктами відновлюваної електроенергетики, яким встановлено «зелений» тариф (станом на 31.12.2017)
  15. ^ "У 2018 році введено майже у 3 рази більше нових потужностей відновлюваної електроенергетики, ніж у 2017 році, - Сергій Савчук". www.kmu.gov.ua. Урядовий портал. 2019-01-03. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
  16. ^ Інформація щодо потужності та обсягів виробництва електроенергії об'єктами відновлюваної електроенергетики, яким встановлено «зелений» тариф (станом на 01.01.2019)
  17. ^ "Україна збільшила кількість потужностей альтернативної енергії у 6 разів". www.epravda.com.ua. Економічна правда. 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
  18. ^ Інформація щодо потужності та обсягів виробництва електроенергії об'єктами відновлюваної електроенергетики, яким встановлено «зелений» тариф (станом на 01.10.2019)
  19. ^ "У 2020 році в «зелені» проєкти в Україні інвестували 1,2 млрд євро – Держенергоефективності". Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  20. ^ "Resilient and renewable - modelling Ukraine's energy system". Instrat. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  21. ^ "Solar business prosumers in Ukraine: Should we wait for them to appear?".
  22. ^ "В Україні вже майже 1400 домогосподарств встановили домашні сонячні електростанції". dzerkalo.media. Дзеркало Медіа. 2019-04-26. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
  23. ^ "За 4 роки домогосподарства інвестували 240 млн євро у сонячну енергетику". uprom.info. National Industrial Portal. 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
  24. ^ Dickinson, Peter (2024-03-12). "Ukraine expands EU energy exports in fresh display of wartime resilience". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  25. ^ "Ukraine changes renewable energy legislation". Sayenko Kharenko. 2020-01-23. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  26. ^ "Горизонт планирования – на сутки вперед | Рентехно". rentechno.ua. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  27. ^ "Half Ukraine's power is knocked out; winter is coming". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  28. ^ "DTEK and China's CMEC sign contract for building 200 MW solar plant in Nikopol". www.kyivpost.com. Kyiv Post. 2018-04-06. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
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