Siege of Toledo (1090)
| Siege of Toledo (1090) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Reconquista | |||||||
 Statue of Alfonso VI of León and Castile in Toledo | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kingdom of Castile |
 Almoravid dynasty | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Unknown |
Yusuf ibn Tashfin | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
The siege of Toledo in 1090 was an Almoravid attempt to conquer the city, which in 1085 fell into Castilian hands.
Background
[edit]In 1086, the Taifa of Seville, Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, who had launched a series of aggressive attacks on neighboring kingdoms arising from the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba, saw his domains threatened by Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon, who had conquered Toledo in 1085 and saw the introduction of parias, which strengthened the economy of the Christian kingdom.[2] He asked for help from the Almoravids, who landed commanded by Yusuf ibn Tashfin at Algeciras to defeat the Christians in the Battle of Sagrajas, but Yusuf had to return to Africa because of the death of his son.[3]
A second call for help in 1088 makes Yusuf ibn Tashfin win the siege of Aledo and perceive the weakness of the Taifas, undecided between the alliance with the Almoravids or the Christians. His position of strength enables him to settle in al-Andalus in the third expedition he sends, this time without being required.[4]
The siege
[edit]Yusuf ibn Tashfin disembarked on June 10, 1090 and went directly to Toledo, as the first movement for the conquest of all Muslim territories. The Taifas, aware of the intentions of the Almoravid, did not support him in this campaign[5] and negotiations had already begun with Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon.[6]
The defenses of the city were prepared to withstand a long siege, and the garrison well prepared, and nearer were the Castles of Oreja and Maqueda. In the middle of July, Yusuf ibn Tashfin learned that a Castilian and Navarrese contingent led by Alfonso VI and Sancho I of Aragon were coming to the city, so he lifted the siege in August.[7]
Consequences
[edit]After verifying the lack of support he received from the Taifas, Yusuf ibn Tashfin attacked them, gaining control of the various Muslim kingdoms.[8] Thus, he deposes the ruler of Granada and places his cousin in his place as governor of the conquered Andalusian territories, with the mission of attacking and annexing new Taifas.[4] In 1090, the Almoravids took Malaga and Granada; in 1091, Almeria, Córdoba and Seville, Badajoz in 1094 and Valencia in 1102.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ Reilly 1993, p. 99.
- ^ Vicente A. 2005, p. 297.
- ^ Media 2022, p. 11.
- ^ a b Benninson 2016, p. 45.
- ^ Miguel Fernández 2000, p. 155.
- ^ Busic 2018, p. 129.
- ^ Díez 2003, p. 115.
- ^ Syed 2011, p. 137.
- ^ El Legado Andalusí 2003, p. 77.
Bibliography
[edit]- Mínguez Fernández, José María (2000). Alfonso VI: poder, expansíon y reorganización interior (in Spanish). Editorial NEREA. ISBN 978-84-89569-47-8.
- Álvarez Palenzuela, Vicente A. (2005). Edad Media: historia de España (in Spanish). Editorial Ariel. ISBN 978-84-344-6793-4.
- Busic, Jason (2018). A Companion to Medieval Toledo. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-38051-6.
- Reilly, Bernard F. (1993). The Medieval Spains. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39741-4.
- Díez, Gonzalo Martínez (2003). Alfonso VI: señor del Cid, conquistador de Toledo (in Spanish). Temas de Hoy. ISBN 978-84-8460-251-4.
- Exposición triángulo de al-Andalus (in Spanish). El Legado Andalusí. 2003. ISBN 978-84-932923-3-1.
- Syed, Muzaffar Husain (2011). Concise History of Islam. Vij Books India Pvt. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0.
- Media, Everest (2022). Summary of Raymond Ibrahim's Defenders of the West. Everest Media LLC. ISBN 979-8-3500-1615-4.
- Bennison, Amira K. (2016). Almoravid and Almohad Empires. ISBN 978-0-7486-4682-1.