Marron William Fort
Marron William Fort (1906–1961) was a chemist who was the first African-American to receive a Ph.D. in any engineering field.[1] He also was the first African-American to earn a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating with a Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1933.[2]
Early life and education
[edit]Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1906, Fort attended Cambridge High and Latin School, graduating on June 18, 1918.[3] He entered MIT in 1922, graduating with an S.B. in 1926 and an S.M. in 1927, both in electrical engineering. In 1933, he completed a Ph.D. in the Department of Chemistry with a dissertation entitled, "Heat of Dilution of Hydrochloric Acid by Continuous Flow Calorimetry."[4]
Career
[edit]During World War II, Fort served as chief chemist and plant superintendent of H. and G. J. Caldwell Company in Massachusetts.[5] In 1954, he joined the chemical industries staff at the Advisory Bureau for Commerce of the U.S. Department of Commerce, serving in Tel Aviv, Israel,[2][3] making him the highest ranked African-American appointed to a governmental technical post in a foreign country at that time.[6] In 1957, he joined the International Cooperation Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of State, and then served as deputy chief on the Industrial and Transportation Division, U.S. Operations Mission, of the International Co-op Administration at Ankara, Turkey, until 1959. He became chief of this same division in Pakistan until 1961 when he returned to Washington, D.C., with the Department of State.[2][3]
Death and legacy
[edit]Fort died in Washington on September 18, 1961, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.[2]
In 1973, MIT established a graduate fellowship in Fort's honor. The Fort Fellowship was awarded to "the most promising senior minority student who has been accepted for graduate study at M.I.T."[7][8]
References
[edit]
- ^ Hubbard, David. "Engineering and the African-American Experience". Curtis Laws Wilson Library. Missouri University of Science and Technology. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Fellowship honors late Dr. Wm. Fort". Indianapolis Recorder. 17 February 1973. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ a b c Gordon, Jacob, ed. (2004). The Black Male in White America. New York: Nova Publishers. p. 83. ISBN 1-59033-757-3. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ Fort, Marron William (1933). Heat of dilution of hydrochloric acid by continuous flow calorimetry. Cambridge: MIT. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ Pursell, Carroll W., ed. (2005). A Hammer in Their Hands: A Documentary History of Technology and the African-American Experience. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. 247. ISBN 0-262-16225-3.
- ^ Staff (April 1, 1954). "Republicans Name Three to High U.S. Posts". Jet. Vol. 5, no. 21. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ^ "Report of the President and the Chancellor Issue 1972-1973" (PDF). Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bulletin. 109 (4): 253. November 1973. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ "MIT Establishes Fort Scholarship". The Afro-American. February 24, 1973. p. 21. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
- African-American chemists
- 20th-century American chemists
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
- 1906 births
- 1961 deaths
- Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
- Cambridge Rindge and Latin School alumni
- MIT School of Engineering alumni
- 20th-century African-American scientists
- Chemists from Massachusetts