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Marie Goldsmith

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Maria Goldsmith
Born1862 (1862)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
DiedJanuary 11, 1933(1933-01-11) (aged 70–71)
Paris, France
Cause of deathSuicide
NationalityRussian Jew
Other namesMaria Korn, Maria Isidine
Alma materUniversity of Paris
Occupation(s)Biologist, writer
MovementAnarcho-syndicalism

Maria Isidorovna Goldsmith (Russian: Мария Исидоровна Гольдсмит; 1862–1933), also known as Marie Goldsmith, was a Russian Jewish anarchist and collaborator of Peter Kropotkin. She also wrote under the pseudonyms Maria Isidine and Maria Korn.

Early life and career

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Maria Isidorovna Goldsmith was born to Jewish and Russian ancestry[1] in 1862[2] or 1863.[3] Goldsmith's father, Isidor, was a radical publisher in St. Petersburg and her mother, Sofia, was trained in medicine. The family belonged to forbidden organizations. This evidently affected Goldsmith's childhood and mindset therein, though the former was little recorded. They fled Russia for Paris in 1884, where her father died two years later.[3] Goldsmith received a Ph.D. in biology from the Sorbonne in 1915 and published scientific papers.[3] She served as secretary of L'Année Biologique from 1902 to 1919, and worked closely with its editor, Yves Delage, especially after he became nearly blind in 1904. Together they published Les Théories de l'évolution and La Parthénogénèse naturelle et expérimentale. After his death in 1920, Goldsmith struggled to find stable work.[4]

During her student years in Paris, Goldsmith joined the Etudiants socialistes révolutionnaires internationalistes (ESRI) in June 1892, an anarchist organization founded the previous December, for which she wrote brochures and was active until 1898.[4] She became a figure of stature among Russian anarchists and had strong relationships with other Russian revolutionaries. Likely first met Emma Goldman in the late 1890s on her visit to Europe.[3] In the early 1900s, Goldsmith attended meetings where Peter Kropotkin discussed revolutionary tactics.[1] She wrote for a number of anarchist publications in English, French, Italian, Russian, and Yiddish throughout the rest of her life. Goldsmith most often wrote under the pen name M. Korn,[5] though she also used the names Maria Corn and Maria Isidine.[4] Goldsmith wrote for the Yiddish Freie Arbeiter Stimme[5] and the London-based Khleb i Volya.[1] The latter émigré paper shut down after November 1905 when many of its editors returned to Russia upon news of the Revolution of 1905, but as need persisted, the Listki Khleb i Volya started in London a year later, following a conference in October 1906. Goldsmith assisted with editorial work and Kropotkin, who served on its editorial board, was dedicated to its cause.[6] The paper was largely supported by Americans and most of its circulation of three to four thousand copies went there instead of to Russia.[7] Following the 1917 October Revolution, Goldsmith assisted with Kropotkin's Memoirs of a Revolutionist and Kropotkin described her as a collaborator.[8] She also translated Kropotkin's Ethics from Russian to French in 1927.[9] Her correspondence with Kropotkin, over 400 letters, is housed in the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris, with copies at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.[2] Goldsmith continued to write for other anarchist papers, including the Plus Loin in the 1920s,[4] and her apartment, which she shared with her mother, served as a meeting place for Russian anarchists in Paris.[5] Shortly after her mother died, Goldsmith killed herself on 11 January 1933.[4][5]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Woodcock & Avakumović 1950, p. 360.
  2. ^ a b Slatter 1994, p. 277.
  3. ^ a b c d Falk 2003, p. 531.
  4. ^ a b c d e Maitron 1974.
  5. ^ a b c d Falk 2003, p. 532.
  6. ^ Woodcock & Avakumović 1950, p. 368.
  7. ^ Woodcock & Avakumović 1950, p. 369.
  8. ^ Woodcock & Avakumović 1950, p. 403.
  9. ^ Peng & Rabut 2014, p. 60.

References

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  • Falk, Candace, ed. (2003). Emma Goldman: A Documentary History of the American Years; Volume One: Made for America, 1890–1901. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08670-8.
  • Maitron, Jean, ed. (1974). "GOLDSMITH Maria, Isidorovna, dite Corn Maria ou Isidine". Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français, Troisième partie: 1871–1914. Vol. 12. Paris: Les Éditions Ouvrières. p. 301. ISBN 9782708224247. OCLC 929517746.
  • Peng, Hsiao-yen; Rabut, Isabelle, eds. (2014). Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation. Leiden: Brill. p. 60. ISBN 978-90-04-27022-0.
  • Slatter, John (1994). "The Correspondence of P. A. Kropotkin as Historical Source Material". The Slavonic and East European Review. 72 (2): 277–288. ISSN 0037-6795. JSTOR 4211477.
  • Slatter, John (1997). "Review of Anarchistes en exil: Correspondance inedite de Pierre Kropotkine a Marie Goldsmith 1897–1917". The Russian Review. 56 (3): 472. doi:10.2307/131775. ISSN 0036-0341. JSTOR 131775.
  • Woodcock, George; Avakumović, Ivan (1950). The Anarchist Prince. London: Boardman.

Further reading

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