List of wars involving Kazakhstan
 | It has been suggested that Outline of Kazakh military history be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2024. |
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2024) |
This is a list of wars involving Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh and the predecessor states of Kazakhstan to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military.
Legends of results:
Victory
Defeat
Stalemate
Internal civil war
Ongoing war
Kazakh Khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.
From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.
| Date | Conflict | Combatant I | Combatant II | Result for Kazakhstan | Khan/Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1825-1836 | Uprising of Sarzhan Qasymov | Kazakh rebels Kokand Khanate (1834-1835)
|
 Russian Empire Kokand Khanate (1832, 1836)
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1836-1837 | Uprising of Isatay Taimanov | Kazakh rebels | Russian Empire Bukey Horde |
Defeat
|
|
| 1837-1847 | Kenesary's Rebellion | Kazakh Khanate supported by: |
Russian Empire supported by: |
Defeat
|
|
| 1840-1846 | Kokand campaigns of Kenesary Qasymov | Kazakh Khanate Emirate of Bukhara
|
Khanate of Kokand
|
Victory
|
|
| 1843-1851 | Zhankozha Nurmukhamedov's struggle against Khiva and Kokand | Russian Empire Kazakh Khanate (until 1847) Syr Darya Kazakhs |
 Khanate of Khiva Khanate of Kokand
|
Victory
|
| Date | Conflict | Combatant I | Combatant II | Result for Kazakhstan | Khan/Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1856-1860 | Zhankozha Nurmukhamedov's Uprising | Kazakh Rebels |  Russian Empire
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1850-1868 | Russian conquest of Kokand Khanate | Russian Empire
|
Khanate of Kokand Kyrgyz Khanate |
Victory
|
|
| 1868-1869 | Uprising in Ural and Turgay oblasts | Kazakh rebels | Russian Empire
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1870 | Aday rebellion of 1870 | Aday tribe rebels supported by |
Russian Empire
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1916-1917 | Central Asian revolt of 1916 |  Turkic tribes
supported by:
|
Russian Empire supported by: |
Victory
|
Alash–Orda (1917–1920)
[edit]Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s–80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Front during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.
The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18–26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.
Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.
| Date | Battle | Combatant I | Combatant II | Result for Kazakhstan | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918-1922 | Russian Civil War in Central Asia |  Alash-Orda
|
 RSFSR (until 1919) White Army (from 1919)
|
Inconclusive
|
During most of the XXth century Kazakhstan was a soviet republic within USSR, participating in the wars USSR took a part in.
Despite the peaceful integration of Alash-Orda into the USSR, Kazakh people also participated in series of revolts against soviet rule, the main wave of uprising had been caused by collectivisation and Asharshylyk:
| Date | Conflict | Combatant I | Combatant II | Result for Kazakhstan | Leader(s)/Khan(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | Anti-bolshevik revolt in Northern Kazakhstan |  Green Rebels
|
 USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1928-1930 | Sarysu-sozak uprising
|
 Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1929 | Bostandyk uprising
|
Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1929 | Batpakkarin uprising | Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1929-1932 | Aday uprising of 1929 | Aday tribe members | USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1930 | Sarbaz rebellion | Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
| |
| 1930 | Balkash-Shokpar uprising | Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1930 | Baribay uprising | Kazakh rebels | USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1930 | Asan uprising | Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1931 | Abralin uprising | Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
|
|
| 1931 | Korday uprising | Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
| |
| 1931 | Alak uprising | Kazakh rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
| |
| 1954 | Kengir uprising |  Kengir 3rd StepLAG Rebels
|
USSR
|
Defeat
|
Collective leadership
|
Republic of Kazakhstan (1991–present)
[edit]Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Keller, Shoshana (2020). Russia and Central Asia: Coexistence, Conquest, Convergence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781487594343.
- ^ Baumer, Christoph (2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume Set. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781838608682.
- ^ Kundakbayeva, Zhanar (2022). The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Volume I. Almaty: LitRes. ISBN 9785040888788.
- ^ М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917–20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225–235 [1]
- ^ "Somalia Leaders Killed". New America Foundation. Washington, D.C. 19 May 2016.
Sources
[edit]- Kushkumbaev, A. K. (2001). Kazakh military affairs in the XVI—XVII centuries (in Russian). Almaty: publishing house "Dyke Press". ISBN 9965-441-44-8.
- Kul-mukhamed, M. A.; Tagine, M. M.; Nurgazi, N. M. (2007). History of Kazakhstan in Russian sources. Tom VI (in Russian). Издатель «Dyke Press». ISBN 978-9965-798-44-3.
- Erofeeva, I. V. (2007). Khan Abulkhair (in Russian). Almaty: publishing house "Dyke Press". ISBN 9965-798-64-8.
- Vyatkin, M. (1941). Essays on the history of the Kazakh SSR (in Russian). Ogiz. Gospolizdat 1941.
- Sultan, Akimbekov (2016). The History of the steppes: the phenomenon of the Genghis Khan state in the history of Eurasia (in Russian). Almaty: «Institute of Asian Studies». ISBN 978-601-7550-01-1.
- Isin, A. (2002). Restoration of Kazakh-Russian relations and relations between the Kazakh and Nogai states in the 70s of the 16th century (in Russian). Semipalatinsk: Tengri. ISBN 9965492298.
- Atygaev, Nurlan (2023). The Kazakh Khanate: essays on the foreign policy history of the XV-XVII centuries [not in English] (in Russian). Almaty: Eurasian Scientific Research Institute of the Yasavi Moscow State Technical University. ISBN 978-601-7805-24-1.
- Trepavlov, V. V. (2016). History of Nogai Horde (in Russian). Kazan: Publishing house "Kazan real estate". ISBN 978-5-9907552-5-3.
- Abuseitova, M. H. (1985). the Kazakh Khanate in the second half of the XVI century (in Russian). Almaty: «Science».
- Basin, V. Ya. (1971). Russia and the Kazakh Khanates in the XVI—XVIII centuries (in Russian). Almaty: «Science».
- Moiseev, V. A. (1991). Dzungarian Khanate and Kazakhs XVII—XVIII (in Russian). Almaty: «Gylym».
- Zlatkin, I. Ya. (1983). history of Dzungarian Khanate (in Russian). Moscow: «Science».
