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List of wars involving Croatia

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Seal of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia

The following is an incomplete list of wars fought by Croatia, by Croatian people or regular armies during periods when independent Croatian states existed, from the Early Middle Ages to the present day. The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Croatian victory
  Croatian defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)

Duchy of Croatia (7th century–925)

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
7th century–925 Croatian–Venetian wars Narentines
Duchy of Croatia
Republic of Venice Intermittent victories and defeats
799 Siege of Trsat Duchy of Croatia Francia Victory
846–848 Croatian-Byzantine War Duchy of Croatia Zadar under the Byzantine strategos Victory
854 First Bulgarian-Croatian War Duchy of Croatia First Bulgarian Empire Peace agreement
871 Conquest of Bari  Holy Roman Empire
Lombard principalities

Duchy of Croatia (Croatian fleet)

Emirate of Bari Victory

Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
c. 925 Hungarian Invasions of Croatia link Kingdom of Croatia Hungarian tribes Victory
925–931 Second Croatian-Bulgarian War link Kingdom of Croatia First Bulgarian Empire Victory
968–1018 Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria Byzantine Empire
Kievan Rus' (until 969)
Kingdom of Hungary
link Kingdom of Croatia

Principality of Duklja

First Bulgarian Empire
Kievan Rus' (970–971)
Pechenegs
Victory
997–1000 Third Croatian-Bulgarian War link Kingdom of Croatia First Bulgarian Empire Victory
c. 1040–1185 Byzantine–Norman wars Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Sicily
Lombard duchies
Papal States

link Kingdom of Croatia Raška and Duklja

Byzantine Empire
Republic of Venice
 Holy Roman Empire
Victory
1091–1102 War of the Croatian Succession link Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Hungary Defeat
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1108 Hungarian war with the Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

 Holy Roman Empire
Duchy of Bohemia
Victory
1108–1126 Hungarian-Bohemian wars Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Duchy of Bohemia Peace agreement
1115–1119 Croatian-Venetian War Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Republic of Venice Defeat
1123 Stephen II's intervention in the Kievan Rus' internal conflict Kingdom of Hungary
Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich
Kievan Rus' Hungarian withdrawal
1124–1125 Croatian-Venetian War Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Republic of Venice Defeat
1127–1129 Byzantine-Hungarian War Kingdom of Hungary
Grand Principality of Serbia
Byzantine Empire Peace agreement
1132 Hungarian-Polish War Kingdom of Hungary
Margraviate of Austria Margraviate of Austria
Kingdom of Poland Victory
1136–1137 Béla II's Balkan campaigns against Venice and the Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Byzantine Empire

Republic of Venice

Victory
1146 German-Hungarian War Kingdom of Hungary Duchy of Bavaria
Margraviate of Austria Margraviate of Austria
Victory
1149–1152 Géza II's intervention in the conflict between the Principality of Galicia and Kievan Rus' Kingdom of Hungary
Kievan Rus'
Principality of Galicia Peace agreement
1148–1155 Hungarian-Byzantine wars Kingdom of Hungary
Grand Principality of Serbia
Byzantine Empire Ceasefire
1162–1165 Hungarian civil war between Stephen III and his uncles Ladislaus and Stephen Kingdom of Hungary
 Holy Roman Empire
Ladislaus and Stephen's army

Byzantine Empire

Stephen III's victory
1180–1185 Hungarian-Byzantine war Kingdom of Hungary Byzantine Empire Victory
1188–1189 Béla III's military campaign against Galicia Kingdom of Hungary Principality of Galicia Victory
1197–1199 Civil war between Emeric king and his brother Andrew II Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Andrew II's army Emeric's victory
1201–1205 Emeric's Balkan wars Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Second Bulgarian Empire
Banate of Bosnia

Grand Principality of Serbia

Croatian/Hungarian victories
1202–1204 Fourth Crusade Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade
Republic of Venice
Defeat
1217–1218 Andrew II's participation in the Fifth crusade Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia Archduchy of Austria
Latin Empire

Ayyubids Croatian/Hungarian withdrawal
1235–1241 Bosnian Crusade Coloman of Galicia Banate of Bosnia Status quo ante bellum
1241–1242 First Mongol invasion of Hungary Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Mongols Mongol withdrawal
1243 Venetian War for Zadar Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Republic of Venice Defeat
1250–1278 Hungarian-Bohemian wars Kingdom of Hungary
 Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchy of Austria
Victory
1264–1265 Internal conflict between Béla IV and his son Stephen V Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Stephen V's army Stephen V's victory
  • Stephen V gets Eastern Hungary as a duchy
1268 Mačva War Béla IV of Hungary Kingdom of Serbia Peace agreement
1272–1279 Feudal anarchy Ladislaus IV king of Hungary
Csák family
Kőszegi family
Gutkeled family
Royal victory
1277 Stefan Dragutin-Stefan Uroš I conflict Stefan Dragutin
Kingdom of Hungary
Stefan Uroš I Stefan Dragutin's victory
1277 Hungary's war with the Vlach ruler Litovoi Kingdom of Hungary Litovoi's army Victory
1282 Cuman uprising Kingdom of Hungary Cumans Victory
1285–1286 Second Mongol invasion of Hungary Kingdom of Hungary Golden Horde Victory
1291 German-Hungarian War Kingdom of Hungary  Holy Roman Empire Victory
1292–1300 Andrew III's war with the Kőszegi family Kingdom of Hungary Kőszegi family Andrew III's victory
1301–1308 Hungarian interregnum, struggles for the country's throne Charles of Anjou
Kingdom of Croatia

Duchy of Austria
Máté Csák's army
László Kán's army

Kingdom of Bohemia
Duchy of Bavaria
Kőszegi family
Victory
  • Charles I becomes Croatian and Hungarian king
1310–1321 Charles I's wars for centralizing power against Croatian and Hungarian aristocracy Kingdom of Hungary Máté Csák Royal victory
  • Centralization of the Hungarian Kingdom
1322 Feudal and dynastic conflicts in Croatia Coalition of Croatian noblemen and Dalmatian coastal towns with support of the royal forces of king Charles I Robert Mladen II Šubić of Bribir and his allies Defeat of Mladen II
1322–1337 Hungarian-Austrian War Kingdom of Hungary Duchy of Austria
 Holy Roman Empire
Kőszegi family
Babonić family
Status quo ante bellum
1321–1324 Hungarian-Serbian War Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Bosnia
Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia
Kingdom of Serbia Defeat
1330 Hungarian-Wallachian War Kingdom of Hungary Wallachia Hungarian defeat at the battle of Posada
1347–1349

1350–1352

Neapolitan campaigns of Louis the Great Kingdom of Hungary

linkKingdom of Croatia

Kingdom of Naples First campaign: Croatian/Hungarian victory
Second campaign: Status quo ante bellum
1345–1358 Croatian-Venetian War Kingdom of Hungary

linkKingdom of Croatia

Republic of Venice Victory
1345 Hungarian war with the Golden Horde for Moldavia Kingdom of Hungary Golden Horde Victory
  • Liberation of Moldavia under Mongol rule
1360–1369 Louis I's Balkan wars against Serbia, Bulgaria, Wallachia and Bosnia Kingdom of Hungary  Serbian Empire
Second Bulgarian Empire

Wallachia Wallachia
Kingdom of Bosnia

Temporary Hungarian victories
1372–1381 War of Chioggia Padua
Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of Genoa
Duchy of Austria
Republic of Venice
Milan
Ottoman Empire
Kingdom of Cyprus
Paduan military victory, practically status quo ante bellum
1384–1394 Civil war between a part of the Hungarian nobility and Mary, Queen of Hungary and Emperor Sigismund Kingdom of Hungary Horváti family

Kingdom of Naples

Emperor Sigismund's victory
1366–1526 Ottoman–Hungarian wars Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary

link Kingdom of Croatia

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

 Wallachia

 Moldavia

Serbian Despotate

Ottoman Empire
Moravian Serbia
Defeat
1411–1433 Croatian-Venetian War Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
link Kingdom of Croatia

Duchy of Milan

Republic of Venice Defeat
1419–1434 Hussite Wars Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
Hussites Victory
1428–1432 War of the South Danube Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
Wallachia Wallachia
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Ottoman Empire Ceasefire
1437–1442 Hungarian-Ottoman border conflicts, Ottoman raids in Southern Hungary and Transylvania Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary Ottoman Empire Victory
1440–1442 Civil war between Wladyslaw I and Ladislaus Kingdom of Poland
Hungarian nobles
Cillei family and other Hungarian nobles Peace agreement
  • Wladyslaw is accepted as Hungarian king
1443–1444 Long campaign Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary Ottoman Empire Hungarian withdrawal
1458–1459 Matthias I's war with Ján Jiskra Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary Jiskra's soldiers Royal victory
1458–1465 War in Bosnia Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary Ottoman Empire Inconclusive
  • A part of Bosnia is occupied by the Ottoman Empire
1471–1476 Matthias Corvinus' intervention in the Moldovian-Ottoman War Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
Moldavia
Ottoman Empire Inconclusive
  • After initial Hungarian and Moldavian victories, Hungary stopped supporting Moldavia
  • Stephen III of Moldavia becomes a vassal of the Ottoman Empire
1480–1481 Ottoman invasion of Otranto Kingdom of Naples
Kingdom of Aragon
Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
Ottoman Empire Victory
1482–1488 Austrian-Hungarian War Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary Holy Roman Empire Victory
1490–1491 War of the Hungarian Succession Kingdom of Bohemia Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Poland (the two countries were not allies)
Inconclusive
  • The Bohemian king, Wladislaus won over the Polish army and got the Hungarian throne
  • Wladislaus is defeated by the Holy Roman Empire, which reconquered Vienna and the other parts of Austria
1492–1493 The Black Army's uprising Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary Black Army Victory
  • Destruction of the Black Army
1514 Peasant revolt led by György Dózsa Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary Peasant rebels Revolt suppressed
1493–1593 Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War Until 1526:
link Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary

From 1527:
Austria Habsburg monarchy

Until 1526:
Ottoman Empire

From 1527:
Ottoman Empire

Inconclusive
  • Expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was stopped in Battle of Sisak 1593.
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1573 Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt Croatian, Styrian and Carniolan nobility

Uskoks

Croatian and Slovenian peasant rebels Peasant defeat
1593–1606 Long Turkish War Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia
Transylvania
 Wallachia
 Moldavia
 Spain
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Serbian Hajduks
 Papal States
Tuscany
Knights of St. Stephen
Duchy of Ferrara
Duchy of Mantua
 Duchy of Savoy

Ottoman Empire
Crimean Khanate
Nogai Horde
Inconclusive
1618–1648 Thirty Years' War Imperial alliance: Anti-Imperial alliance: Peace of Westphalia
  • Some sources claim that Swedish Emperor Gustavus Adolphus was killed by Croatian cavalrymen during the Battle of Lützen
1663–1664 Austro-Turkish War Holy Roman Empire

Savoy Piedmont-Savoy

Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Croatia

Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
League of the Rhine:

Baden Baden-Baden

 Swabia

 Kingdom of France

Ottoman Empire Austria and allies military victory
Ottoman commercial and diplomatic victory[1]
1683–1699 Great Turkish War Holy Roman Empire

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Tsardom of Russia

Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg) Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of Venice
Duchy of Mantua
 Spanish Empire
Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro
Serbian rebels
Greek rebels
Bulgarian rebels

Ottoman Empire Victory
1716–1718 Austro-Turkish War Habsburg monarchy  Ottoman Empire Victory
  • Treaty of Passarowitz
1788–1791 Austro-Turkish War Habsburg monarchy  Ottoman Empire Inconclusive
1803–1815 Napoleonic Wars Austrian Empire French Republic (1792–1804)
First French Empire (1804–1815)
Victory
  • Congress of Vienna
1848–1849 Hungarian Revolution of 1848 Austrian Empire

 Russian Empire

Kingdom of Hungary Victory
1866 Third Italian War of Independence Liechtenstein Principality of Liechtenstein

Austrian Empire

Kingdom of Italy Kingdom of Italy Military Victory, Diplomatic Defeat
  • Austria cedes Venetia to France, and France than cedes it to Italy
1878 Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina Austria-Hungary Bosnia Vilayet
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire (not openly)
Victory
  • Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1899–1901 Boxer Rebellion Eight-Nation Alliance:

British Empire United Kingdom
 Russia
 Japan
France
 United States
 Germany
Kingdom of Italy Italy
 Austria-Hungary

Boxers
 Qing dynasty
Victory
1914–1918 World War I Central Powers:
 Austria-Hungary

 Germany
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria

Allied Powers:
 Russia
 France
 British Empire
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Belgium
 Japan
 Italy
 Portugal
 Romania
 United States
 Hejaz
 Greece
 Brazil
Thailand Siam
Defeat

Kingdom of Yugoslavia, WWII and post-war Yugoslavia (1918–1991)

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1918-1920 Revolutions and interventions in Hungary  Czechoslovakia

 Kingdom of Romania

 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

Republic of Prekmurje


Kingdom of Hungary
 France
Hungarian Republic
Hungarian SR

Slovak SR

Victory
1918–1929 Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1 December 1918)
Austria Republic of German-Austria

 Carinthia


Austria First Austrian Republic (from 1919)
Ceasefire
1919 Christmas Uprising Kingdom of Yugoslavia Montenegrin Whites
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom of Montenegro Montenegrin Greens
 Kingdom of Italy
Victory
  • The uprising was put down
1920-1921 Koplik War Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Principality of Albania Mixed results
  • Yugoslavs are forced to withdraw due to international pressure
  • United Kingdom insists on slight adaptations in the regions of Debar, Prizren and Kastrati in the interest of Yugoslavia
1921 Albanian-Yugoslav Border War Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes

Kingdom of Greece

Republic of Mirdita

Principality of Albania Peace brokered by the League of Nations
  • Recognition of Albanian sovereignty and borders
  • Mirdita rebels disbanded
1941 Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Yugoslavia  Germany
 Italy
Bulgaria Bulgaria
Hungary Hungary
Defeat
1941–1945 World War II in Yugoslavia Allies:
 Soviet Union
Poland Poland
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia (from 1943)
Tuvan People's Republic Tuva (until 1944)[2]
 Romania (from 1944)

Bulgaria (from 1944)
 Finland (from 1944)

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Yugoslav Partisans

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1945)

Aerial role only:
Free France Free France (1943–1945)
United Kingdom United Kingdom (1941)
United States United States (1944)

Axis powers:
 Nazi Germany[3]
 Romania (until 1944)
 Hungary
 Italy (until 1943)
 Bulgaria (until 1944)
Axis puppet states:
 Slovakia

Government of Nation Salvation
 Independent State of Croatia


Co-belligerents:
 Finland (until 1944)

Victory
1946-1949 Greek Civil War Kingdom of Greece Provisional Democratic Government of Greece

Supported by:  Soviet Union  People's Socialist Republic of Albania  Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia

 Kingdom of Greece

Supported by: United Kingdom United Kingdom
United States United States

Defeat
  • Hellenic Army victory
  • 100,000 ELAS fighters and communist sympathizers serving in DSE ranks were imprisoned, exiled, or executed
1948-1954 Albanian–Yugoslav conflict  Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia  People's Socialist Republic of Albania Defeat
  • Albanian victory
1975–2002 Angolan Civil War MPLA

SWAPO MK  Cuba  East Germany  Soviet Union  Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

UNITA

FNLA FLEC  South Africa  Zaire

Victory
  • Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989
  • Dissolution of the armed forces of FNLA
  • Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991 and 1992 onward, but civil war continues
  • Immediate peace agreement and dissolution of the armed forces of UNITA in 2002
  • Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002

Republic of Croatia (1991–present)

[edit]
Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1991–1995 Croatian War of Independence  Republic of Croatia

Supported by:

Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994–1995) United States Military Professional Resources Inc.[4](1994–1995)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia (1991-1992)

Republic of Serbian Krajina
 Republika Srpska
Supported by:
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia (1992-1995)

Victory
1992–1995 Bosnian War Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia  Republic of Croatia

Supported by:
NATO NATO (bombing operations, 1995)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia (until 27 April 1992)

AP Western Bosnia
Republika Srpska
Republic of Serbian Krajina
Supported by:
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia FR Yugoslavia

Stalemate
1992–1994 Croat-Bosniak War Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia


Supported by:
 Republic of Croatia

Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina


Supported by:
Bosnian mujahideen Croatian Defence Forces (until 1993)

Inconclusive
2001–2021 War in Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

NATO NATO

ISAF phase (from 2001):

Taliban

Islamic Jihad Union

Haqqani network (from 2002)

al-Qaeda


RS phase (from 2015):

ISIL-KP

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi

Pakistani Taliban

Defeat

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ágoston, Gábor (2009). "Hungary". In Ágoston, Gábor; Bruce Masters (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. pp. 256–7.
  2. ^ Toomas Alatalu. Tuva: A State Reawakens. Soviet Studies, Vol. 44, No. 5 (1992), pp. 881–895.
  3. ^ Germany's allies, in total, provided a significant number of troops and material to the front. There were also numerous foreign units recruited by Germany, notably the Francoist Spain Spanish Blue Division and the Vichy France Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism.
  4. ^ Singer, P.W. (2003-06-01). Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. Cornell University Press. pp. 119–125. ISBN 9780801441141.
  5. ^ a b Calic, Marie–Janine (2012). "Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995". In Ingrao, Charles W.; Emmert, Thomas A. (eds.). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1-55753-617-4. Footnotes in source identify numbers as June 2012.
  6. ^ a b "Spolna i nacionalna struktura žrtava i ljudski gubitci vojnih formacija (1991–1996)". Prometej.