List of strikes in Germany
Throughout the history of Germany, a number of strikes, labour disputes, student strikes, hunger strikes, and other industrial actions have occurred.
Background
[edit] |
A labour strike is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. This can include wildcat strikes, which are done without union authorisation, and slowdown strikes, where workers reduce their productivity while still carrying out minimal working duties. It is usually a response to employee grievances, such as low pay or poor working conditions. Strikes can also occur to demonstrate solidarity with workers in other workplaces or pressure governments to change policies.
20th century
[edit]1910s
[edit]- 1916 Berlin strike, against the detention of Karl Liebknecht.
- German strike of January 1918, against World War I.
- German revolution of 1918–1919
- Berlin March Battles, in 1919.
- First Silesian Uprising, including a general strike, in 1919.
- Spartacist uprising, including strikes, in 1919.
1920s
[edit]- Ruhr uprising, in 1920.
- Cuno strikes, in 1923.
1930s
[edit]1940s
[edit]- 1947 Ruhr miners' strike, strike by miners in the Ruhr, West Germany.[1][2][3]
- 1949 East German State Railway strike
1950s
[edit]1970s
[edit]- 1973 Ford Germany strikes, de, wildcat strikes at Ford Germany.[4][5]
- 1978–79 West German steelworkers' strike[6][7][8][9]
1980s
[edit]- 1980 Berlin S-Bahn strike
- 1980 West German journalists strike, by journalists in West Germany demanding a 40-hour work week.[10]
- 1984 West Germany metalworkers' strike, 7-week strike by metalworkers in West Germany, represented by IG Metall, calling for the introduction of a 35-hour work week.[11][12]
1990s
[edit]- 1990 East German rail strike[13]
- 1993 East German steelworkers' strike[14][15]
- Frauenstreik 1994, the first national women's strike in Germany.[16][17][18]
- 1994 German postal strike, over privatisation.[19]
- 1996 German public sector strike, against austerity.[20]
- 1998 German internet strike[21][22][23]
21st century
[edit]2000s
[edit]2010s
[edit]- 2018 German metalworkers strike, organised by IG Metall, calling for improved work-life balance.[24]
2020s
[edit]- 2021 German national rail strike
- 2021 Gorillas strikes, by Gorillas delivery workers.
- 2023 German public transport strike
- 2023 Thüringer Waldquell strike;[25]
- 2024 Lufthansa strikes[26][27]
References
[edit]- ^ https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GEST19470402.2.57
- ^ https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT19470405.2.86.1
- ^ Judd, Henry (14 April 1947). "Ruhr Strikes See German Labor Revival". Labor Action. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
- ^ "Special site: "Wild cat" strikes 1973".
- ^ Kleinheisterkamp González, Nicole (2022). ""Our Turks make the best German cars": Racism as a Tool to Break Workers' Power in the 1973 Ford Strikes". Antipode. 54 (3): 873–891. Bibcode:2022Antip..54..873K. doi:10.1111/anti.12811.
- ^ Getler, Michael (28 November 1978). "West German Steelworkers Begin Strike for 35-Hour Week". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "Ruhr Steel Strike Talks Off". The New York Times. 19 December 1978. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ Thimm, Alfred L. (1979). "The German steel strike of 1978-79 : implications and consequences". The Columbia Journal of World Business. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "Pickets in the snow". The Straits Times. 30 November 1978. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ "West German Journalists Strike". The New York Times. 15 November 1980. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ Tagliabue, John (21 June 1984). "A BITTER AND PUZZLING GERMAN STRIKE". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ Drozdiak, William (1 July 1984). "West German Strike Leaves Bitter Legacy". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ "EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Railways in Eastern Germany Crippled by Strike". The New York Times. 27 November 1990. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "East German steel workers end strike after pay deal". The Business Times. 24 May 1993. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ "Eastern German Strike Peril". The New York Times. 7 April 1993. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ Baureithel, Ulrike (12 March 2014). "1994 - Nie davon gehört". Der Freitag. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Kaufer, Ricardo (28 March 2019). "Female labor activists in the German anarcho-syndicalist union (FAU) and the women's† strike movement: Class mobilization against exploitation". Journal of Labor and Society. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Merkenich, Mary (11 May 1994). "National women's strike in Germany". Green Left. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ "German postal strike ends". UPI. 2 July 1994. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
- ^ Baker, Beatriz Grace (17 February 2015). "German Public Workers Strike to Maintain Benefits 1996". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
- ^ Zagelmeyer, Stefan (27 November 1998). "Internet strike at the GMD FIRST institute". European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ Glave, James (1 October 1998). "Germans Plan 'Internet Strike'". Wired. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ Nuttall, Chris (2 November 1998). "Germany goes offline in prices protest". BBC News. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ Oltermann, Philip (8 January 2018). "German workers strike for right to two-year, 28-hour working week". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "East German workers strike, claiming they are paid less than counterparts in the west". AP News. 17 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ "Germany: Lufthansa ground staff begin 27-hour strike". DW. 7 February 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Cooban, Anna (7 March 2024). "Germany is gripped by strikes and Lufthansa is hurting". CNN. Retrieved 20 September 2024.