Jump to content

List of smallest known stars

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from List of smallest stars)

This is a list of stars, neutron stars, white dwarfs and brown dwarfs which are the least voluminous known (the smallest stars by volume).

List

[edit]

Notable small stars

[edit]

This is a list of small stars that are notable for characteristics that are not separately listed.

Star name Star mean radius, kilometres Star class Notes References
SGR 1935+2154 4.35 soft gamma repeater [1]
RX J0720.4−3125 4.50+0.08
−0.09 – 5.38+0.13
−0.14 		Neutron star Neutron stars are stellar remnants produced when a star of around 8–9 solar masses or more explodes in a supernova at the end of its life. They are usually produced by stars of less than 20 solar masses, although a more massive star may produce a neutron star in certain cases. [2]
4U 1820-30 9.1 Pulsar [3]
PSR B0943+10 10 or 2.6[a] Pulsar (quark star?) [4]
Lich Pulsar (PSR B1257+12) 10 Pulsar Orbited by three planets. [5]
Crab Pulsar (PSR B0531+21) 10 Relatively young at 7200 (or 970 relative to Earth) years old as of May 2024. [6]
Geminga 10 [7]
XTE J1739-285 10.9 Pulsar (quark star?) [8]
PSR J1906+0746 11.99 – 12.85 Pulsar [9]
PSR J2043+1711 12.13 – 12.96 [9]
PSR J1933–6211 12.15 – 12.98 [9]
Vela pulsar 12.52 – 13.30 [9]
PSR J0348+0432 A 13 ± 2 Orbited by a white dwarf star (see below) [10]
PSR J1614−2230 13 ± 2 [11]
GX 13+1 ≲14.50 Neutron star [12]
PSR J1748-2446ad <16 Pulsar Fastest-spinning pulsar known. [13]
RX J1856.5−3754 19 Neutron star Closest neutron star discovered to date. [14]
PSR B1620-26 24 Pulsar An exoplanet orbits PSR B1620-26 and its white dwarf companion (see below) in a circumbinary orbit.
HD 49798 1,600 White dwarf One of the smallest white dwarf stars known. [15]
ZTF J1901+1458 1,809 Currently the most massive white dwarf known. [16]
Janus 3,400 A white dwarf with a side of hydrogen and another side of helium. [17]
Wolf 1130 B 3,480 [18]
IK Pegasi B 4,174 The nearest supernova candidate. (Type Ia) [19]
Sirius B 5,466 Historically first detected white dwarf star [20]
LB 1497 5,494.5 [21]
40 Eridani B 5,547.5
U Geminorum white dwarf 5,565 [22]
BPM 37093 5,750 [23][b]
Gliese 742 (GRW +70 8247) 5,950 [24][c]
Gliese 915 (WD 2359-434) 6,748.3 [25]
AE Aquarii A 6,950 [26]
AR Scorpii 6,950 [27]
G 29-38 6,950 [28]
LP 145-141 6,950 4th nearest white dwarf.[29]
WD B1620−26
(PSR B1620-26 B) 		6,950 An exoplanet orbits WD B1620−26 and its pulsar companion (see above) in a circumbinary orbit.
Van Maanen's Star
(Van Maanen 2) 		6,950 3rd nearest white dwarf. [30]
WD 0810–353 6,950 [31]
YZ Leonis Minoris A 6,950 [32]
QS Virginis A 7,658 [33]
Stein 2051 B 7,930 [34]
Ross 548 (ZZ Ceti) 8,209 [35]
CR Boötis A 8,350 [36]
DQ Herculis A 8,420 A slow, bright nova that reached peak brightness on 22 December 1934 with an apparent magnitude of 1.5.[37] [38]
Procyon B 8,595 Second nearest white dwarf. [39]
GD 165 A 8,626.5 [35]
ESO 439-26 8,775.5 Faintest known white dwarf.[40]
Gliese 293 8,900[d] [25]
Wolf 489 9,044 [41]
HD 44120 C 9,044 [42]
WD 1856+534 9,113.67 [43]
Epsilon Reticuli B 9,185 [44]
KOI-256 B 9,350 [45]
RR Caeli white dwarf 10,908.5 [46]
WD 1145+017 13,926.84 Host star of one of the smallest exoplanets. [47]
NN Serpentis white dwarf 14,679.5 [48]
Beta Crateris B 18,800 [49]
Feige 55 19,450 [50][e]
Central star of the Dumbbell Nebula 38,265 [51]
KPD 0005+5106 41,045 [52]
PSR J0348+0432 B 45,268 A white dwarf that orbits its pulsar companion (see above) [10]
TMTS J052610.43+593445.1 45,916 B-type subdwarf Smallest known non-degenerate star. [53]
WISEA 1810−1010 46,840 Brown dwarf Smallest known brown dwarf. [54]
EPIC 201702477 [fr] 54,120 [55]
BE Ursae Majoris A 54,250 O-type subdwarf [56]
LP 40-365 54,250 White dwarf A white dwarf that might have formed in a type Iax supernova. Range of values of 40,350 to 82,095 km [57]
Epsilon Indi Ba 55,656 Brown dwarf [58]
LHS 6343 C 55,978 [59]
Epsilon Indi Bb 57,050 [58]
54 Piscium B 57,050 [60]
2MASS J1126−5003 57,193.5 [61]
UGPS J0521+3640 57,193.5
Wolf 1130 C 58,625 [62]
Gliese 570 D 59,350 to 66,090 [63]
EBLM J0555-57Ab 60,000 Red dwarf This red dwarf has a size comparable to that of the planet Saturn. As of 2019, it is the second lightest hydrogen-fusing star known, marginally heavier (0.0777-0.0852M☉) than the 2MASS J0523-1403. Although its mass is comparable to that of TRAPPIST-1, its radius is 1/3 smaller. [64][65][66]
Luhman 16 A 60,768 Brown dwarf Luhman 16 A and Luhman 16 B are the closest brown dwarf stars to Earth, and the third-nearest star system to the Solar System. [f]
SSSPM J0829-1309 61,300 Red dwarf An L2 dwarf that is fusing hydrogen. Similarly to 2MASS J0523-1403, SSSPM J0829-1309 is one of the least luminous and massive hydrogen-fusing stars, and is smaller than Jupiter. [67][68]
WISE 1405+5534 61,483 Brown dwarf [69]
2MASS 0939-2448 B 62,600 [70]
WISE 0855−0714 63,500 Coolest known brown dwarf. [71][g]
2MASS 0243−2453 64,000 [72]
W1906+40 64,350 In 2015 it was shown to have on its surface a storm the size of Jupiter's Great Red Spot. 
2MASS J0348−6022 64,700 [73]
SDSS J1416+1348 A 65,772.5 [74]
WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3 66,487.5 [69]
WISE 1738+2732 66,487.5 [69]
SCR 1845−6357 A 66,790 Red dwarf
2MASS 0937+2931 67,200 Brown dwarf [75]
WISE 0359−5401 67,200 In June 2023, it became the first Y-dwarf with a spectral energy distribution measured by the James Webb Space Telescope. [76][77]
2MASS J22282889–4310262 67,200 [78]
SDSS J1416+1348 B 67,200 [79]
DENIS J081730.0−615520 67,200 [75]
WISE 2150–7520 B 67,900 [80]
Kelu-1 B 67,900
Kelu-1 A 68,180
LHS 1070 C 68,180 Certainly a brown dwarf based on its mass[81] [82]
DENIS 0255−4700 69,570 [83]
R Aquarii B 69,570 White dwarf Part of a symbiotic binary star system containing a red giant and a white dwarf. [84]
HD 114762 B 69,570 Red dwarf [85]
2MASS J0407+1546 69,570 Brown dwarf [86]
HN Pegasi B 70,265 [87]
2MASS J0523-1403 70,600 Red dwarf As in 2019, with mass 67.54±12.79MJ (0.0523-0.0767M☉) is the lowest known mass hydrogen-burning star. [88][67][75]
GD 165 B 71,492 Brown dwarf [89]
15 Sagittae B 71,492 [90]
DENIS-P J1058.7−1548 71,492 [91]
LHS 2924 71,657 Red dwarf [92]
2MASS 0036+1821 72,200 Brown dwarf [75]
CoRoT-3 b 72,200 [93]
LHS 1070 B 72,350 Likely a brown dwarf based on its mass[81] [82]
UGPS 0722-05 72,850 Possibly a rogue planet [94]
WISE 2150–7520 A 73,635 [80]
Luhman 16 B 74,350 Luhman 16 B and Luhman 16 A are the closest brown dwarf stars to Earth, and the third-nearest star system to the Solar System. [f]
DENIS J1048−3956 75,135.5 Red dwarf [95]
DX Cancri 76,527 [96]
LHS 292 76,527 [97]
TVLM 513-46546 76,527 Has one confirmed exoplanet
Gliese 229 B 79,000 Brown dwarf
HR 2562 B 79,350 Its mass is quite uncertain, at 29±15 MJ .[98] It is cited by the NASA Exoplanet Archive as the most massive exoplanet known.[99] [100]
KELT-1 B 79,350 [101]
OGLE-TR-122B 81,100 Red dwarf This was once the smallest known actively fusing star, when found in 2005, through 2013. It is the smallest eclipsing red dwarf, and smallest observationally measured diameter. [102][103][104]
CoRoT-15b 82,200 Brown dwarf [105]
VB 10 82,300 Red dwarf It was the smallest known star from 1948 to 1981. [106]
TRAPPIST-1 82,925 Hosts a planetary system with at least seven rocky planets. [107]
LHS 2090 83,500 [108]
Teegarden's Star 83,500 Has two potentially habitable planets. [109]
VB 8 84,450 [106]
SPECULOOS-3 85,570 Second-smallest star known to host a transiting exoplanet after TRAPPIST-1[110] [110]
2MASS 0939-2448 A 87,220 Brown dwarf [111]
Teide 1 88,130 The first brown dwarf to be verified, in 1995. [112][h]
Gliese 412 B 90,400 Red dwarf [113]
CFBDSIR 1458+10 B 90,450 Brown dwarf
CWISE J124909.08+362116.0 93,200[i] Red dwarf A high-velocity star travelling the Milky Way at 456 km/s. [114]
Gliese 1002 95,310 Has two confirmed exoplanets [115]
LHS 1070 A 97,400 [82]
LHS 3154 97,400 Has one confirmed exoplanet [116]
Wolf 424 B 97,400 [117]
Wolf 359 100,180.8 Fifth-nearest star system to the Solar System. Has one unconfirmed exoplanet [106]
NN Serpentis red dwarf 103,660 [118]
CFBDSIR 1458+10 A 104,350 Brown dwarf
NY Virginis A 105,050 B-type subdwarf [119]
Gliese 1061 105,746.4 Red dwarf Has three confirmed exoplanets, two of them are in the habitable zone. [106]
LP 890-9 106,580 Has two confirmed exoplanets, one of them (LP 890-9c) is in the habitable zone. [120]
Proxima Centauri
(Alpha Centauri C) 		107,277 Nearest star and nearest stellar system to the Sun. Has one confirmed potentially habitable exoplanet, one unconfirmed exoplanet and one disputed exoplanet [121]
Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti) 110,615 The archetypal type of the flare stars, and the eight-nearest star system to the Solar System. [122]
GL Virginis 111,300 [123]
NY Virginis B 111,300 [124]
TZ Arietis 112,000 Has one confirmed exoplanet [125]
HD 984 B 112,700 Brown dwarf [126][j]
Luyten 726-8 A (BL Ceti) 114,790 Red dwarf Luyten 726-8 A and B are the eight-nearest star system to the Solar System. [122]
YZ Ceti 116,877.5 Has three confirmed exoplanets [127]
LP 791-18 (TOI-736) 118,270 Has three confirmed exoplanets [128]
HR 858 B 118,270 [129]
UY Sextantis 118,270 B-type subdwarf [130]
Wolf 424 A 118,270 Red dwarf [117]
Kepler-42 121,750 Has three confirmed exoplanets [131]
EZ Aquarii A (Luyten 789-6 A) 121,750 [117]
HW Virginis B 121,835 [132]
Gliese 1151 123,900 Has one confirmed exoplanet [133]
AB Doradus C 124,100 Very low-mass star (0.09 M☉) [134][k]
GQ And (Groombridge 34 B) 125,200 [135]
Wolf 1069 126,130 Has one confirmed potentially habitable exoplanet [136]
HW Virginis A 127,404.6 B-type subdwarf [132]
Gliese 3323 129,539.5 Red dwarf Has two confirmed exoplanets [137]
Barnard's Star 130,100 The star with the highest proper motion,[138] and the second-nearest star system to the Solar system. Has a planet, Barnard's Star b / Barnard b.[139] [106]
Batsũ̀ (LHS 3844) 131,500 Has one confirmed exoplanet [140]
Ross 248 132,200 Tenth-nearest star system to the Solar System. [113]
Gliese 1128 132,200 [141]
Alpha Mensae B 132,200 [142]
Ross 128 136,844 Has one confirmed potentially habitable exoplanet [143]
LTT 1445 C 137,050 [144]
Ross 154 139,140 Ninth-nearest star system to our Solar System. [106]
Gliese 1062 141,000 Other sources cites 258,800 km (0.372 R☉)[145] and 285,935 km (0.411 R☉)[146] [147]
Kepler-70 141,225 B-type subdwarf Has two unconfirmed exoplanets, which may be the hottest exoplanets known. [148]
RR Caeli red dwarf 141,225 Red dwarf
Gliese 1214 141,922 Has a confirmed exoplanet [106]
Gliese 754 142,618.5 [149]
LHS 1140 142,618.5 Has two confirmed exoplanets [106]
EZ Aquarii B (Luyten 789-6 B) 146,100 [150]
Gliese 1132 149,575 Has two confirmed exoplanets [106]
LSR J1835+3259 150,133 Brown dwarf [151]
CT Chamaeleontis B (CT Cha B) 157,300 Either planet or brown dwarf [152]
Fomalhaut C 160,000 Red dwarf [153][l]
V391 Pegasi 160,000 B-type subdwarf Has one exoplanet candidate [154]
Kepler-1649 161,400 Red dwarf Has two confirmed exoplanets [155]
LTT 1445 B 164,185 [144]
CM Draconis B (CM Dra B) 166,700 [156]
Kepler-429 167,000 B-type subdwarf Has three exoplanet candidates [157]
Kruger 60 B 167,000 Red dwarf [158]
Ross 695 167,000 [159]
TOI-715 167,000 Has one confirmed, potentially habitable exoplanet [160]
2M1207 A 173,925 Brown dwarf Has one confirmed exoplanet [161]
CM Draconis A (CM Dra A) 176,000 Red dwarf [162]
DG Canum Venaticorum 176,000 [163]
Gliese 625 177,400 [164]
Gliese 12 182,065 Has one known exoplanet [165]
AM Herculis red dwarf 180,882 [166]
Z Andromedae B 184,530.63 White dwarf Largest known white dwarf. Part of a symbiotic binary star system containing a red giant and a white dwarf. [167]
55 Cancri B 186,447.5 Red dwarf [168]
LTT 1445 A 188,500 Red dwarf Has three confirmed exoplanets, one of them is in the habitable zone [169]
Struve 2398 B 189,925 [113]
Gliese 105 B (268 G. Ceti B) 193,405 [113]
LHS 475 194,030.5 Has one confirmed exoplanet [170]
HR 7703 B 194,800 [158]
Gliese 445 198,275 [171]
Mu Cassiopeiae Ab 201,750 [172]
Kapteyn's Star 202,448.7 This is the closest halo star to the Sun. [173]
Stein 2051 A 203,150 [174]
HN Librae 208,000 Has one confirmed planet and one unconfirmed [175]
Gliese 402 208,700
L 98-59 210,800 Has four confirmed exoplanets and one unconfirmed [176]
Gliese 581 215,650 Has three confirmed exoplanets [106]
40 Eridani C 215,650 [177]
Wolf 1061 221,900 Has three confirmed exoplanets [106]
Gliese 3929 222,600 Has two confirmed exoplanets [178]
Xi Ursae Majoris Ab 222,600 [179]
Kepler-296 B 224,000 [180]
YZ Canis Minoris 225,400 [125]
LHS 1678 228,285 Has three known exoplanets [181]
Wolf 437 (Gar) 228,190 Has one confirmed exoplanet [182]
Gliese 1 229,580 [183]
Wolf 1130 A 229,580 [184]
Gliese 357 231,650 Has three confirmed exoplanets [185]
Gliese 667 C 231,650 Has two confirmed exoplanets [106]
Kepler-47 B 235,150 There are three exoplanets orbiting Kepler-47 B and its companion, Kepler-47 A, in a circumbinary orbit. [186][187]
Luyten's Star (Gliese 273) 243,500 Has two confirmed exoplanets and other two unconfirmed [188]
Kruger 60 A 243,500 [158]
Struve 2398 A 246,300 [106]
EV Lacertae 250,500 On 25 April 2008, a record-setting stellar flare was observed on its surface by NASA's Swift, that was thousands of times more powerful than any solar flare.[189] [190]
Theta Cygni B 250,500 [191]
Gliese 251 253,235 Has one confirmed exoplanet [192]
DT Virginis B (Rose 458) 256,000 [193]
AT Microscopii B (AT Mic B) 257,400 [194]
Regulus C 257,400 [195]
Gliese 876 (Ross 780) 258,800 Has four confirmed exoplanets [106]
LHS 6343 A (KOI-959 A) 259,495 [59]
LTT 3780 (TOI-732) 260,190 Has two confirmed exoplanets [196]
TOI-270 263,000 Has three confirmed exoplanets [197]
Gliese 412 A 264,400 [113]
KIC 4150611 Ab2 264,400 [198]
GX And (Groombridge 34 A) 267,800 Has two confirmed exoplanets [106]
L 34-26 270,000 It hosts the exoplanet with the longest known orbital period, COCONUTS-2b, which takes about 1.1 million years to complete an orbit around its star.[199] [200]
Gliese 908 (BR Piscium) 271,323 [159]
Gliese 1252 272,000 Has one confirmed exoplanet, an ultra-short-period planet with a daytime temperature measured at 1140 °C.[201] [202]
Sharjah (HIP 79431) 272,000 Has one confirmed exoplanet. Other sources cites radius of 307,500 km (0.442 R☉)[203] and 375,680 km (0.54 R☉)[204] [205]
Lalande 21185 273,500 Sixth-nearest star system to the Solar System. Has two confirmed exoplanets and one unconfirmed [206]
LHS 6343 B 274,100 [59]
Gliese 22 B 274,100 [207]
Gliese 179 278,300 Has two confirmed exoplanets [137]
HIP 57050 278,300 Has two confirmed exoplanets [208]
KOI-4777 278,300 Has one confirmed exoplanet [209]
Gliese 163 284,550 Has five confirmed exoplanets [106]
AT Microscopii A (AT Mic A) 285,250 [194]
Gliese 588 292,200 [210]
Gliese 686 292,200 Has a confirmed exoplanet [211]
KIC 4150611 Ab1 292,200 [198]
TOI 700 292,200 Has four confirmed exoplanets [212]
QS Virginis B 292,404 [33]
Gliese 180 294,211.5 Has two confirmed exoplanets [137]
AD Leonis (Gliese 388) 294,500 [213]
Gliese 408 299,150 [158]
Gliese 3634 299,150 Has a confirmed exoplanet [214]
Gliese 569 A 299,150 [215]
U Geminorum red dwarf 299,150 [22]
Gliese 436 300,542 Has a confirmed exoplanet [106]
Sigma Coronae Borealis C 304,000 [216]
HD 260655 (TOI-4599) 305,400 Has two confirmed exoplanets [217]
WR 93b 306,108 Wolf-Rayet [218]
Gliese 832 307,500 Red dwarf Has two exoplanets [106]
Gliese 877 307,500 [185]
Gliese 393 310,212.5 [137]
Tabby's Star B (KIC 8462852 B) 313,065 [219]
Añañuca (Gliese 367) 317,935 Has three confirmed exoplanets [220]
Gliese 849 322,800 Has two confirmed exoplanets [106]
K2-18 (EPIC 201912552) 326,300 Has two confirmed exoplanets [221]
Gliese 521 327,000 [222]
BAT99-123 (Brey 93) 327,000 Wolf-Rayet First WO star discovered in the Large Magellanic Cloud. [223]
Lacaille 9352 (Gliese 887) 329,750 Red dwarf Has two confirmed exoplanets and one unconfirmed [106]

Smallest stars by type

[edit]
List of the smallest stars by star type
Type Star name Radius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1) 		Radius
Earth radii
(Earth = 1) 		Radius
(km / mi) 		Date Notes References
Red dwarf EBLM J0555-57Ab 0.084 0.84 9.41 60,000 km (37,000 mi) 2017 The red dwarf stars are considered the smallest stars known, and representative of the smallest star possible. [64][65][66]
Brown dwarf WISEA 1810−1010 0.067 0.655 7.29 46,840 km (29,110 mi) Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to build up the pressure in the central regions to allow nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. They are best described as extremely massive gas giants that were not able to ignite into a hydrogen-fusing star. [54]
White dwarf HD 49798 0.0023 0.023 0.25 1,600 km (990 mi) 2021 White dwarfs are stellar remnants produced when a star with around 8 solar masses or less sheds its outer layers into a planetary nebula. The leftover core becomes the white dwarf. It is thought that white dwarfs cool down over quadrillions of years to produce a black dwarf. [15]
Neutron star RX J0720.4−3125 0.0000064683 – 0.0000077332 0.00006294 – 0.00007525 0.0007055 – 0.0008435 4.50+0.08
−0.09 – 5.38+0.13
−0.14 		2012 Neutron stars are stellar remnants produced when stars with around 9 solar masses or more explode in supernovae at the ends of their lives. They are usually produced by stars with less than 20 solar masses, although a more massive star may produce a neutron star in certain cases. [2]

Timeline of smallest red dwarf star recordholders

[edit]

Red dwarfs are considered the smallest star known that are active fusion stars, and are the smallest stars possible that is not a brown dwarf.

List of smallest red dwarf titleholders
Star name Date Radius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1) 		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1) 		Radius
km
(mi) 		Notes
EBLM J0555-57Ab 2017- 0.084 0.84 60,000 km (37,000 mi) This star has a size comparable to that of Saturn. [64][65][66]
2MASS J0523-1403 2013-2017 0.102 1.01 70,600 km (43,900 mi) Lowest mass main sequence star as in 2020. [88][67][224][75]
OGLE-TR-122B 2005-2013 0.117 1.16 81,100 km (50,400 mi) [102][103][104]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ If PSR B0943+10 is a neutron star, its radius is 10 km. If it is a quark star, its radius is 2.6 km.
  2. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  3. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  4. ^ From surface gravity and mass
  5. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  6. ^ a b From : , where is the luminosity, is the radius, is the effective surface temperature and is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant.
  7. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  8. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  9. ^ Calculated using the mass and a surface gravity of 5.1 using the following equation:
    log(R/R☉) = 2.22 + 0.5 • log(M/M☉) - 0.5 • log g
  10. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  11. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .
  12. ^ Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:
    .

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shao, Yixuan (2024). "GTC Optical/NIR upper limits and NICER X-ray analysis of SGR J1935+2154 for the outburst in 2022". arXiv:2410.00635 [astrophysics].
  2. ^ a b Hohle, M.M.; Haberl, F.; Vink, J.; de Vries, C.P.; et al. (2012). "The Continued Spectral and Temporal Evolution of RX J0720.4-3125". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 423 (2): 1194–99. arXiv:1203.3708. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.423.1194H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20946.x. S2CID 55696761.
  3. ^ Wanas, M. I.; Ammar, Samah A.; Foda, Mona M. (July 2024). "Structure of compact stars: A pure geometric approach". New Astronomy. 109. Bibcode:2024NewA..10902201W. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2024.102201. ISSN 1384-1076.
  4. ^ Yue, Y. L.; Cui, X. H.; Xu, R. X. (2006-10-01). "Is PSR B0943+10 a low-mass quark star?". The Astrophysical Journal. 649 (2): L95–L98. arXiv:astro-ph/0603468. Bibcode:2006ApJ...649L..95Y. doi:10.1086/508421. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18183996.
  5. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2017-10-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "psr b0531 21 radius - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2018-09-04.
  7. ^ "Geminga | pulsar". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
  8. ^ Zhang, C. M.; Yin, H. X.; Zhao, Y. H.; Wei, Y. C.; Li, X. D. (October 2007). "Does Sub-millisecond Pulsar XTE J1739-285 Contain a Low Magnetic Neutron Star or Quark Star ?". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 119 (860): 1108–1113. arXiv:0708.3566. Bibcode:2007PASP..119.1108Z. doi:10.1086/522796. ISSN 0004-6280. S2CID 15651718.
  9. ^ a b c d Sen, Debashree; Guha, Atanu (21 February 2024). "Estimating the dark matter halo velocity and surface temperature of some known pulsars due to dark matter capture". arXiv:2402.13795 [hep-ph].
  10. ^ a b Antoniadis, J.; Freire, P. C. C.; Wex, N.; Tauris, T. M.; Lynch, R. S.; Van Kerkwijk, M. H.; Kramer, M.; Bassa, C.; Dhillon, V. S.; Driebe, T.; Hessels, J. W. T.; Kaspi, V. M.; Kondratiev, V. I.; Langer, N.; Marsh, T. R.; McLaughlin, M. A.; Pennucci, T. T.; Ransom, S. M.; Stairs, I. H.; Van Leeuwen, J.; Verbiest, J. P. W.; Whelan, D. G. (2013). "A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary". Science. 340 (6131): 1233232. arXiv:1304.6875. Bibcode:2013Sci...340..448A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.769.4180. doi:10.1126/science.1233232. PMID 23620056. S2CID 15221098.
  11. ^ Demorest, Paul; Pennucci, Tim; Ransom, Scott; Roberts, Mallory; Hessels, Jason (October 2010). "Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star". Nature. 467 (7319): 1081–1083. arXiv:1010.5788. doi:10.1038/nature09466. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 20981094.
  12. ^ Giridharan, L.; Thomas, Neal Titus; Gudennavar, S. B.; Bubbly, S. G. (21 December 2023). "Spectral and temporal features of GX 13+1 as revealed by AstroSat". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527 (4): 11855–11865. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3941. ISSN 0035-8711.
  13. ^ "PSR J1748-2446ad is the fastest-spinning pulsar known, at 716 Hz, or 716 times a second. This pulsar was discovered by Jason W. T. Hessels... | Astro Sci | Pinterest". Pinterest. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
  14. ^ Ho, Wynn C. G.; Kaplan, David L.; Chang, Philip; van Adelsberg, Matthew; Potekhin, Alexander Y. (2007-03-01). "Magnetic Hydrogen Atmosphere Models and the Neutron Star RX J1856.5-3754". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 375 (3): 821–830. arXiv:astro-ph/0612145. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.375..821H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11376.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  15. ^ a b Mereghetti, S.; Pintore, F.; Rauch, T.; La Palombara, N.; Esposito, P.; Geier, S.; Pelisoli, I.; Rigoselli, M.; Schaffenroth, V.; Tiengo, A. (April 10, 2021). "New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 504: 920–925. arXiv:2104.03867. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1004.
  16. ^ Caiazzo, Ilaria; Burdge, Kevin; Fuller, James; Heyl, Jeremy; Kulkarni, Shri; Prince, Thomas; Richer, Harvey; Schwab, Josiah; Andreoni, Igor (2020-11-09). "A moon-sized, highly magnetised and rapidly rotating white dwarf may be headed toward collapse". doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-99143/v1. S2CID 234924493. Retrieved 2020-11-29. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ^ Caiazzo, Ilaria; Burdge, Kevin B.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Fuller, James; Ferrario, Lilia; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Hermes, J. J.; Heyl, Jeremy; Kawka, Adela; Kulkarni, S. R.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Mróz, Przemek; Prince, Thomas A.; Richer, Harvey B.; Rodriguez, Antonio C. (2023-08-01). "A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces". Nature. 620 (7972): 61–66. arXiv:2308.07430. Bibcode:2023Natur.620...61C. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 37468630.
  18. ^ Mace, Gregory N.; Mann, Andrew W.; Skiff, Brian A.; Sneden, Christopher; Kirkpatrick, Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Kidder, Benjamin; Gosnell, Natalie M.; Kim, Hwihyun (2018-02-13), "Wolf 1130: A Nearby Triple System Containing a Cool, Ultramassive White Dwarf", The Astrophysical Journal, 854 (2): 145, arXiv:1802.04803, Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..145M, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa8dd
  19. ^ Barstow, M. A.; Holberg, J. B.; Koester, D. (1994-10-01). "Extreme-ultraviolet spectrophotometry of HD 15638 and HR 8210 (IK Peg)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 270 (3): 516–522. Bibcode:1994MNRAS.270..516B. doi:10.1093/mnras/270.3.516. ISSN 0035-8711.
  20. ^ Peter Thejll; Harry L. Shipman (1986). "Temperature, radius, and rotational velocity of Sirius B". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 98 (608) (published October 1986): 922–926. Bibcode:1986PASP...98..922T. doi:10.1086/131845. ISSN 0004-6280. JSTOR 40678784.
  21. ^ Wegner, Gary; Reid, I. N.; McMahan, Robert K. Jr. (July 1991). "Gravitational redshift for the Pleiad white dwarf LB 1497". The Astrophysical Journal. 376: 186. Bibcode:1991ApJ...376..186W. doi:10.1086/170266. ISSN 0004-637X.
  22. ^ a b Naylor, T.; Allan, A.; Long, K. S. (August 2005). "The masses, radii and luminosities of the components of U Geminorum". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 361 (3): 1091–1101. arXiv:astro-ph/0506351. Bibcode:2005MNRAS.361.1091N. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09262.x. hdl:10871/20279.
  23. ^ "V* V886 Cen". Montreal White Dwarf Database. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  24. ^ "GJ 742". Montreal White Dwarf Database. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  25. ^ a b Subasavage, John P.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Henry, Todd J.; Bergeron, P.; Dufour, P.; Ianna, Philip A.; Costa, Edgardo; Mendez, Rene A. (2009-06-01). "The Solar Neighborhood. XXI. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9m Program: 20 New Members of the 25 Parsec White Dwarf Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4547–4560. arXiv:0902.0627. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4547S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4547. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 14696597.
  26. ^ Itoh, Kei; et al. (2005). "Density diagnostics of the hot plasma in AE Aquarii with XMM-NEWTON" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 639 (1): 397–404. arXiv:astro-ph/0412559. Bibcode:2006ApJ...639..397I. doi:10.1086/499152. S2CID 14578720. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-11-15.
  27. ^ Singh, K. K.; Meintjes, P. J.; Yadav, K. K. (2021-03-22). "Properties of white dwarf in the binary system AR Scorpii and its observed features". Modern Physics Letters A. 36 (13). arXiv:2103.11602v1. Bibcode:2021MPLA...3650096S. doi:10.1142/S0217732321500966. S2CID 232307204.
  28. ^ Reach, William T.; Lisse, Carey; von Hippel, Ted; Mullally, Fergal (2009-03-01). "The Dust Cloud around the White Dwarf G 29-38. II. Spectrum from 5 to 40 μm and Mid-Infrared Photometric Variability". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (1): 697–712. arXiv:0810.3276. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693..697R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/697. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 12832891.
  29. ^ Sion, Edward M.; Holberg, Jay B.; Oswalt, Terry D.; McCook, George P.; Wasatonic, Richard (2009-12-01). "The White Dwarfs within 20 Parsecs of the Sun: Kinematics and Statistics". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (6): 1681–1689. arXiv:0910.1288. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1681S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1681. ISSN 0004-6256.
  30. ^ Kervella, Pierre; Arenou, Frédéric; Thévenin, Frédéric (2022-01-01). "Stellar and substellar companions from Gaia EDR3 - Proper-motion anomaly and resolved common proper-motion pairs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 657: A7. arXiv:2109.10912. Bibcode:2022A&A...657A...7K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142146. ISSN 0004-6361.
  31. ^ Kervella, Pierre; Arenou, Frédéric; Thévenin, Frédéric (2022). "Stellar and substellar companions from Gaia EDR3". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 657: A7. arXiv:2109.10912. Bibcode:2022A&A...657A...7K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142146.
  32. ^ Sengupta, Sujan; Taam, Ronald E. (2011-09-02). "Theoretical Spectra of the Am Canum Venaticorum Binary System SDSS J0926+3624: Effects of Irradiation Onto the Donor Star". The Astrophysical Journal. 739 (1): 34. arXiv:1107.1444. Bibcode:2011ApJ...739...34S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/739/1/34. ISSN 0004-637X.
  33. ^ a b O'Donoghue, D.; Koen, C.; Kilkenny, D.; Stobie, R. S.; Koester, D.; Bessell, M. S.; Hambly, N.; MacGillivray, H. (October 2003). "The DA+dMe eclipsing binary EC13471-1258: its cup runneth over...just". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 345 (2): 506–528. arXiv:astro-ph/0307144. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345..506O. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06973.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  34. ^ Sahu, Kailash C.; Anderson, Jay; Casertano, Stefano; Bond, Howard E.; Bergeron, Pierre; Nelan, Edmund P.; Pueyo, Laurent; Brown, Thomas M.; Bellini, Andrea; Levay, Zoltan G.; Sokol, Joshua; Dominik, Martin; Calamida, Annalisa; Kains, Noé; Livio, Mario (2017-06-09). "Relativistic deflection of background starlight measures the mass of a nearby white dwarf star". Science. 356 (6342): 1046–1050. arXiv:1706.02037. Bibcode:2017Sci...356.1046S. doi:10.1126/science.aal2879. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28592430.
  35. ^ a b Giammichele, N.; Fontaine, G.; Brassard, P.; Charpinet, S. (2016-03-01). "A New Analysis of the Two Classical ZZ Ceti White Dwarfs GD 165 and Ross 548. II. Seismic Modeling". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 223 (1): 10. Bibcode:2016ApJS..223...10G. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/223/1/10. ISSN 0067-0049. S2CID 124354534.
  36. ^ Boneva, Daniela; et al. (August 2021), "Mid-Cycle Observations of CR Boo and Estimation of the System's Parameters", Data, 5 (4): 113, arXiv:2108.10421, doi:10.3390/data5040113.
  37. ^ "Notes from Pacific Coast Observatories". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 47 (275): 47. 1935-02-01. Bibcode:1935PASP...47...47.. doi:10.1086/124534. ISSN 0004-6280.
  38. ^ Saito, R. K.; Baptista, R.; Horne, K.; Martell, P. (2010-05-07). "Spectral Mapping of the Intermediate Polar Dq Herculis". The Astronomical Journal. 139 (6): 2542–2556. arXiv:1005.1612. Bibcode:2010AJ....139.2542S. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2542. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 118447217.
  39. ^ Provencal, J. L.; Shipman, H. L.; Koester, Detlev; Wesemael, F.; Bergeron, P. (2002-03-20). "Procyon B: Outside the Iron Box". The Astrophysical Journal. 568 (1): 324–334. Bibcode:2002ApJ...568..324P. doi:10.1086/338769. ISSN 0004-637X.
  40. ^ Ruiz, María Teresa; Bergeron, P.; Leggett, S. K.; Anguita, Claudio (1995-12-20). "The Extremely Low Luminosity White Dwarf ESO 439−26". The Astrophysical Journal. 455 (2): L159. Bibcode:1995ApJ...455L.159R. doi:10.1086/309845. ISSN 0004-637X.
  41. ^ Holberg, J. B.; Sion, E. M.; Oswalt, T.; McCook, G. P.; Foran, S.; Subasavage, John P. (2008-04-01). "A New Look at the Local White Dwarf Population". The Astronomical Journal. 135 (4): 1225–1238. Bibcode:2008AJ....135.1225H. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1225. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 122855486.
  42. ^ Bédard, Antoine; Bergeron, Pierre; Fontaine, Gilles (2017-10-09). "Measurements of Physical Parameters of White Dwarfs: A Test of the Mass-Radius Relation". The Astrophysical Journal. 848 (1): 11. arXiv:1709.02324. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848...11B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8bb6. ISSN 1538-4357.
  43. ^ Vanderburg, Andrew; Rappaport, Saul A.; Xu, Siyi; Crossfield, Ian; Becker, Juliette C.; Gary, Bruce; Murgas, Felipe; Blouin, Simon; Kaye, Thomas G.; Palle, Enric; Melis, Carl; Morris, Brett; Kreidberg, Laura; Gorjian, Varoujan; Morley, Caroline V. (2020-09-17). "A Giant Planet Candidate Transiting a White Dwarf". Nature. 585 (7825): 363–367. arXiv:2009.07282. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..363V. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2713-y. hdl:1721.1/129733. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32939071. S2CID 221738865.
  44. ^ Farihi, J.; Burleigh, M. R.; Holberg, J. B.; Casewell, S. L.; Barstow, M. A. (2011-11-01). "Evolutionary Constraints on the Planet-Hosting Subgiant Epsilon Reticulum from its White Dwarf Companion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 417 (3): 1735–1741. arXiv:1104.0925. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19354.x.
  45. ^ Muirhead, Philip S.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Shporer, Avi; Becker, Juliette; Swift, Jonathan J.; Lloyd, James P.; Fuller, Jim; Zhao, Ming; Hinkley, Sasha; Pineda, J. Sebastian; Bottom, Michael; Howard, Andrew W.; von Braun, Kaspar; Boyajian, Tabetha S.; Law, Nicholas (2013-04-02). "Characterizing the Cool KOIs. V. KOI-256: A Mutually Eclipsing Post-Common Envelope Binary". The Astrophysical Journal. 767 (2): 111. arXiv:1304.1165. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767..111M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/111. ISSN 0004-637X.
  46. ^ Parsons, S. G.; Gänsicke, B. T.; Marsh, T. R.; Ashley, R. P.; Bours, M. C. P.; Breedt, E.; Burleigh, M. R.; Copperwheat, C. M.; Dhillon, V. S.; Green, M.; Hardy, L. K.; Hermes, J. J.; Irawati, P.; Kerry, P.; Littlefair, S. P. (October 2017). "Testing the white dwarf mass-radius relationship with eclipsing binaries". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (4): 4473–4492. arXiv:1706.05016. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1522. hdl:2117/113341. ISSN 0035-8711.
  47. ^ Andrew Vanderburg; John Asher Johnson; Saul Rappaport; Allyson Bieryla; Jonathan Irwin; John Arban Lewis; David Kipping; Warren R. Brown; Patrick Dufour; David R. Ciardi; Ruth Angus; Laura Schaefer; David W. Latham; David Charbonneau; Charles Beichman; Jason Eastman; Nate McCrady; Robert A. Wittenmyer; Jason T. Wright (11 June 2015). "A disintegrating minor planet transiting a white dwarf" (PDF). Nature. 526 (7574) (published 22 October 2015): 546–549. arXiv:1510.06387. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..546V. doi:10.1038/nature15527. PMID 26490620. S2CID 4451207.
  48. ^ Parsons, S. G.; Marsh, T. R.; Copperwheat, C. M.; Dhillon, V. S.; Littlefair, S. P.; Gansicke, B. T.; Hickman, R. (March 2010). "Precise mass and radius values for the white dwarf and low mass M dwarf in the pre-cataclysmic binary NN Serpentis". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 402 (4): 2591–2608. arXiv:0909.4307. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.2591P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16072.x.
  49. ^ Holberg, J. B.; Oswalt, T. D.; Sion, E. M.; Barstow, M. A.; Burleigh, M. R. (2013-11-01). "Where are all the Sirius-Like Binary Systems?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 435 (3): 2077–2091. arXiv:1307.8047. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.435.2077H. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1433. ISSN 1365-2966.
  50. ^ "Feige 55". Montreal White Dwarf Database. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  51. ^ Benedict, G. Fritz; McArthur, B. E.; Fredrick, L. W.; Harrison, T. E.; Skrutskie, M. F.; Slesnick, C. L.; Rhee, J.; Patterson, R. J.; Nelan, E.; Jefferys, W. H.; van Altena, W.; Montemayor, T.; Shelus, P. J.; Franz, O. G.; Wasserman, L. H. (November 2003). "Astrometry with Hubble Space Telescope: A Parallax of the Central Star of the Planetary Nebula NGC 6853". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (5): 2549–2556. arXiv:astro-ph/0307449. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2549B. doi:10.1086/378603. ISSN 0004-6256.
  52. ^ Chu, You-Hua; Toalá, Jesús A.; Guerrero, Martín A.; Bauer, Florian F.; Bilikova, Jana; Gruendl, Robert A. (2021-04-01). "Hard X-Ray Emission Associated with White Dwarfs. IV. Signs of Accretion from Substellar Companions". The Astrophysical Journal. 910 (2): 119. arXiv:2102.05035. Bibcode:2021ApJ...910..119C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe5a5. ISSN 0004-637X.
  53. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375515291_A_seven-Earth-radius_helium-burning_star_inside_a_205-min_verification_binary_of_GWs [bare URL]
  54. ^ a b Lodieu, N.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero; Martín, E. L.; López, R. Rebolo; Gauza, B. (2022-07-01). "Physical properties and trigonometric distance of the peculiar dwarf WISE J181005.5−101002.3". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 663: A84. arXiv:2206.13097. Bibcode:2022A&A...663A..84L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243516. ISSN 0004-6361.
  55. ^ Bayliss, D.; Hojjatpanah, S.; Santerne, A.; Dragomir, D.; Zhou, G.; Shporer, A.; Colón, K. D.; Almenara, J.; Armstrong, D. J.; Barrado, D.; Barros, S. C. C.; Bento, J.; Boisse, I.; Bouchy, F.; Brown, D. J. A. (2017-01-01). "EPIC 201702477b: A Transiting Brown Dwarf from K2 in a 41 day Orbit". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (1): 15. arXiv:1606.04047. Bibcode:2017AJ....153...15B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/15. hdl:1721.1/109493. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 31951035.
  56. ^ Ferguson, Donald H.; Liebert, James; Haas, Stefan; Napiwotzki, Ralf; James, Thomas A. (1999-06-01). "Masses and Other Parameters of the Post-Common Envelope Binary BE Ursae Majoris". The Astrophysical Journal. 518 (2): 866–872. Bibcode:1999ApJ...518..866F. doi:10.1086/307289. hdl:2299/1230. ISSN 0004-637X.
  57. ^ Vennes, S.; Nemeth, P.; Kawka, A.; Thorstensen, J. R.; Khalack, V.; Ferrario, L.; Alper, E. H. (2017-08-01). "An unusual white dwarf star may be a surviving remnant of a subluminous Type Ia supernova". Science. 357 (6352): 680–683. arXiv:1708.05568. Bibcode:2017Sci...357..680V. doi:10.1126/science.aam8378. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28818942.
  58. ^ a b King, Robert R.; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Homeier, Derek; Allard, France; Scholz, Ralf-Dieter; Lodieu, Nicolas (February 2010). "Epsilon Indi Ba, Bb: a detailed study of the nearest known brown dwarfs". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: A99. arXiv:0911.3143. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912981. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 53550866.
  59. ^ a b c Montet, Benjamin T.; Johnson, John Asher; Muirhead, Philip S.; Villar, Ashley; Vassallo, Corinne; Baranec, Christoph; Law, Nicholas M.; Riddle, Reed; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard (2015-02-20). "Characterizing the Cool KOIs. VII. Refined Physical Properties of the Transiting Brown Dwarf LHS 6343 C". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (2): 134. arXiv:1411.4047. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800..134M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/134. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 555496.
  60. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Patten, B. M.; Marengo, M.; Schuster, M. T.; Hora, J. L.; Ellis, R. G.; Stauffer, J. R.; Sonnett, S. M.; Winston, E.; Gutermuth, R. A.; Megeath, S. T.; Backman, D. E.; Henry, T. J.; Werner, M. W.; Fazio, G. G. (January 2007). "Discovery of Two T Dwarf Companions with the Spitzer Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 654 (1): 570–579. arXiv:astro-ph/0609464. Bibcode:2007ApJ...654..570L. doi:10.1086/509073. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 11576708.
  61. ^ Vos, Johanna M.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A. (2017-06-15). "The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes". The Astrophysical Journal. 842 (2): 78. arXiv:1705.06045. Bibcode:2017ApJ...842...78V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa73cf. ISSN 1538-4357.
  62. ^ Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Best, William M. J.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Siverd, Robert J. (2021-04-01). "The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. V. New T-dwarf Members and Candidate Members of Nearby Young Moving Groups". The Astrophysical Journal. 911 (1): 7. arXiv:2102.05045. Bibcode:2021ApJ...911....7Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe3fa. ISSN 0004-637X.
  63. ^ Saumon, D.; Marley, M. S.; Cushing, M. C.; Leggett, S. K.; Roellig, T. L.; Lodders, K.; Freedman, R. S. (2006-08-10). "Ammonia as a tracer of chemical equilibrium in the T7.5 dwarf Gliese 570D". The Astrophysical Journal. 647 (1): 552–557. arXiv:astro-ph/0605563. Bibcode:2006ApJ...647..552S. doi:10.1086/505419. ISSN 0004-637X.
  64. ^ a b c Eric Mack (11 July 2017). "Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered". cnet.
  65. ^ a b c "Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers". University of Cambridge. 2017.
  66. ^ a b c Alexander von Boetticher; et al. (12 June 2017). "The EBLM project; III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604: L6. arXiv:1706.08781. Bibcode:2017A&A...604L...6V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. S2CID 54610182. EBLM_III.
  67. ^ a b c Sergio B. Dieterich9; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 25. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID 21036959. 94.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  68. ^ "SSSPM J0829-1309: A New nearby L dwarf detected in superCOSMOS Sky Surveys". inspirehep.net. Retrieved November 21, 2021.
  69. ^ a b c Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, Lisa A.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Freedman, Richard S.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. (2011-08-23). "The Discovery of Y Dwarfs Using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (1): 50. arXiv:1108.4678v1. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743...50C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50. S2CID 286881.
  70. ^ Leggett, S. K.; Cushing, M. C.; Saumon, D.; Marley, M. S.; Roellig, T. L.; Warren, S. J.; Burningham, B.; Jones, H. R. A.; Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Lodieu, N.; Lucas, P. W.; Mainzer, A. K.; Martin, E. L.; McCaughrean, M. J.; Pinfield, D. J. (2009-04-20). "The Physical Properties of Four ~600K T Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (2): 1517–1526. arXiv:0901.4093. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1517L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1517. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 44050900.
  71. ^ Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; et al. (January 2024). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (1): 5. arXiv:2311.17316. Bibcode:2024AJ....167....5L. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad0b72. ISSN 0004-6256.
  72. ^ Burgasser, Adam J.; Burrows, Adam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2006-03-10). "A Method for Determining the Physical Properties of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 639 (2): 1095–1113. arXiv:astro-ph/0510707. Bibcode:2006ApJ...639.1095B. doi:10.1086/499344. ISSN 0004-637X.
  73. ^ Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (2021-05-01). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-Cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. ISSN 0004-6256.
  74. ^ Gonzales, Eileen C.; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Cleary, Colleen; Visscher, Channon; Marley, Mark S.; Lupu, Roxana; Freedman, Richard (2020-12-01). "Retrieval of the d/sdL7+T7.5p Binary SDSS J1416+1348AB". The Astrophysical Journal. 905 (1): 46. arXiv:2010.01224. Bibcode:2020ApJ...905...46G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abbee2. ISSN 0004-637X.
  75. ^ a b c d e Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L.; Kramer, Michael; Bassa, Cees; Dhillon, Vik S.; Driebe, Thomas; Hessels, Jason W. T.; Kaspi, Victoria M.; Kondratiev, Vladislav I.; Langer, Norbert; Marsh, Thomas R.; McLaughlin, Maura A.; Pennucci, Timothy T.; Ransom, Scott M.; Stairs, Ingrid H.; Joeri van Leeuwen; Verbiest, Joris P. W.; Whelan, David G. (2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. S2CID 89611607.
  76. ^ Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv:2306.11807. Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c. ISSN 0004-637X.
  77. ^ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (2023-09-25), "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres", The Astrophysical Journal, 959 (2): 86, arXiv:2309.14567, Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad
  78. ^ Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Liu, Michael C.; Metchev, Stanimir; Eriksson, Simon; Manjavacas, Elena; Dupuy, Trent J.; Janson, Markus; Radigan-Hoffman, Jacqueline; Crossfield, Ian; Bonnefoy, Mickael; Best, William M. J.; Homeier, Derek (2020-06-24). "Spitzer Variability Properties of Low-Gravity L Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (1): 38. arXiv:2005.12854. Bibcode:2020AJ....160...38V. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9642. ISSN 1538-3881.
  79. ^ Gonzales, Eileen C.; Burningham, Ben; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Cleary, Colleen; Visscher, Channon; Marley, Mark S.; Lupu, Roxana; Freedman, Richard (2020-12-01). "Retrieval of the d/sdL7+T7.5p Binary SDSS J1416+1348AB". The Astrophysical Journal. 905 (1): 46. arXiv:2010.01224. Bibcode:2020ApJ...905...46G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abbee2. ISSN 0004-637X.
  80. ^ a b Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Goodman, Sam; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Kuchner, Marc J.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Gagné, Jonathan; Schneider, Adam C.; Gonzales, Eileen C.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Allers, Katelyn; Burgasser, Adam J. (2020-02-01). "WISE 2150-7520AB: A Very Low-mass, Wide Comoving Brown Dwarf System Discovered through the Citizen Science Project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9". The Astrophysical Journal. 889 (2): 176. arXiv:1911.04600. Bibcode:2020ApJ...889..176F. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5303. ISSN 0004-637X.
  81. ^ a b Köhler, R.; Ratzka, T.; Leinert, Ch (2012-05-01). "Orbits and masses in the multiple system LHS 1070". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A29. arXiv:1203.6270. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A..29K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118707. ISSN 0004-6361.
  82. ^ a b c Rajpurohit, A. S.; Reyle, C.; Schultheis, M.; Leinert, Ch; Allard, F.; Homeier, D.; Ratzka, T.; Abraham, P.; Moster, B. (2012-08-02), "The very low mass multiple system LHS\,1070 -- a testbed for model atmospheres for the lower end of the main sequence", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 545: A85, arXiv:1208.0452, Bibcode:2012A&A...545A..85R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219029
  83. ^ Stephens, D. C.; Leggett, S. K.; Cushing, Michael C.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Geballe, T. R.; Golimowski, David A.; Fan, Xiaohui; Noll, K. S. (2009-09-01). "The 0.8-14.5 micron Spectra of Mid-L to Mid-T Dwarfs: Diagnostics of Effective Temperature, Grain Sedimentation, Gas Transport, and Surface Gravity". The Astrophysical Journal. 702 (1): 154–170. arXiv:0906.2991. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/1/154. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118650774.
  84. ^ Burgarella, D.; Vogel, M.; Paresce, F. (1992-08-01). "R Aquarii : an attempt at a unified model". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 262: 83–96. Bibcode:1992A&A...262...83B. ISSN 0004-6361.
  85. ^ Bowler, Brendan P.; Liu, Michael C.; Cushing, Michael C. (2009-12-01). "The Benchmark Ultracool Subdwarf HD 114762B: A Test of Low-Metallicity Atmospheric and Evolutionary Models". The Astrophysical Journal. 706 (2): 1114–1135. arXiv:0910.1604. Bibcode:2009ApJ...706.1114B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/2/1114. ISSN 0004-637X.
  86. ^ Tannock, Megan E.; Metchev, Stanimir; Heinze, Aren; Miles-Páez, Paulo A.; Gagné, Jonathan; Burgasser, Adam; Marley, Mark S.; Apai, Dániel; Suárez, Genaro; Plavchan, Peter (2021-05-01). "Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-Cool Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (5): 224. arXiv:2103.01990. Bibcode:2021AJ....161..224T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abeb67. ISSN 0004-6256.
  87. ^ Leggett, S. K.; Saumon, D.; Albert, Loic; Cushing, Michael C.; Liu, Michael C.; Luhman, K. L.; Marley, M. S.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Roellig, Thomas L.; Allers, K. N. (August 2008). "HN Peg B: A Test of Models of the L to T Dwarf Transition". The Astrophysical Journal. 682 (2): 1256–1263. arXiv:0804.1386. Bibcode:2008ApJ...682.1256L. doi:10.1086/589146. ISSN 0004-637X.
  88. ^ a b John Bochanski (23 December 2013). "New Cutoff for Star Sizes". Sky and Telescope.
  89. ^ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 89611607.
  90. ^ Crepp, Justin R.; Johnson, John Asher; Fischer, Debra A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Wright, Jason T.; Isaacson, Howard; Boyajian, Tabetha; von Braun, Kaspar; Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; Hinkley, Sasha; Carpenter, John M.; Brewer, John M. (2012-06-01). "The Dynamical Mass and Three-Dimensional Orbit of HR7672B: A Benchmark Brown Dwarf with High Eccentricity". The Astrophysical Journal. 751 (2): 97. arXiv:1112.1725. Bibcode:2012ApJ...751...97C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/97. ISSN 0004-637X.
  91. ^ Vos, Johanna M.; Biller, Beth A.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Liu, Michael C.; Metchev, Stanimir; Eriksson, Simon; Manjavacas, Elena; Dupuy, Trent J.; Janson, Markus; Radigan-Hoffman, Jacqueline; Crossfield, Ian; Bonnefoy, Mickael; Best, William M. J.; Homeier, Derek (2020-06-24). "Spitzer Variability Properties of Low-Gravity L Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (1): 38. arXiv:2005.12854. Bibcode:2020AJ....160...38V. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9642. hdl:1721.1/132407.2. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 218889787.
  92. ^ Tsuji, Takashi; Nakajima, Tadashi (2016-02-01). "Near-infrared spectroscopy of M dwarfs. III. Carbon and oxygen abundances in late M dwarfs, including the dusty rapid rotator 2MASSI J1835379+325954†". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 68 (1): 13. arXiv:1511.04682. Bibcode:2016PASJ...68...13T. doi:10.1093/pasj/psv119. ISSN 0004-6264.
  93. ^ Deleuil, M.; Deeg, H. J.; Alonso, R.; Bouchy, F.; Rouan, D.; Auvergne, M.; Baglin, A.; Aigrain, S.; Almenara, J. M.; Barbieri, M.; Barge, P.; Bruntt, H.; Bordé, P.; Collier Cameron, A.; Csizmadia, Sz. (2008-12-01). "Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission . VI. CoRoT-Exo-3b: the first secure inhabitant of the brown-dwarf desert". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 491 (3): 889–897. arXiv:0810.0919. Bibcode:2008A&A...491..889D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810625. ISSN 0004-6361.
  94. ^ Dupuy, Trent J.; Kraus, Adam L. (2013-09-27). "Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects". Science. 341 (6153): 1492–1495. arXiv:1309.1422. Bibcode:2013Sci...341.1492D. doi:10.1126/science.1241917. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24009359. S2CID 30379513.
  95. ^ Lienhard, F.; Queloz, D.; Gillon, M.; Burdanov, A.; Delrez, L.; Ducrot, E.; Handley, W.; Jehin, E.; Murray, C. A.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Gillen, E.; Mortier, A.; Rackham, B. V. (2020-09-21). "Global Analysis of the TRAPPIST Ultra-Cool Dwarf Transit Survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 497 (3): 3790–3808. arXiv:2007.07278. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2054. ISSN 0035-8711.
  96. ^ Morin, J.; Donati, J. F.; Petit, P.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Jardine, M. M. (2010-07-20). "Large-scale magnetic topologies of late M dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (4): 2269–2286. arXiv:1005.5552. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.407.2269M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17101.x. S2CID 119192200.
  97. ^ Morin, J.; Donati, J. F.; Petit, P.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Jardine, M. M. (2010-07-20). "Large-scale magnetic topologies of late M dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (4): 2269–2286. arXiv:1005.5552. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.407.2269M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17101.x.
  98. ^ Sutlieff, Ben J.; Bohn, Alexander J.; Birkby, Jayne L.; Kenworthy, Matthew A.; Morzinski, Katie M.; Doelman, David S.; Males, Jared R.; Snik, Frans; Close, Laird M.; Hinz, Philip M.; Charbonneau, David (2021-07-24). "High-contrast observations of brown dwarf companion HR 2562 B with the vector Apodizing Phase Plate coronagraph". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 506 (3): 3224–3238. arXiv:2106.14890. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1893. ISSN 0035-8711.
  99. ^ "Planetary Systems". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
  100. ^ Konopacky, Quinn M.; Rameau, Julien; Duchene, Gaspard; Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Godfrey, Paige A. Giorla; Marois, Christian; Nielsen, Eric L.; Pueyo, Laurent; Rafikov, Roman R.; Rice, Emily L.; Wang, Jason J.; Ammons, S. Mark; Bailey, Vanessa P.; Barman, Travis S.; Bulger, Joanna (2016-09-14). "Discovery of a Substellar Companion to the Nearby Debris Disk Host HR 2562". The Astrophysical Journal. 829 (1): L4. arXiv:1608.06660. Bibcode:2016ApJ...829L...4K. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/829/1/L4. ISSN 2041-8213.
  101. ^ Siverd, Robert J.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Pepper, Joshua; Eastman, Jason D.; Collins, Karen; Bieryla, Allyson; Latham, David W.; Buchhave, Lars A.; Jensen, Eric L. N.; Crepp, Justin R.; Street, Rachel; Stassun, Keivan G.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Berlind, Perry; Calkins, Michael L. (2012-12-20). "KELT-1b: A Strongly Irradiated, Highly Inflated, Short Period, 27 Jupiter-mass Companion Transiting a mid-F Star". The Astrophysical Journal. 761 (2): 123. arXiv:1206.1635. Bibcode:2012ApJ...761..123S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/123. ISSN 0004-637X.
  102. ^ a b Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). "Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets". Space.com.
  103. ^ a b Jonathan O'Callaghan; Josh Barker (National Space Centre) (22 March 2013). "What is the smallest star?". SpaceAnswers.com.
  104. ^ a b Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). "A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (2) (published April 2005): L21–L24. arXiv:astro-ph/0501611. Bibcode:2005A&A...433L..21P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025. S2CID 14799999.
  105. ^ Bouchy, F.; Deleuil, M.; Guillot, T.; Aigrain, S.; Carone, L.; Cochran, W. D. (January 2011). "Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XV. CoRoT-15b: a brown dwarf transiting companion". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 525: A68. arXiv:1010.0179. Bibcode:2011A&A...525A..68B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015276. ISSN 0004-6361.
  106. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (2021-09-01). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1): 40. arXiv:2106.07656. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...40P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 235435757.
  107. ^ Agol, Eric; Dorn, Caroline; Grimm, Simon L.; Turbet, Martin; Ducrot, Elsa; Delrez, Laetitia; Gillon, Michaël; Demory, Brice-Olivier; Burdanov, Artem; Barkaoui, Khalid; Benkhaldoun, Zouhair; Bolmont, Emeline; Burgasser, Adam; Carey, Sean; Wit, Julien de (2021-01-22). "Refining the Transit-timing and Photometric Analysis of TRAPPIST-1: Masses, Radii, Densities, Dynamics, and Ephemerides". The Planetary Science Journal. 2 (1): 1. arXiv:2010.01074. Bibcode:2021PSJ.....2....1A. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abd022. ISSN 2632-3338.
  108. ^ Fouqué, Pascal; Moutou, Claire; Malo, Lison; Martioli, Eder; Lim, Olivia; Rajpurohit, Arvind; Artigau, Etienne; Delfosse, Xavier; Donati, Jean-François; Forveille, Thierry; Morin, Julien; Allard, France; Delage, Raphaël; Doyon, René; Hébrard, Elodie (2018-04-01). "SPIRou Input Catalogue: Global properties of 440 M dwarfs observed with ESPaDOnS at CFHT". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475 (2): 1960–1986. arXiv:1712.04490. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3246. ISSN 0035-8711.
  109. ^ Dreizler, S.; Luque, R.; Ribas, I.; Koseleva, V.; Ruh, H. L.; Nagel, E.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Zechmeister, M.; Reiners, A. (2024-02-01), "Teegarden's Star revisited: A nearby planetary system with at least three planets", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 684, arXiv:2402.00923, Bibcode:2024A&A...684A.117D, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348033
  110. ^ a b Gillon, Michaël; Pedersen, Peter P.; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Dransfield, Georgina; Ducrot, Elsa; Barkaoui, Khalid; Burdanov, Artem Y.; Schroffenegger, Urs; Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Lederer, Susan M.; Alonso, Roi; Burgasser, Adam J.; Howell, Steve B.; Narita, Norio; de Wit, Julien (2024-05-15). "Detection of an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby ultracool dwarf star SPECULOOS-3". Nature Astronomy. 8 (7): 865–878. arXiv:2406.00794. Bibcode:2024NatAs...8..865G. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02271-2. ISSN 2397-3366.
  111. ^ Line, Michael R.; Marley, Mark S.; Liu, Michael C.; Burningham, Ben; Morley, Caroline V.; Hinkel, Natalie R.; Teske, Johanna; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Lupu, Roxana; Freedman, Richard (2017-10-13). "Uniform Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis of Ultracool Dwarfs II: Properties of 11 T-dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 848 (2): 83. arXiv:1612.02809. Bibcode:2017ApJ...848...83L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7ff0. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 53053922.
  112. ^ Rebolo, R.; Martin, E. L.; Basri, G.; Marcy, G. W.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero (1996-09-20). "Brown Dwarfs in the Pleiades Cluster Confirmed by the Lithium Test". The Astrophysical Journal. 469 (1): L53–L56. arXiv:astro-ph/9607002. Bibcode:1996ApJ...469L..53R. doi:10.1086/310263.
  113. ^ a b c d e Mann, Andrew W.; Feiden, Gregory A.; Gaidos, Eric; Boyajian, Tabetha; von Braun, Kaspar (2015-05-01). "How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1): 64. arXiv:1501.01635. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...64M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/64. hdl:2152/34940. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 19269312.
  114. ^ Burgasser, Adam J.; Gerasimov, Roman; Kremer, Kyle; Brooks, Hunter; Alvarado III, Efrain; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Theissen, Christopher A.; Softich, Emma (2024-07-11). "Discovery of a Hypervelocity L Subdwarf at the Star/Brown Dwarf Mass Limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 971 (1): L25. arXiv:2407.08578. Bibcode:2024ApJ...971L..25B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6607.
  115. ^ Mascareño, A. Suárez; González-Álvarez, E.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero; Lillo-Box, J.; Faria, J. P.; Passegger, V. M.; Hernández, J. I. González; Figueira, P.; Sozzetti, A.; Rebolo, R.; Pepe, F.; Santos, N. C.; Cristiani, S.; Lovis, C.; Silva, A. M. (2022-11-28). "Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ1002". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A5. arXiv:2212.07332. Bibcode:2023A&A...670A...5S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244991. ISSN 0004-6361.
  116. ^ Stefansson, Gudmundur; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Miguel, Yamila; Robertson, Paul; Delamer, Megan; Kanodia, Shubham; Cañas, Caleb; Winn, Joshua; Ninan, Joe (2023-03-23), An extreme test case for planet formation: a close-in Neptune orbiting an ultracool star, arXiv:2303.13321
  117. ^ a b c Routley, Nick (June 26, 2020). "The 44 Closest Stars and How They Compare to our Sun". Visual Capitalist.
  118. ^ Delfosse, Xavier; et al. (December 2000), "Accurate masses of very low mass stars. IV. Improved mass-luminosity relations", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 364: 217–224, arXiv:astro-ph/0010586, Bibcode:2000A&A...364..217D
  119. ^ Charpinet, S.; Van Grootel, V.; Reese, D.; Fontaine, G.; Green, E. M.; Brassard, P.; Chayer, P. (2008-10-01). "Testing the forward modeling approach in asteroseismology. II. Structure and internal dynamics of the hot B subdwarf component in the close eclipsing binary system PG 1336-018". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 489 (1): 377–394. Bibcode:2008A&A...489..377C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809907. hdl:2268/109085. ISSN 0004-6361.
  120. ^ Delrez, L.; Murray, C. A.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Narita, N.; Ducrot, E.; Timmermans, M.; Watanabe, N.; Burgasser, A. J.; Hirano, T.; Rackham, B. V.; Stassun, K. G.; Van Grootel, V.; Aganze, C.; Cointepas, M.; Howell, S. (November 2022). "Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 667: A59. arXiv:2209.02831. Bibcode:2022A&A...667A..59D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244041. ISSN 0004-6361.
  121. ^ Kervella, P.; Thévenin, F.; Lovis, C. (February 2017). "Proxima's orbit around Alpha Centauri". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 598: L7. arXiv:1611.03495. Bibcode:2017A&A...598L...7K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629930. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 50867264.
  122. ^ a b Kervella, P.; Mérand, A.; Ledoux, C.; Demory, B.-O.; Bouquin, J.-B. Le (September 2016). "The red dwarf pair GJ65AB: inflated, spinning twins of Proxima". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 593: A127. arXiv:1607.04351. Bibcode:2016A&A...593A.127K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628631. ISSN 0004-6361.
  123. ^ Reiners, A.; Basri, G.; Browning, M. (2009-02-01). "Evidence for Magnetic Flux Saturation in Rapidly Rotating M Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 692 (1): 538–545. arXiv:0810.5139. Bibcode:2009ApJ...692..538R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/1/538. ISSN 0004-637X.
  124. ^ Vučković, M.; Aerts, C.; Östensen, R.; Nelemans, G.; Hu, Haili; Jeffery, C. S.; Dhillon, V. S.; Marsh, T. R. (2007-08-01). "The binary properties of the pulsating subdwarf B eclipsing binary PG 1336-018 (NY Virginis)". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 471 (2): 605–615. arXiv:0706.3363. Bibcode:2007A&A...471..605V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077179. ISSN 0004-6361.
  125. ^ a b Houdebine, Eric R.; Mullan, D. J.; Doyle, J. G.; de La Vieuville, Geoffroy; Butler, C. J.; Paletou, F. (2019-07-10). "The Mass-Activity relationships in M and K dwarfs. I. Stellar parameters of our sample of M and K dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (2): 56. arXiv:1905.07921. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...56H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab23fe. ISSN 1538-3881.
  126. ^ Johnson-Groh, Mara; Marois, Christian; De Rosa, Robert J.; Nielsen, Eric L.; Rameau, Julien; Blunt, Sarah; Vargas, Jeffrey; Ammons, S. Mark; Bailey, Vanessa P.; Barman, Travis S.; Bulger, Joanna; Chilcote, Jeffrey K.; Cotten, Tara; Doyon, René; Duchêne, Gaspard (2017-04-01). "Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Low-mass Companion HD 984 B with the Gemini Planet Imager". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (4): 190. arXiv:1703.02607. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..190J. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6480. ISSN 0004-6256.
  127. ^ Astudillo-Defru, N.; Díaz, R. F.; Bonfils, X.; Almenara, J. M.; Delisle, J.-B.; Bouchy, F.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Lovis, C.; Mayor, M.; Murgas, F.; Pepe, F.; Santos, N. C.; Ségransan, D.; Udry, S. (2017-08-10). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XLII. A system of Earth-mass planets around the nearby M dwarf YZ Ceti". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 605. arXiv:1708.03336v2. Bibcode:2017A&A...605L..11A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731581. S2CID 119393757.
  128. ^ Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Waalkes, William; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Narita, Norio; Muirhead, Philip; Ment, Kristo; Matthews, Elisabeth; Kraus, Adam; Kostov, Veselin; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Kane, Stephen R.; Isaacson, Howard; Halverson, Sam; Gonzales, Erica; Everett, Mark (2019-09-19). "A Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Transiting the Late-type M Dwarf LP 791-18". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 883 (1): L16. arXiv:1906.09267. Bibcode:2019ApJ...883L..16C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d30. ISSN 2041-8205.
  129. ^ Vanderburg, Andrew; Huang, Chelsea X.; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Becker, Juliette C.; Ricker, George R.; Vanderspek, Roland K.; Latham, David W.; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua N.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Addison, Brett; Bieryla, Allyson; Briceño, Cesar; Bowler, Brendan P.; Brown, Timothy M. (2019-08-10). "TESS Spots a Compact System of Super-Earths around the Naked-Eye Star HR 858". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 881 (1): L19. arXiv:1905.05193. Bibcode:2019ApJ...881L..19V. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab322d. ISSN 2041-8205.
  130. ^ Reed, M. D.; Yeager, M.; Vos, J.; Telting, J. H.; Østensen, R. H.; Slayton, A.; Baran, A. S.; Jeffery, C. S. (2020-03-01). "K2 observations of the pulsating subdwarf B stars UY Sex and V1405 Ori". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 492 (4): 5202–5217. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.492.5202R. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa144. ISSN 0035-8711.
  131. ^ Mann, Andrew W.; Dupuy, Trent; Muirhead, Philip S.; Johnson, Marshall C.; Liu, Michael C.; Ansdell, Megan; Dalba, Paul A.; Swift, Jonathan J.; Hadden, Sam (2017-05-25). "The Gold Standard: Accurate Stellar and Planetary Parameters for Eight Kepler M dwarf Systems Enabled by Parallaxes". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (6): 267. arXiv:1705.01545. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..267M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7140. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 119325474.
  132. ^ a b Brown-Sevilla, S. B.; Nascimbeni, V.; Borsato, L.; Tartaglia, L.; Nardiello, D.; Granata, V.; Libralato, M.; Damasso, M.; Piotto, G.; Pollacco, D.; West, R. G.; Colombo, L. S.; Cunial, A.; Piazza, G.; Scaggiante, F. (2021-07-19). "A new photometric and dynamical study of the eclipsing binary star HW Virginis". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 506 (2): 2122–2135. arXiv:2106.15632. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1843. ISSN 0035-8711.
  133. ^ Blanco-Pozo, J.; Perger, M.; Damasso, M.; Escudé, G. Anglada; Ribas, I.; Baroch, D.; Caballero, J. A.; Cifuentes, C.; Jeffers, S. V.; Lafarga, M.; Kaminski, A.; Kaur, S.; Nagel, E.; Perdelwitz, V.; Pérez-Torres, M. (March 2023). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A long-period planet around GJ 1151 measured with CARMENES and HARPS-N data". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 671: A50. arXiv:2301.04442. Bibcode:2023A&A...671A..50B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245053. ISSN 0004-6361.
  134. ^ Close, Laird M.; Thatte, Niranjan; Nielsen, Eric L.; Abuter, Roberto; Clarke, Fraser; Tecza, Matthias (2007-08-01). "New Photometry and Spectra of AB Doradus C: An Accurate Mass Determination of a Young Low-Mass Object with Theoretical Evolutionary Tracks". The Astrophysical Journal. 665 (1): 736–743. arXiv:astro-ph/0703564. Bibcode:2007ApJ...665..736C. doi:10.1086/518207. ISSN 0004-637X.
  135. ^ Pinamonti, M.; Damasso, M.; Marzari, F.; Sozzetti, A.; Desidera, S.; Maldonado, J.; Scandariato, G.; Affer, L.; Lanza, A. F.; Bignamini, A.; Bonomo, A. S.; Borsa, F.; Claudi, R.; Cosentino, R.; Giacobbe, P. (September 2018). "The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N@TNG VIII. Gl15A: A multiple wide planetary system sculpted by binary interaction". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 617: A104. arXiv:1804.03476. Bibcode:2018A&A...617A.104P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732535. ISSN 0004-6361.
  136. ^ Kossakowski, D.; Kürster, M.; Trifonov, T.; Henning, Th; Kemmer, J.; Caballero, J. A.; Burn, R.; Sabotta, S.; Crouse, J. S.; Fauchez, T. J.; Nagel, E.; Kaminski, A.; Herrero, E.; Rodríguez, E.; González-Álvarez, E. (February 2023). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A84. arXiv:2301.02477. Bibcode:2023A&A...670A..84K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245322. ISSN 0004-6361.
  137. ^ a b c d Schweitzer, Andreas; Passegger, V. M.; Cifuentes, C.; Bejar, V. J. S.; Cortes-Contreras, M.; Caballero, J. A.; del Burgo, C.; Czesla, S.; Kuerster, M.; Montes, D.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero; Ribas, I.; Reiners, A.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J. (May 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Different roads to radii and masses of the target stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 625: A68. arXiv:1904.03231. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..68S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834965. ISSN 0004-6361.
  138. ^ Vallenari, A.; Brown, A. G. A.; Prusti, T. (2022-06-13). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 244398875.
  139. ^ González Hernández, J. I.; et al. (October 2024). "A sub-Earth-mass planet orbiting Barnard's star". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 690. arXiv:2410.00569. Bibcode:2024arXiv241000569G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451311. A79.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  140. ^ Vanderspek, Roland; Huang, Chelsea X.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Ricker, George R.; Latham, David W.; Seager, Sara; Winn, Joshua N.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Burt, Jennifer; Dittmann, Jason; Newton, Elisabeth; Quinn, Samuel N.; Shporer, Avi; Charbonneau, David; Irwin, Jonathan (2019-01-25). "TESS Discovery of an ultra-short-period planet around the nearby M dwarf LHS 3844". The Astrophysical Journal. 871 (2): L24. arXiv:1809.07242. Bibcode:2019ApJ...871L..24V. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aafb7a. ISSN 2041-8213.
  141. ^ Houdebine, Eric R.; Mullan, D. J.; Doyle, J. G.; de La Vieuville, Geoffroy; Butler, C. J.; Paletou, F. (2019-07-10). "The Mass-Activity relationships in M and K dwarfs. I. Stellar parameters of our sample of M and K dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (2): 56. arXiv:1905.07921. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...56H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab23fe. ISSN 1538-3881.
  142. ^ Chontos, Ashley; Huber, Daniel; Berger, Travis A.; Kjeldsen, Hans; Serenelli, Aldo M.; Aguirre, Victor Silva; Ball, Warrick H.; Basu, Sarbani; Bedding, Timothy R.; Chaplin, William J.; Claytor, Zachary R.; Corsaro, Enrico; García, Rafael A.; Howell, Steve B.; Lundkvist, Mia S. (2021-12-01). "TESS Asteroseismology of $\alpha$ Mensae: Benchmark Ages for a G7 Dwarf and its M-dwarf Companion". The Astrophysical Journal. 922 (2): 229. arXiv:2012.10797. Bibcode:2021ApJ...922..229C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1269. ISSN 0004-637X.
  143. ^ Mann, Andrew W.; Feiden, Gregory A.; Gaidos, Eric; Boyajian, Tabetha; von Braun, Kaspar (2015-05-01). "How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1): 64. arXiv:1501.01635. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...64M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/64. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 19269312.
  144. ^ a b Winters, Jennifer G.; Medina, Amber A.; Irwin, Jonathan M.; Charbonneau, David; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Horch, Elliott P.; Eastman, Jason D.; Vrijmoet, Eliot; Henry, Todd J.; Diamond-Lowe, Hannah; Winston, Elaine; Barclay, Thomas; Bonfils, Xavier; Ricker, George R.; Vanderspek, Roland (2019-09-23). "Three Red Suns in the Sky: A Transiting, Terrestrial Planet in a Triple M Dwarf System at 6.9 Parsecs". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (4): 152. arXiv:1906.10147. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..152W. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab364d. ISSN 1538-3881.
  145. ^ Houdebine, E. R. (2010-09-01). "Observation and modelling of main-sequence star chromospheres - XIV. Rotation of dM1 stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (3): 1657–1673. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.407.1657H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16827.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  146. ^ Houdebine, E. R. (2010-08-25). "Observation and modelling of main-sequence star chromospheres - XIV. Rotation of dM1 stars★". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 407 (3): 1657–1673. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.407.1657H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16827.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  147. ^ Kesseli, Aurora Y.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio B.; Penny, Matthew T.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Veyette, Mark; Boeshaar, Patricia C.; Henderson, Calen B.; Cushing, Michael C.; Calchi-Novati, Sebastiano; Shvartzvald, Yossi; Muirhead, Philip S. (2019-01-21). "Radii of 88 M Subdwarfs and Updated Radius Relations for Low-Metallicity M Dwarf Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 157 (2): 63. arXiv:1810.07702. Bibcode:2019AJ....157...63K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aae982. ISSN 1538-3881.
  148. ^ DEDIEU, cyril. "Notes for Planet KOI-55 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 2023-12-22. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
  149. ^ Newton, Elisabeth R.; Mondrik, Nicholas; Irwin, Jonathan; Winters, Jennifer G.; Charbonneau, David (2018-10-18). "New rotation period measurements for M dwarfs in the southern hemisphere: an abundance of slowly rotating, fully convective stars". The Astronomical Journal. 156 (5): 217. arXiv:1807.09365. Bibcode:2018AJ....156..217N. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad73b. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 119209638.
  150. ^ Torres, G.; Andersen, J.; Gimenez, A. (February 2010). "Accurate masses and radii of normal stars: modern results and applications". The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 18 (1–2): 67–126. arXiv:0908.2624. Bibcode:2010A&ARv..18...67T. doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0025-1. ISSN 0935-4956.
  151. ^ Berdyugina, S. V.; Harrington, D. M.; Kuzmychov, O.; Kuhn, J. R.; Hallinan, G.; Kowalski, A. F.; Hawley, S. L. (2017-09-20). "First Detection of a Strong Magnetic Field on a Bursty Brown Dwarf: Puzzle Solved". The Astrophysical Journal. 847 (1): 61. arXiv:1709.02861. Bibcode:2017ApJ...847...61B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa866b. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 118904301.
  152. ^ "List of smallest known stars Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  153. ^ Mamajek, Eric E.; Bartlett, Jennifer L.; Seifahrt, Andreas; Henry, Todd J.; Dieterich, Sergio B.; Lurie, John C.; Kenworthy, Matthew A.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Riedel, Adric R.; Subasavage, John P.; Winters, Jennifer G.; Finch, Charlie T.; Ianna, Philip A.; Bean, Jacob (2013-12-01). "The Solar Neighborhood. XXX. Fomalhaut C". The Astronomical Journal. 146 (6): 154. arXiv:1310.0764. Bibcode:2013AJ....146..154M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/6/154. ISSN 0004-6256.
  154. ^ Silvotti, R.; Schuh, S.; Kim, S.-L.; Lutz, R.; Reed, M.; Benatti, S.; Janulis, R.; Lanteri, L.; Ostensen, R.; Marsh, T. R.; Dhillon, V. S.; Paparo, M.; Molnar, L. (March 2018). "The sdB pulsating star V391 Peg and its putative giant planet revisited after 13 years of time-series photometric data". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 611: A85. arXiv:1711.10942. Bibcode:2018A&A...611A..85S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731473. ISSN 0004-6361.
  155. ^ "Kepler-1649 | NASA Exoplanet Archive". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
  156. ^ Morales, J. C.; Ribas, I.; Jordi, C.; Torres, G.; Gallardo, J.; Guinan, E. F.; Charbonneau, D.; Wolf, M.; Latham, D. W.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Bradstreet, D. H.; Everett, M. E.; O'Donovan, F. T.; Mandushev, G.; Mathieu, R. D. (2009-02-01). "Absolute properties of the low-mass eclipsing binary CM Draconis". The Astrophysical Journal. 691 (2): 1400–1411. arXiv:0810.1541. Bibcode:2009ApJ...691.1400M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1400. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 3752277.
  157. ^ Mathur, Savita; Huber, Daniel; Batalha, Natalie M.; Ciardi, David R.; Bastien, Fabienne A.; Bieryla, Allyson; Buchhave, Lars A.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Furlan, Elise; Howard, Andrew W.; Howell, Steve B.; Isaacson, Howard; Latham, David W. (2017-03-30). "Revised Stellar Properties of Kepler Targets for the Q1-17 (DR25) Transit Detection Run". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 229 (2): 30. arXiv:1609.04128. Bibcode:2017ApJS..229...30M. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/229/2/30. ISSN 1538-4365.
  158. ^ a b c d Fracassini, L. E. Pasinetti; Pastori, L.; Covino, S.; Pozzi, A. (February 2001). "Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third Edition - Comments and Statistics". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 367 (2): 521–524. arXiv:astro-ph/0012289. Bibcode:2001A&A...367..521P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000451. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 425754.
  159. ^ a b Maldonado, J.; Affer, L.; Micela, G.; Scandariato, G.; Damasso, M.; Stelzer, B.; Barbieri, M.; Bedin, L. R.; Biazzo, K.; Bignamini, A.; Borsa, F.; Claudi, R. U.; Covino, E.; Desidera, S.; Esposito, M. (May 2015). "Stellar parameters of early M dwarfs from ratios of spectral features at optical wavelengths". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 577: A132. arXiv:1503.03010. Bibcode:2015A&A...577A.132M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525797. ISSN 0004-6361.
  160. ^ Dransfield, Georgina; Timmermans, Mathilde; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Dévora-Pajares, Martín; Aganze, Christian; Barkaoui, Khalid; Burgasser, Adam J.; Collins, Karen A.; Cointepas, Marion; Ducrot, Elsa; Günther, Maximilian N.; Howell, Steve B.; Murray, Catriona A.; Niraula, Prajwal; Rackham, Benjamin V. (2024-01-01). "A 1.55 R⊕ habitable-zone planet hosted by TOI-715, an M4 star near the ecliptic South Pole". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527 (1): 35–52. arXiv:2305.06206. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.527...35D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1439. ISSN 0035-8711.
  161. ^ Mohanty, Subhanjoy; Jayawardhana, Ray; Huélamo, Nuria; Mamajek, Eric (2007-03-01). "The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk". The Astrophysical Journal. 657 (2): 1064–1091. arXiv:astro-ph/0610550. Bibcode:2007ApJ...657.1064M. doi:10.1086/510877. ISSN 0004-637X.
  162. ^ J.C. Morales; I. Ribas; C. Jordi; G. Torres; J. Gallardo; E.F. Guinan; D. Charbonneau; M. Wolf; D.W. Latham; G. Anglada-Escudé; D.H. Bradstreet; M.E. Everett; F.T. O'Donovan; G. Mandushev; R.D. Mathieu (2009) [8 October 2008]. "Absolute properties of the low-mass eclipsing binary CM Draconis". The Astrophysical Journal. 691 (2) (published February 2009): 1400–1411. arXiv:0810.1541. Bibcode:2009ApJ...691.1400M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/1400. S2CID 3752277.
  163. ^ Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.; Gebran, M. (2016-05-01). "Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters and Compilations of v sin I and P/sin I for a Large Sample of Late-K and M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 97. arXiv:1604.07920. Bibcode:2016ApJ...822...97H. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/97. ISSN 0004-637X.
  164. ^ Khata, Dhrimadri; Mondal, Soumen; Das, Ramkrishna; Ghosh, Supriyo; Ghosh, Samrat (2020-04-01). "Understanding the physical properties of young M dwarfs: NIR spectroscopic studies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (3): 4533–4550. arXiv:2002.05762. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.4533K. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa427. ISSN 0035-8711.
  165. ^ Kuzuhara, Masayuki; Fukui, Akihiko; Livingston, John H.; Caballero, José A.; de Leon, Jerome P.; Hirano, Teruyuki; Kasagi, Yui; Murgas, Felipe; Narita, Norio; Omiya, Masashi; Orell-Miquel, Jaume; Palle, Enric; Changeat, Quentin; Esparza-Borges, Emma; Harakawa, Hiroki (2024-05-23). "Gliese 12 b: A Temperate Earth-sized Planet at 12 pc Ideal for Atmospheric Transmission Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 967 (2): L21. arXiv:2405.14708. Bibcode:2024ApJ...967L..21K. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad3642. ISSN 2041-8205.
  166. ^ Dai, Zhibin; Qian, Shengbang; Li, Linjia (2013-08-26). "Updated photometry and orbital period analysis for the polar \objectname{am herculis} on the upper edge of the period gap". The Astrophysical Journal. 774 (2): 153. arXiv:1307.5135. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/153. ISSN 0004-637X.
  167. ^ Fekel, Francis C; Hinkle, Kenneth H; Joyce, Richard R; Skrutskie, Michael F (2000). "Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. II. Orbits for Five S-Type Systems with Two-Year Periods". The Astronomical Journal. 120 (6): 3255. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.3255F. doi:10.1086/316872.
  168. ^ von Braun, Kaspar; Boyajian, Tabetha S.; Brummelaar, Theo A. ten; Kane, Stephen R.; van Belle, Gerard T.; Ciardi, David R.; Raymond, Sean N.; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; McAlister, Harold A.; Schaefer, Gail; Ridgway, Stephen T.; Sturmann, Laszlo; Sturmann, Judit; White, Russel; Turner, Nils H. (2011-10-10). "55 Cancri: Stellar Astrophysical Parameters, a Planet in the Habitable Zone, and Implications for the Radius of a Transiting Super-Earth". The Astrophysical Journal. 740 (1): 49. arXiv:1106.1152. Bibcode:2011ApJ...740...49V. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/49. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 2856228.
  169. ^ Emily K Pass; Jennifer G Winters; Charbonneau, David; Balkanski, Aurelia; Lewis, Nikole; Lally, Maura; Jacob L Bean; Cloutier, Ryan; Jason D Eastman (2023). "HST/WFC3 Light Curve Supports a Terrestrial Composition for the Closest Exoplanet to Transit an M Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (4): 171. arXiv:2307.02970. Bibcode:2023AJ....166..171P. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acf561.
  170. ^ Lustig-Yaeger, J.; Fu, G.; May, E. M.; Ceballos, K. N. Ortiz; Moran, S. E.; Peacock, S.; Stevenson, K. B.; López-Morales, M.; MacDonald, R. J.; Mayorga, L. C.; Sing, D. K.; Sotzen, K. S.; Valenti, J. A.; Adams, J.; Alam, M. K. (2023-01-10). "A JWST transmission spectrum of the nearby Earth-sized exoplanet LHS 475 B". Nature Astronomy. 7 (11): 1317–1328. arXiv:2301.04191. Bibcode:2023NatAs...7.1317L. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-02064-z.
  171. ^ Houdebine, Éric R.; Mullan, D. J.; Doyle, J. G.; de La Vieuville, Geoffroy; Butler, C. J.; Paletou, F. (2019-07-10). "The Mass–Activity Relationships in M and K Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters of Our Sample of M and K Dwarfs*". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (2): 56. arXiv:1905.07921. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...56H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab23fe. ISSN 0004-6256.
  172. ^ Drummond, Jack D.; Christou, Julian C.; Fugate, Robert Q. (1995-09-01). "Full Adaptive Optics Images of ADS 9731 and MU Cassiopeiae: Orbits and Masses". The Astrophysical Journal. 450: 380. Bibcode:1995ApJ...450..380D. doi:10.1086/176148. ISSN 0004-637X.
  173. ^ Guinan, Edward F.; Engle, Scott G.; Durbin, Allyn (2016-04-13). "Living with a Red Dwarf: Rotation and X-ray and Ultraviolet Properties of the Halo Population Kapteyn's Star". The Astrophysical Journal. 821 (2): 81. arXiv:1602.01912. Bibcode:2016ApJ...821...81G. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/81. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 119283541.
  174. ^ Khata, Dhrimadri; Mondal, Soumen; Das, Ramkrishna; Ghosh, Supriyo; Ghosh, Samrat (2020-04-11). "Understanding Physical Properties of Young M-dwarfs: NIR spectroscopic studies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (3): 4533–4550. arXiv:2002.05762. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.4533K. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa427. ISSN 0035-8711.
  175. ^ González-Álvarez, E.; Kemmer, J.; Chaturvedi, P.; Caballero, J. A.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Cifuentes, C.; Herrero, E.; Kossakowski, D.; Reiners, A.; Ribas, I.; Rodríguez, E.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Sanz-Forcada, J. (July 2023). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A sub-Neptunian mass planet in the habitable zone of HN Lib". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 675: A141. arXiv:2305.19677. Bibcode:2023A&A...675A.141G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346276. ISSN 0004-6361.
  176. ^ Demangeon, Olivier D. S.; Osorio, M. R. Zapatero; Alibert, Y.; Barros, S. C. C.; Adibekyan, V.; Tabernero, H. M.; Antoniadis-Karnavas, A.; Camacho, J. D.; Mascareño, A. Suárez; Oshagh, M.; Micela, G.; Sousa, S. G.; Lovis, C.; Pepe, F. A.; Rebolo, R. (September 2021). "Warm terrestrial planet with half the mass of Venus transiting a nearby star". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 653: A41. arXiv:2108.03323. Bibcode:2021A&A...653A..41D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140728. ISSN 0004-6361.
  177. ^ "Catalogue of nearest stars until 10pc". cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  178. ^ Beard, Corey; Robertson, Paul; Kanodia, Shubham; Lubin, Jack; Cañas, Caleb I.; Gupta, Arvind F.; Holcomb, Rae; Jones, Sinclaire; Libby-Roberts, Jessica E.; Lin, Andrea S. J.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Stefánsson, Guðmundur; Bender, Chad F.; Blake, Cullen H.; Cochran, William D. (2022-09-01). "GJ 3929: High Precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion". The Astrophysical Journal. 936 (1): 55. arXiv:2207.10672. Bibcode:2022ApJ...936...55B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8480. ISSN 0004-637X.
  179. ^ Fuhrmann, Klaus (2008). "Nearby stars of the Galactic disc and halo – IV". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 384 (1): 173–224. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.384..173F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12671.x. S2CID 85444248.
  180. ^ Barclay, Thomas; Quintana, Elisa V.; Adams, Fred C.; Ciardi, David R.; Huber, Daniel; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; Montet, Benjamin T.; Caldwell, Douglas (2015-08-01). "The Five Planets in the Kepler-296 Binary System All Orbit the Primary: A Statistical and Analytical Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 7. arXiv:1505.01845. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809....7B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/7. ISSN 0004-637X.
  181. ^ Silverstein, Michele L.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Barclay, Thomas; Hord, Benjamin J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Vrijmoet, Eliot Halley; Henry, Todd J.; Cloutier, Ryan; Kostov, Veselin B.; Kruse, Ethan; Winters, Jennifer G.; Irwin, Jonathan M.; Kane, Stephen R.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Huang, Chelsea (2022-04-01). "The LHS 1678 System: Two Earth-Sized Transiting Planets and an Astrometric Companion Orbiting an M Dwarf Near the Convective Boundary at 20 pc". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (4): 151. arXiv:2110.12079. Bibcode:2022AJ....163..151S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac32e3. ISSN 0004-6256.
  182. ^ Trifonov, T.; Caballero, J. A.; Morales, J. C.; Seifahrt, A.; Ribas, I.; Reiners, A.; Bean, J. L.; Luque, R.; Parviainen, H.; Pallé, E.; Stock, S.; Zechmeister, M.; Amado, P. J.; Anglada-Escudé3, G.; Azzaro, M. (2021-03-05). "A nearby transiting rocky exoplanet that is suitable for atmospheric investigation". Science. 371 (6533): 1038–1041. arXiv:2103.04950. Bibcode:2021Sci...371.1038T. doi:10.1126/science.abd7645. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33674491.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  183. ^ Maldonado, J.; Micela, G.; Baratella, M.; D'Orazi, V.; Affer, L.; Biazzo, K.; Lanza, A. F.; Maggio, A.; Hernández, J. I. González; Perger, M.; Pinamonti, M.; Scandariato, G.; Sozzetti, A.; Locci, D.; Di Maio, C. (December 2020). "HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XII. The abundance signature of M dwarf stars with planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 644: A68. arXiv:2010.14867. Bibcode:2020A&A...644A..68M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039478. ISSN 0004-6361.
  184. ^ Honaker, Easton J.; Mace, Gregory N.; Han, Eunkyu; Hussaini, Maryam; Lubar, Emily (2020-11-01). "TESS Photometry of the Precataclysmic Variable Wolf 1130AB". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 4 (11): 197. Bibcode:2020RNAAS...4..197H. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/abc6a4. ISSN 2515-5172.
  185. ^ a b Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.; Gebran, M. (2016-05-11). "The Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M dwarfs. I. Stellar parameters, compilations of $v\sin i$ and $P/\sin i$ for a large sample of late-K and M dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 97. arXiv:1604.07920. Bibcode:2016ApJ...822...97H. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/97. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 119118088.
  186. ^ Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haghighipour, Nader; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Mazeh, Tsevi; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Buchhave, Lars A. (2012-09-21). "Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multi-Planet System". Science. 337 (6101): 1511–1514. arXiv:1208.5489. Bibcode:2012Sci...337.1511O. doi:10.1126/science.1228380. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 22933522.
  187. ^ Orosz, Jerome A.; Welsh, William F.; Haghighipour, Nader; Quarles, Billy; Short, Donald R.; Mills, Sean M.; Satyal, Suman; Torres, Guillermo; Agol, Eric; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel; Windmiller, Gur; Müller, Tobias W. A.; Hinse, Tobias C.; Cochran, William D. (2019-05-01). "Discovery of a Third Transiting Planet in the Kepler-47 Circumbinary System". The Astronomical Journal. 157 (5): 174. arXiv:1904.07255. Bibcode:2019AJ....157..174O. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0. ISSN 0004-6256.
  188. ^ Nidever, David L.; et al. (August 2002). "Radial Velocities for 889 Late-Type Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 141 (2): 503–522. arXiv:astro-ph/0112477. Bibcode:2002ApJS..141..503N. doi:10.1086/340570. S2CID 51814894.
  189. ^ "Pipsqueak Star Unleashes Monster Flare - NASA". Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  190. ^ Phan-Bao, N.; Martin, E. L.; Donati, J.-F.; Lim, J. (2006-07-20). "Magnetic fields in M dwarfs: rapid magnetic field variability in EV Lac". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): L73–L76. arXiv:astro-ph/0603480. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646L..73P. doi:10.1086/506591. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 18410819.
  191. ^ Guzik, J. A.; Houdek, G.; Chaplin, W. J.; Smalley, B.; Kurtz, D. W.; Gilliland, R. L.; Mullally, F.; Rowe, J. F.; Bryson, S. T.; Still, M. D.; Antoci, V.; Appourchaux, T.; Basu, S.; Bedding, T. R.; Benomar, O. (2016-10-21). "Detection of Solar-Like Oscillations, Observational Constraints, and Stellar Models for $\theta$ Cyg, the Brightest Star Observed by the {\it Kepler} Mission". The Astrophysical Journal. 831 (1): 17. arXiv:1607.01035. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/17. ISSN 1538-4357.
  192. ^ Stock, S.; Nagel, E.; Kemmer, J.; Passegger, V. M.; Reffert, S.; Quirrenbach, A.; Caballero, J. A.; Czesla, S.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Cardona, C.; Díez-Alonso, E.; Herrero, E.; Lalitha, S.; Schlecker, M.; Tal-Or, L. (November 2020). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Three temperate to warm super-Earths". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 643: A112. arXiv:2010.00474. Bibcode:2020A&A...643A.112S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038820. ISSN 0004-6361.
  193. ^ Khata, Dhrimadri; Mondal, Soumen; Das, Ramkrishna; Ghosh, Supriyo; Ghosh, Samrat (2020-04-11). "Understanding Physical Properties of Young M-dwarfs: NIR spectroscopic studies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (3): 4533–4550. arXiv:2002.05762. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.4533K. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa427. ISSN 0035-8711.
  194. ^ a b "ISDB search results". www.stellar-database.com. Retrieved 2023-02-02.
  195. ^ Johnson, H. M.; Wright, C. D. (1983-11-01). "Predicted infrared brightness of stars within 25 parsecs of the sun". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 53: 643–711. Bibcode:1983ApJS...53..643J. doi:10.1086/190905. ISSN 0067-0049.
  196. ^ Cloutier, Ryan; Eastman, Jason D.; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Bonfils, Xavier; Mortier, Annelies; Watson, Christopher A.; Stalport, Manu; Pinamonti, Matteo; Lienhard, Florian; Harutyunyan, Avet; Damasso, Mario; Latham, David W.; Collins, Karen A.; Massey, Robert (2020-07-01). "A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley around the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (1): 3. arXiv:2003.01136. Bibcode:2020AJ....160....3C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab91c2. ISSN 0004-6256.
  197. ^ Van Eylen, Vincent; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Bonfils, X.; Livingston, J.; Hirano, T.; Luque, R.; Lam, K. W. F.; Justesen, A. B.; Winn, J. N.; Gandolfi, D.; Nowak, G.; Palle, E.; Albrecht, S.; Dai, F.; Estrada, B. Campos (2021-08-24). "Masses and compositions of three small planets orbiting the nearby M dwarf L231-32 (TOI-270) and the M dwarf radius valley". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: stab2143. arXiv:2101.01593. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2143. ISSN 0035-8711.
  198. ^ a b Kemp, Alex; Tkachenko, Andrew; Torres, Guillermo; Pavlovski, Kresimir; IJspeert, Luc; Serebriakova, Nadya; Conroy, Kyle; Timothy van Reeth; Latham, David; Prsa, Andrej; Aerts, Conny (2024). "KIC 4150611: A quadruply eclipsing heptuple star system with a g -mode period-spacing pattern". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 689: A164. arXiv:2406.04131. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450390.
  199. ^ "Exoplanet-catalog". Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  200. ^ Zhang, Zhoujian; Liu, Michael C.; Claytor, Zachary R.; Best, William M. J.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Siverd, Robert J. (2021-08-01). "The Second Discovery from the COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS) Program: A Cold Wide-Orbit Exoplanet around a Young Field M Dwarf at 10.9 pc". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 916 (2): L11. arXiv:2107.02805. Bibcode:2021ApJ...916L..11Z. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac1123. ISSN 2041-8205.
  201. ^ Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Malik, Matej; Hill, Michelle L.; Kane, Stephen R.; Foley, Bradford; Polanski, Alex S.; Coria, David; Brande, Jonathan; Zhang, Yanzhe; Wienke, Katherine; Kreidberg, Laura; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Dragomir, Diana; Gorjian, Varoujan; Mikal-Evans, Thomas (September 2022). "GJ 1252b: A Hot Terrestrial Super-Earth with No Atmosphere". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 937 (1): L17. arXiv:2208.09479. Bibcode:2022ApJ...937L..17C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac886b. ISSN 2041-8205.
  202. ^ Shporer, Avi; Collins, Karen A.; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Irwin, Jonathan; Bonfils, Xavier; Collins, Kevin I.; Matthews, Elisabeth; Winters, Jennifer G.; Anderson, David R.; Armstrong, James D.; Charbonneau, David; Cloutier, Ryan; Daylan, Tansu; Gan, Tianjun; Günther, Maximilian N. (2020-02-10). "GJ 1252 b: A 1.2 R⊕ Planet Transiting an M3 Dwarf at 20.4 pc". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 890 (1): L7. arXiv:1912.05556. Bibcode:2020ApJ...890L...7S. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab7020. ISSN 2041-8205.
  203. ^ Tsuji, Takashi; Nakajima, Tadashi (2014-10-01). "Near Infrared Spectroscopy of M Dwarfs. I. CO Molecule as an Abundance Indicator of Carbon". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 66 (5): 98. arXiv:1407.5829. doi:10.1093/pasj/psu078. ISSN 2053-051X.
  204. ^ Stassun, Keivan G.; Collins, Karen A.; Gaudi, B. Scott (2017-03-03). "Accurate, Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (3): 136. arXiv:1609.04389. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..136S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5df3. ISSN 1538-3881.
  205. ^ Doyle, L.; Ramsay, G.; Doyle, J. G.; Wu, K.; Scullion, E. (2018-10-21). "Investigating the Rotational Phase of Stellar Flares on M dwarfs Using K2 Short Cadence Data". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 480 (2): 2153–2164. arXiv:1807.08592. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1963. ISSN 0035-8711.
  206. ^ Demory, Brice-Olivier; Ségransan, Damien; Forveille, Thierry; Queloz, Didier; Beuzit, Jean-Luc; Delfosse, Xavier; Di Folco, Emmanuel; Kervella, Pierre; Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste; Perrier, Christian; Benisty, Myriam; Duvert, Gilles; Hofmann, Karl-Heinz; Lopez, Bruno; Petrov, Romain (October 2009). "Mass-radius relation of low and very low-mass stars revisited with the VLTI". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 505 (1): 205–215. arXiv:0906.0602. Bibcode:2009A&A...505..205D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911976. S2CID 14786643.
  207. ^ Newton, Elisabeth R.; Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Berlind, Perry; Calkins, Michael L.; Mink, Jessica (2017-01-04). "The H$\alpha$ emission of nearby M dwarfs and its relation to stellar rotation". The Astrophysical Journal. 834 (1): 85. arXiv:1611.03509. Bibcode:2017ApJ...834...85N. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/85. ISSN 1538-4357.
  208. ^ Haghighipour, Nader; Vogt, Steven S.; Butler, R. Paul; Rivera, Eugenio J.; Laughlin, Greg; Meschiari, Stefano; Henry, Gregory W. (2010-05-20). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Saturn-Mass Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M4V Star HIP 57050". The Astrophysical Journal. 715 (1): 271–276. arXiv:1004.4608. Bibcode:2010ApJ...715..271H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/271. ISSN 0004-637X.
  209. ^ Cañas, Caleb I.; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Cochran, William D.; Bender, Chad F.; Feigelson, Eric D.; Harman, C. E.; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar; Caceres, Gabriel A.; Diddams, Scott A.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Halverson, Samuel; Hearty, Fred; Jones, Sinclaire; Kanodia, Shubham (2022-01-01). "A Hot Mars-sized Exoplanet Transiting an M Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (1): 3. arXiv:2112.03958. Bibcode:2022AJ....163....3C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac3088. ISSN 0004-6256.
  210. ^ Berdiñas, Z. M.; Rodríguez-López, C.; Amado, P. J.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Barnes, J. R.; MacDonald, J.; Zechmeister, M.; Sarmiento, L. F. (2017). "High-cadence spectroscopy of M-dwarfs – II. Searching for stellar pulsations with HARPS". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 469 (4): 4268–4282. arXiv:1705.04690. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1140.
  211. ^ Affer, L.; Damasso, M.; Micela, G.; Poretti, E.; Scandariato, G.; Maldonado, J.; Lanza, A. F.; Covino, E.; Rubio, A. Garrido; Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez; Gratton, R.; Leto, G.; Maggio, A.; Perger, M.; Sozzetti, A. (February 2019). "HADES RV program with HARPS-N at TNG. IX. A super-Earth around the M dwarf Gl686". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 622: A193. arXiv:1901.05338. Bibcode:2019A&A...622A.193A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834868. ISSN 0004-6361.
  212. ^ Gilbert, Emily A.; Barclay, Thomas; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Quintana, Elisa V.; Hord, Benjamin J.; Kostov, Veselin B.; Lopez, Eric D.; Rowe, Jason F.; Hoffman, Kelsey; Walkowicz, Lucianne M.; Silverstein, Michele L.; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Suissa, Gabrielle; Airapetian, Vladimir S. (2020-08-14). "The First Habitable Zone Earth-sized Planet from TESS. I: Validation of the TOI-700 System". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (3): 116. arXiv:2001.00952. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..116G. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba4b2. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 209862554.
  213. ^ Kossakowski, D.; Kürster, M.; Henning, Th; Trifonov, T.; Caballero, J. A.; Lafarga, M.; Bauer, F. F.; Stock, S.; Kemmer, J.; Jeffers, S. V.; Amado, P. J.; Pérez-Torres, M.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Ribas, I. (2022-10-01). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD Leonis: A test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 666: A143. arXiv:2209.05814. Bibcode:2022A&A...666A.143K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243773. ISSN 0004-6361.
  214. ^ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Catalog Listing". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 1995. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  215. ^ Lund, K.; Jardine, M.; Russell, A. J. B.; Donati, J. -F.; Fares, R.; Folsom, C. P.; Jeffers, S. V.; Marsden, S. C.; Morin, J.; Petit, P.; See, V. (2021-04-01). "Field linkage and magnetic helicity density". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 502 (4): 4903–4910. arXiv:2102.11238. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.502.4903L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab305. ISSN 0035-8711.
  216. ^ Mann, Andrew W.; Feiden, Gregory A.; Gaidos, Eric; Boyajian, Tabetha; von Braun, Kaspar (2015-05-01). "How to Constrain Your M Dwarf: measuring effective temperature, bolometric luminosity, mass, and radius". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1): 64. arXiv:1501.01635. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...64M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/64. hdl:2152/34940. ISSN 0004-637X.
  217. ^ Luque, R.; Fulton, B. J.; Kunimoto, M.; Amado, P. J.; Gorrini, P.; Dreizler, S.; Hellier, C.; Henry, G. W.; Molaverdikhani, K.; Morello, G.; Peña-Moñino, L.; Pérez-Torres, M.; Pozuelos, F. J.; Shan, Y.; Anglada-Escudé, G. (August 2022). "The HD 260655 system: Two rocky worlds transiting a bright M dwarf at 10 pc". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 664: A199. arXiv:2204.10261. Bibcode:2022A&A...664A.199L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243834. ISSN 0004-6361.
  218. ^ Sander, A.; Hamann, W. -R.; Todt, H. (2012-04-01). "The Galactic WC stars. Stellar parameters from spectral analyses indicate a new evolutionary sequence". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 540: A144. arXiv:1201.6354. Bibcode:2012A&A...540A.144S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117830. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119182468.
  219. ^ Pearce, Logan A.; Kraus, Adam L.; Dupuy, Trent J.; Mann, Andrew W.; Huber, Daniel (2021-03-01). "Boyajian's Star B: The co-moving stellar companion to KIC 8462852". The Astrophysical Journal. 909 (2): 216. arXiv:2101.06313. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abdd33. ISSN 0004-637X.
  220. ^ Lam, Kristine W. F.; Csizmadia, Szilárd; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Bonfils, Xavier; Gandolfi, Davide; Padovan, Sebastiano; Esposito, Massimiliano; Hellier, Coel; Hirano, Teruyuki; Livingston, John; Murgas, Felipe; Smith, Alexis M. S.; Collins, Karen A.; Mathur, Savita; Garcia, Rafael A. (2021-12-03). "GJ 367b: A dense ultra-short period sub-Earth planet transiting a nearby red dwarf star". Science. 374 (6572): 1271–1275. arXiv:2112.01309. Bibcode:2021Sci...374.1271L. doi:10.1126/science.aay3253. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 34855492.
  221. ^ Cloutier, R.; Astudillo-Defru, N.; Doyon, R.; Bonfils, X.; Almenara, J. M.; Bouchy, F.; Delfosse, X.; Forveille, T.; Lovis, C.; Mayor, M.; Menou, K.; Murgas, F.; Pepe, F.; Santos, N. C.; Udry, S. (January 2019). "Confirmation of the radial velocity super-Earth K2-18c with HARPS and CARMENES". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 621: A49. arXiv:1810.04731. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..49C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833995. ISSN 0004-6361.
  222. ^ Maldonado, J.; Scandariato, G.; Stelzer, B.; Biazzo, K.; Lanza, A. F.; Maggio, A.; Micela, G.; González-Álvarez, E.; Affer, L.; Claudi, R. U.; Cosentino, R.; Damasso, M.; Desidera, S.; Hernández, J. I. González; Gratton, R. (February 2017). "The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N@TNG. III. Flux-flux and activity-rotation relationships of early-M dwarfs". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 598: A27. arXiv:1610.05906. Bibcode:2017A&A...598A..27M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629223. ISSN 0004-6361.
  223. ^ Tramper, F.; Straal, S. M.; Sanyal, D.; Sana, H.; de Koter, A.; Gräfener, G.; Langer, N.; Vink, J. S.; de Mink, S. E.; Kaper, L. (September 2015). "Massive stars on the verge of exploding: the properties of oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A110. arXiv:1507.00839. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A.110T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425390. ISSN 0004-6361.
  224. ^ Garmany, Katy. "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=List_of_smallest_known_stars&oldid=1264321825"