List of mammals of Nepal
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Wildlife of Nepal |
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This list of mammals of Nepal presents mammal species recorded in Nepal, of which one is critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gaur_bandipur.jpg/220px-Gaur_bandipur.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Haeckel_Antilopina_Tetracerus_quadricornis.jpg/220px-Haeckel_Antilopina_Tetracerus_quadricornis.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Rook_goat.jpg/220px-Rook_goat.jpg)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Genus: Antilope
- Genus: Bos
- Genus Boselaphus
- Genus: Bubalus
- Wild water buffalo, B. arnee EN[5]
- Genus: Capricornis
- Mainland serow, C. sumatraensis VU[6]
- Himalayan serow, C. s. thar
- Mainland serow, C. sumatraensis VU[6]
- Genus: Hemitragus
- Himalayan tahr, H. jemlahicus NT[7]
- Genus: Naemorhedus
- Himalayan goral N. goral NT[8]
- Genus: Ovis
- Genus: Pseudois
- Genus: Tetracerus
- Four-horned antelope, T. quadricornis VU[11]
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Genus: Axis
- Chital, A. axis LC[12]
- Indian hog deer, A. porcinus EN[13]
- Genus: Muntiacus
- Indian muntjac, M. muntjak LC[14]
- Genus: Rucervus
- Barasingha, R. duvaucelii VU[15]
- Genus: Rusa
- Sambar deer, R. unicolor VU[16]
- Genus: Axis
- Family: Moschidae
- Genus: Moschus
- Alpine musk deer, M. chrysogaster EN[17]
- Black musk deer, M. fuscus EN[18]
- White-bellied musk deer, M. leucogaster EN[19]
- Genus: Moschus
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Family: Tragulidae
- Genus: Moschiola
- Indian spotted chevrotain, M. indica LC[21]
- Genus: Moschiola
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/FelisAurataWolf.jpg/220px-FelisAurataWolf.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Bengalkatze.jpg/220px-Bengalkatze.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tiger_of_Dhikala.jpg/220px-Tiger_of_Dhikala.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Canis_lupus_chanco_Annapurna_Conservation_Area.jpg/220px-Canis_lupus_chanco_Annapurna_Conservation_Area.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Alone_Ranger_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Alone_Ranger_%28cropped%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Asian_Black_Bear_Ursus_thibetanus_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_04.jpg/220px-Asian_Black_Bear_Ursus_thibetanus_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_04.jpg)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans; the majority primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Catopuma
- Asian golden cat, C. temminckii NT[22]
- Genus: Felis
- Jungle cat, F. chaus LC[23]
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[24]
- Genus: Otocolobus
- Pallas's cat, O. manul LC[25]
- Genus: Prionailurus
- Leopard cat, P. bengalensis LC[26]
- Rusty-spotted cat, P. rubiginosus NT[27]
- Fishing cat, P. viverrinus VU[28]
- Genus: Catopuma
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Genus: Neofelis
- Clouded leopard, N. nebulosa VU[29]
- Genus: Panthera
- Leopard, P. pardus VU[30]
- Indian leopard, P. p. fusca
- Tiger, P. tigris EN[31]
- Bengal tiger, P. t. tigris
- Snow leopard, P. uncia VU[32]
- Leopard, P. pardus VU[30]
- Genus: Neofelis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae
- Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
- Genus: Arctictis
- Genus: Paradoxurus
- Asian palm civet, P. hermaphroditus LC[34]
- Genus: Paguma
- Masked palm civet, P. larvata LC[35]
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Viverra
- Large Indian civet, V. zibetha LC[36]
- Genus: Viverricula
- Small Indian civet, V. indica LC[37]
- Genus: Viverra
- Subfamily: Prionodontinae
- Genus: Prionodon
- Spotted linsang, P. pardicolor LC[38]
- Genus: Prionodon
- Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
- Genus: Urva
- Small Indian mongoose, U. auropunctatus LC[39]
- Indian grey mongoose, U. edwardsii LC[40]
- Ruddy mongoose, U. smithii LC[41]
- Crab-eating mongoose, U. urva LC[42]
- Genus: Urva
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped hyena, H. hyaena LC[43]
- Genus: Hyaena
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Ailuridae (lesser panda)
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[45]
- Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[46]
- Himalayan wolf, C. l. chanco
- Genus: Cuon
- Genus: Vulpes
- Bengal fox, V. bengalensis LC[48]
- Tibetan fox, V. ferrilata LC[49]
- Red fox, V. vulpes LC[50]
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Melursus
- Sloth bear, M. ursinus VU[51]
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[52]
- Himalayan brown bear, U. a. isabellinus
- Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus VU[53]
- Himalayan black bear, U. t. laniger
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[52]
- Genus: Melursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Aonyx
- Asian small-clawed otter, A. cinereus VU[54]
- Genus: Lutrogale
- Smooth-coated otter, L. perspicillata VU[55]
- Genus: Martes
- Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula LC[56]
- Genus: Mellivora
- Honey badger, M. capensis LC[57]
- Genus: Mustela
- Mountain weasel, M. altaica NT[58]
- Yellow-bellied weasel, M. kathiah LC[59]
- Siberian weasel, M. sibirica LC[60]
- Genus: Aonyx
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Platanistidae
- Genus: Platanista
- Ganges river dolphin, P. gangetica EN[61]
- Genus: Platanista
- Family: Platanistidae
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
[edit]The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Genus: Cynopterus
- Lesser short-nosed fruit bat, C. brachyotis LC[62]
- Greater short-nosed fruit bat, C. sphinx LC
- Genus: Macroglossus
- Long-tongued fruit bat, M. sobrinus LC
- Genus: Pteropus
- Indian flying fox, P. giganteus LC[63]
- Genus: Rousettus
- Leschenault's rousette, R. leschenaulti LC
- Genus: Sphaerias
- Blanford's fruit bat, S. blanfordi LC[64]
- Genus: Cynopterus
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
- Family: Hipposideridae (leaf nosed bats)
- Genus: Coelops
- East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat, Coelops frithii NT
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Ashy roundleaf bat, H. cineraceus LC[65]
- Fulvus roundleaf bat, Hipposideros fulvus LC
- Indian roundleaf bat, Hipposideros lankadiva LC
- Intermediate roundleaf bat, Hipposideros larvatus LC
- Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona EN
- Genus: Coelops
- Family: Megadermatidae
- Genus: Megaderma (false vampire bats)
- Greater false vampire bat, Megaderma lyra LC
- Genus: Megaderma (false vampire bats)
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Kerivoulinae
- Genus: Kerivoula
- Painted bat, Kerivoula picta LC
- Genus: Kerivoula
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Csorba's mouse-eared bat, Myotis csorbai DD
- Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC[66]
- Hodgson's bat, M. formosus LC[67]
- Kashmir cave bat, Myotis longipes VU
- Whiskered myotis, Myotis muricola LC
- Mandelli's mouse-eared bat, Myotis sicarius VU
- Himalayan whiskered bat, Myotis siligorensis LC
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Arielulus
- Black-gilded pipistrelle, A- circumdatus LC[68]
- Genus: Barbastella
- Eastern barbastelle, Barbastella leucomelas LC
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Sombre bat, Eptesicus tatei DD[69]
- Genus: Falsistrellus
- Chocolate pipistrelle, Falsistrellus affinis LC
- Genus: Hesperoptenus
- Tickell's bat, Hesperoptenus tickelli LC
- Genus: Ia
- Great evening bat, I. io NT[70]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Mountain noctule, Nyctalus montanus LC
- Genus: Philetor
- Rohu's bat, Philetor brachypterus LC
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Indian pipistrelle, Pipistrellus coromandra LC
- Java pipistrelle, Pipistrellus javanicus LC
- Chocolate pipistrelle, Falsistrellus affinis LC
- Genus: Scotomanes
- Harlequin bat, Scotomanes ornatus LC
- Lesser Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus kuhlii LC
- Greater Asiatic yellow bat, Scotophilus heathii LC
- Genus: Arielulus
- Subfamily: Murininae
- Genus: Murina
- Hutton's tube-nosed bat, Murina huttoni LC
- Greater tube-nosed bat, Murina leucogaster LC
- Genus: Murina
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Small bent-winged bat, Miniopterus pusillus LC
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU[71]
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Kerivoulinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Chaerephon
- Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat, Chaerephon plicata LC
- Genus: Chaerephon
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis LC
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[72]
- Blyth's horseshoe bat, R. lepidus LC[73]"
- Woolly horseshoe bat, R. luctus LC
- Big-eared horseshoe bat, R. macrotis LC[74]
- Pearson's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pearsoni LC
- Least horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus pusillus LC
- Rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi LC
- Chinese rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus LC
- Little Nepalese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus subbadius DD
- Trefoil horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus trifoliatus LC
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Great roundleaf bat, Hipposideros armiger LC
- Pomona roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pomona LC
- Genus: Hipposideros
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
[edit]The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Ochotona
- Black-lipped pika, O. curzoniae LC
- Himalayan pika, O. himalayana LC
- Large-eared pika, O. macrotis LC
- Nubra pika, O. nubrica LC
- Royle's pika, O. roylei LC
- Genus: Ochotona
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Caprolagus
- Hispid hare, C. hispidus EN[75]
- Genus: Lepus
- Indian hare, L. nigricollis LC[76]
- Woolly hare, L. oiostolus LC[77]
- Genus: Caprolagus
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Indian_Rhinoceros.jpg/220px-Indian_Rhinoceros.jpg)
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
- Family: Equidae
- Family: Rhinocerotidae
- Genus: Rhinoceros
- Indian rhinoceros, R. unicornis VU[79]
- Genus: Rhinoceros
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.
- Suborder: Haplorhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Genus: Macaca
- Assam macaque, M. assamensis NT[80]
- Rhesus macaque, M. mulatta LC[81]
- Subfamily: Colobinae
- Genus: Semnopithecus
- Tarai gray langur, S. hector NT[82]
- Nepal gray langur, S. schistaceus LC[83]
- Genus: Semnopithecus
- Genus: Macaca
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
- Parvorder: Catarrhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
Order: Proboscidea (elephants)
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Elephant_mother_and_calf_-_chitwan.jpg/220px-Elephant_mother_and_calf_-_chitwan.jpg)
The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.
- Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
- Genus: Elephas
- Asian elephant, E. maximus EN[84]
- Genus: Elephas
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Genus: Hystrix
- Malayan porcupine, H. brachyura LC[85]
- Indian crested porcupine, H. indica LC[86]
- Genus: Hystrix
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Ratufinae
- Genus: Ratufa
- Black giant squirrel, Ratufa bicolor NT
- Genus: Ratufa
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Genus: Belomys
- Hairy-footed flying squirrel, Belomys pearsonii DD
- Genus: Hylopetes
- Particolored flying squirrel, Hylopetes alboniger EN
- Genus: Petaurista
- Spotted giant flying squirrel, Petaurista elegans LC
- Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, Petaurista magnificus LC
- Bhutan giant flying squirrel, Petaurista nobilis NT
- Red giant flying squirrel, Petaurista petaurista LC
- Genus: Belomys
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Subfamily: Callosciurinae
- Genus: Callosciurus
- Irrawaddy squirrel, C. pygerythrus LC[87]
- Genus: Dremomys
- Orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel, Dremomys lokriah LC
- Genus: Funambulus
- Northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii LC
- Genus: Tamiops
- Himalayan striped squirrel, Tamiops macclellandi LC
- Genus: Callosciurus
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Genus: Marmota
- Himalayan marmot, M. himalayana LC[88]
- Genus: Marmota
- Subfamily: Ratufinae
- Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Rhizomyinae
- Genus: Cannomys
- Lesser bamboo rat, Cannomys badius LC
- Genus: Cannomys
- Subfamily: Rhizomyinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Tibetan dwarf hamster, Cricetulus alticola LC
- Genus: Cricetulus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Alticola
- Stoliczka's mountain vole, Alticola stoliczkanus LC
- Strachey's mountain vole, Alticola stracheyi LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Sikkim vole, Microtus sikimensis LC
- Genus: Alticola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Tatera
- Indian gerbil, Tatera indica LC
- Genus: Tatera
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Himalayan field mouse, Apodemus gurkha LC
- Kashmir field mouse, Apodemus rusiges LC
- Ward's field mouse, Apodemus wardi LC
- Genus: Bandicota
- Greater bandicoot rat, Bandicota indica LC
- Genus: Dacnomys
- Millard's rat, Dacnomys millardi LC
- Genus: Diomys
- Crump's mouse, Diomys crumpi DD
- Genus: Millardia
- Soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada LC
- Genus: Mus
- Little Indian field mouse, Mus booduga LC
- Fawn-colored mouse, Mus cervicolor LC
- Cook's mouse, Mus cookii LC
- Rock-loving mouse, Mus saxicola LC
- Earth-colored mouse, Mus terricolor LC
- Genus: Niviventer
- Smoke-bellied rat, Niviventer eha LC
- Chestnut white-bellied rat, Niviventer fulvescens LC
- White-bellied rat, Niviventer niviventer LC
- Genus: Rattus
- Himalayan field rat, Rattus nitidus LC
- Sikkim rat, Rattus sikkimensis VU
- Tanezumi rat, Rattus tanezumi LC
- Turkestan rat, R. pyctorius LC[89]
- Genus: Vandeleuria
- Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse, Vandeleuria oleracea LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Suncus_murinus.jpg/220px-Suncus_murinus.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sorex_minutus.jpg/220px-Sorex_minutus.jpg)
The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Grey shrew, C. attenuata LC
- Horsefield's shrew, C. horsfieldii LC
- Genus: Suncus
- Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
- Asian house shrew, S. murinus LC[90]
- Anderson's shrew, Suncus stoliczkanus LC
- Genus: Soriculus
- Long-tailed brown-toothed shrew, Soriculus leucops LC
- Long-tailed mountain shrew, Soriculus macrurus LC
- Himalayan shrew, Soriculus nigrescens LC
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Euroscaptor
- Himalayan mole, Euroscaptor micrura LC
- Genus: Euroscaptor
- Tribe: Talpini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
- Family: Manidae
- Genus: Manis
- Indian pangolin, M. crassicaudata EN[91]
- Chinese pangolin, M. pentadactyla CR[92]
- Genus: Manis
Locally extinct
[edit]The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- Tibetan antelope, Pantholops hodgsonii[93]
- Pygmy hog, Porcula salvanius[94]
See also
[edit]- List of chordate orders
- Lists of mammals by region
- List of prehistoric mammals
- Mammal classification
- List of mammals described in the 2000s
References
[edit]- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Antilope cervicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T1681A50181949.
- ^ Duckworth, J. W.; Sankar, K.; Williams, A. C.; Samba Kumar, N. & Timmins, R. J. (2016). "Bos gaurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2891A46363646.
- ^ Buzzard, P. & Berger, J. (2016). "Bos mutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2892A101293528.
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Boselaphus tragocamelus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2893A115064758.
- ^ Kaul, R.; Williams, A.C.; Steinmetz, R. & Mishra, R. (2019). "Bubalus arnee". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T3129A46364616.
- ^ Phan, T.D.; Nijhawan, S.; Li, S. & Xiao, L. (2020). "Capricornis sumatraensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162916735A162916910.
- ^ Ale, S.B.; Sathyakumar, S.; Forsyth, D.M.; Lingyun, X. & Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Hemitragus jemlahicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9919A22152905.
- ^ Duckworth, J.W. & MacKinnon, J. (2008). "Naemorhedus goral". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T14296A4430073.
- ^ Reading, R.; Michel, S. & Amgalanbaatar, S. (2020). "Ovis ammon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15733A22146397.
- ^ Harris, R.B. (2014). "Pseudois nayaur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T61513537A64313015.
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Tetracerus quadricornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T21661A50195368.
- ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Kumar, N.S.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Axis axis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41783A22158006.
- ^ Timmins, R.; Duckworth , J.W.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H.; Long, B.; Maxwell, A. (2015). "Axis porcinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41784A22157664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41784A22157664.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W. & Hedges, S. (2016). "Muntiacus muntjak". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42190A56005589.
- ^ Duckworth, J. W.; Kumar, N.S.; Pokharel, C.P.; Baral, H. S. & Timmins, R. J. (2015). "Rucervus duvaucelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T4257A22167675.
- ^ Timmins, R.J.; Kawanishi, K.; Giman, B.; Lynam, A.J.; Chan, B.; Steinmetz, R.; Baral, H. S.; Samba Kumar, N. (2015). "Rusa unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41790A85628124.
- ^ Harris, R. (2016). "Moschus chrysogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13895A61977139.
- ^ Wang, Y. & Harris, R.B. (2015). "Moschus fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13896A61977357.
- ^ Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W. (2015). "Moschus leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13901A61977764.
- ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
- ^ Duckworth, J.W. & Timmins, R.J. (2015). "Moschiola indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136585A61979067.
- ^ McCarthy, J.; Dahal, S.; Dhendup, T.; Gray, T.N.E.; Mukherjee, S.; Rahman, H.; Riordan, P.; Boontua, N. & Wilcox, D. (2015). "Catopuma temminckii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T4038A97165437.
- ^ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
- ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
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- ^ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A. & Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18146A50661611.
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- ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Mathai, J.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B. & Ross, J. (2016). "Paguma larvata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41692A45217601.
- ^ Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Chutipong, W.; Ghimirey, Y.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Rahman, H.; Long, B. & Choudhury, A. (2016). "Viverra zibetha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41709A45220429. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
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- ^ Jennings, A. & Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70204120A70204139.
- ^ Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41611A45206787.
- ^ Mudappa, D. & Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41617A45208195.
- ^ Choudhury, A.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D. & Willcox, D. H. A. (2015). "Herpestes urva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41618A86159618.
- ^ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
- ^ Glatston, A.; Wei, F.; Than Zaw & Sherpa, A. (2015). "Ailurus fulgens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T714A110023718.
- ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
- ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
- ^ Kamler, J. F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L. & Kunkel, K. (2015). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T5953A72477893.
- ^ Jhala, Y.V. (2016). "Vulpes bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23049A81069636.
- ^ Harris, R. (2014). "Vulpes ferrilata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T23061A46179412.
- ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- ^ Dharaiya, N.; Bargali, H. S.; Sharp, T. (2020). "Melursus ursinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13143A166519315.
- ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
- ^ Garshelis, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22824A114252336.
- ^ Wright, L.; de Silva, P.; Chan, B.; Reza Lubis, I. (2015). "Aonyx cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T44166A21939068. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
- ^ de Silva, P.; Khan, W.A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Feeroz, M. M.; Al-Sheikhly, O.F. (2015). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12427A21934884.
- ^ Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Choudhury, A.; Abramov, A.V.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Rahman, H.; Hearn, A.; Dinets, V. & Willcox, D.H.A. (2016). "Martes flavigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41649A45212973.
- ^ Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
- ^ Abramov, A. (2016). "Mustela altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41653A45213647.
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- ^ Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Csorba, G. & Francis, C. (2008). "Sphaerias blanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T20521A9210732.
- ^ Douangboubpha, B.; Srinivasulu, B. & Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros cineraceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10119A22093106.
- ^ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
- ^ Huang, J.C.-C.; Csorba, G.; Chang, H.-C & Ho, Y.-Y. (2020). "Myotis formosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85736120A95642290.
- ^ Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Csorba, G.; Walston, J.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. & Kruskop, S.V. (2019). "Arielulus circumdatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41534A22005596.
- ^ Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Bates, P. (2016). "Eptesicus tatei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T7942A22119447.
- ^ Jiang, T.L. & Feng, J. (2020). "Ia io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10755A21993508.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
- ^ Srinivasulu, B.; Csorba, G. & Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Rhinolophus lepidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19547A21977419.
- ^ Tu, V.; Csorba, G. & Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Rhinolophus macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19550A21978583.
- ^ Aryal, A. & Yadav, B. (2019). "Caprolagus hispidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T3833A45176688.
- ^ Nameer, P.O. & Smith, A.T. (2019). "Lepus nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41282A45188041.
- ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus oiostolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41283A45188432.
- ^ Shah, N.; St. Louis, A. & Qureshi, Q. (2015). "Equus kiang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T7953A45171635.
- ^ Talukdar, B. K.; Emslie, R.; Bist, S. S.; Choudhury, A.; Ellis, S.; Bonal, B. S.; Malakar, M. C.; Talukdar, B. N.; Barua, M. (2008). "Rhinoceros unicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T19496A8928657.
- ^ Boonratana, R.; Chalise, M.; Das, J.; Htun, S. & Timmins, R. J. (2008). "Macaca assamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T12549A3354977.
- ^ Timmins, R. J.; Richardson, M.; Chhangani, A.; Yongcheng, L. (2008). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T12554A3356486.
- ^ Molur, S. & Chhangani, A. (2008). "Semnopithecus hector". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39837A10274974.
- ^ Kumar, A.; Yongzu, Z. & Molur, S. (2008). "Semnopithecus schistaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39840A10275563.
- ^ Williams, C.; Tiwari, S.K.; Goswami, V.R.; de Silva, S.; Easa, P.S.; Kumar, A.; Baskaran, N.; Yoganand, K. & Menon, V. (2020). "Elephas maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T7140A45818198.
- ^ Lunde, D.; Aplin, K. & Molur, S. (2016). "Hystrix brachyura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10749A11509929.
- ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
- ^ Duckworth, J. W. (2016). "Callosciurus pygerythrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3604A22253451.
- ^ Shrestha, T. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Marmota himalayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12826A115106426.
- ^ Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Rattus pyctoris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19370A115150159. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19370A22445185.en. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Molur, S. & Heaney, L. (2016). "Suncus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41440A22287830.
- ^ Mahmood, T.; Challender, D.; Khatiwada, A.; Andleeb, S.; Perera, P.; Trageser, S.; Ghose, A. & Mohapatra, R. (2019). "Manis crassicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12761A123583998.
- ^ Challender, D.; Wu, S.; Kaspal, P.; Khatiwada, A.; Ghose, A.; Ching-Min Su, N. & Laxmi Suwal, T. (2019). "Manis pentadactyla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12764A123585318.
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Pantholops hodgsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15967A50192544. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15967A50192544.en.
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External links
[edit]- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.