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List of mammals of Egypt

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list provides information about the status of mammals alive today in Egypt. Three are critically endangered, three are endangered, eight are vulnerable, and one is near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red Lists:

CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.

Order: Tubulidentata (aardvarks)

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Aardvark

The order Tubulidentata consists of a single species, the aardvark. Tubulidentata are characterised by their teeth which lack a pulp cavity and form thin tubes which are continuously worn down and replaced.

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)

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Cape hyrax

The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

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Dugongs

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. These animals live in warm coastal waters from East Africa to Australia, including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

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Golden spiny mouse
Sand rat

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

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The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

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Long-eared hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

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The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

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The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales and dolphins and porpoises)

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The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

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Red fox
African golden wolf

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

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The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

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Dorcas gazelle
Nubian ibex

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Locally extinct

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The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Taylor, A.; Lehmann, T. (2015). "Orycteropus afer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41504A21286437.
  2. ^ Marsh, H. & Sobtzick, S. (2019). "Dugong dugon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6909A160756767.
  3. ^ Amori, G. & De Smet, K. (2016). "Hystrix cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10746A22232484.
  4. ^ Amori, G.; Aulagnier, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2016). "Eliomys melanurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T7619A115085446.
  5. ^ Johnston, C.H.; Robinson, T.J.; Child, M.F. & Relton, C. (2019). "Lepus capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41277A45186750.
  6. ^ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
  7. ^ Hutterer, R.; Molur, S. & Heaney, L. (2016). "Suncus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41440A22287830.
  8. ^ Korine, C. (2016). "Rousettus aegyptiacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29730A22043105.
  9. ^ Benda, P. (2017). "Rhinopoma cystops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T82345555A82345569.
  10. ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  11. ^ Monadjem, A.; Bergmans, W.; Mickleburgh, S.; Kock, D.; Amr, Z.S.S. & Hutson, A.M. (2017). "Asellia tridens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T80221529A21975715.
  12. ^ Sciara di N.G.; Smeenk C.; Rudolph P.; Addink M.; Baldwin R.; Cesario A.; Costa M.; Feingold D.; Fumagalli M.; Kerem D.; Goffman O.; Elasar M.; Scheinin A.; Hadar N. (2014). "Summary review of cetaceans of the Red Sea" (PDF). Convention of Biological Diversity.
  13. ^ Update on the Cetacean Fauna of the Mediterranean Levantine Basin
  14. ^ Are humpback whales electing the Mediterranean Sea as new residence?
  15. ^ "Whale spotted off Larnaca". Archived from the original on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
  16. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2016-04-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L. & Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15421A50368125.
  18. ^ Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567.
  19. ^ Avgan, B.; Henschel, P. & Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
  20. ^ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
  21. ^ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en.
  22. ^ Sliwa, A.; Ghadirian, T.; Appel, A.; Banfield, L.; Sher Shah, M. & Wacher, T. (2016). "Felis margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8541A50651884.
  23. ^ Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro, S.; Kamler, J.F. & Laguardia, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15954A160698029.
  24. ^ Gaubert, P.; Carvalho, F.; Camps, D. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta genetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41698A45218636.
  25. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A. H. & Gaubert, P. & Palomares, F. (2016). "Herpestes ichneumon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41613A45207211.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ichneumia albicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41620A45208640. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  27. ^ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
  28. ^ Green, D.S. (2015). "Proteles cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18372A45195681.
  29. ^ Hoffmann, M. & Atickem, A. (2019). "Canis lupaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T118264888A118265889.
  30. ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
  31. ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Vulpes cana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T23050A48075169.
  32. ^ Mallon, D.; Murdoch, J.D. & Wacher, T. (2015). "Vulpes rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T23053A46197483.
  33. ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  34. ^ Wacher, T.; Bauman, K. & Cuzin, F. (2015). "Vulpes zerda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41588A46173447.
  35. ^ Ahmim, M. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ictonyx libyca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41645A45212347.
  36. ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
  37. ^ McDonald, R. & Hoffmann, M. (2016). "Mustela subpalmata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41660A65993325.
  38. ^ Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13653A45227543.
  39. ^ Moehlman, P.D.; Kebede, F. & Yohannes, H. (2015). "Equus africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T7949A45170994.
  40. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella arabica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T117582065A88018124. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T117582065A88018124.en.
  41. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella dorcas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8969A50186334.
  42. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella gazella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8989A50186574.
  43. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Gazella leptoceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8972A50186909.
  44. ^ Ross, S.; Elalqamy, H.; Al Said, T. & Saltz, D. (2020). "Capra nubiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T3796A22143385.
  45. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Addax nasomaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T512A50180603.
  46. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Alcelaphus buselaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T811A143160967.
  47. ^ Lewison, R. & Pluháček, J. (2017). "Hippopotamus amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T10103A18567364.
  48. ^ Gannon, Megan (8 September 2014). "Climate and Civilization Killed Egypt's Animals". livescience.com. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  49. ^ Woodroffe, R. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2020). "Lycaon pictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12436A166502262.
  50. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Oryx leucoryx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15569A50191626.
  51. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Oryx dammah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15568A50191470.
  52. ^ Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
  53. ^ Gippoliti, S. (2019). "Papio hamadryas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T16019A17953082.
  54. ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
  55. ^ McLellan, B.N.; Proctor, M.F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
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