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List of colonial buildings in Bandung

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Colonial buildings in Bandung include those that were constructed during the Dutch colonial period of Indonesia. The period started with the founding of Bandung in the beginning of the 20th century, which is relatively young compared to other Indonesian cities. The list is divided into the colonial architectural styles: Traditionalism (before 20th century), Dutch Rationalism (1900s-1920s), and Modernism (1920s-1930s).

Colonial architecture in Bandung is dominated with Modernist architecture, apparent in buildings such as civic buildings and offices. Bandung contains one of the largest remaining collections of Modernist building (Dutch Nieuwe Bouwen) in the world.[1] European city planning based on garden city concept were implemented in the north part of Bandung, which is still apparent today in the architecture of the residences and villas. Most buildings in Bandung are designed by architects who lived and worked in Bandung, many of them were educated in The Netherlands. Some of the architecture were influenced with Indonesian architecture, and also North-American and British-Indies influences in the Modern architecture of pre-independent Indonesia.[2]

Below is a list of colonial buildings found in Bandung. The list is sorted alphabetically according to its official (often, local) name. The list can also be sorted to each category.

Buildings which undertook complete renovation which resulted in different form are listed separately to distinguish the different architectural form.

Traditionalism (before 20th century)

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A small number of colonial buildings, mostly an original governmental function, were built in the 19th century in Neoclassical Indies Empire style (collectively known as Traditionalist movement) around the founding time of Bandung.[2] Few early 19th-century buildings in the most developed tropical style of Indische stijl existed in Bandung, one of them is the residence of the assistant-residence, which was unfortunately demolished in 1926 for a new municipal office.[3]

Indische Empire style continued to the early 20th century.[2] Architect consultant 'Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Ed.Cuypers, Amsterdam' (Eduard Cuypers) introduced neoclassical language in the architecture of private banks. Characteristic for the architectural conception of this bank building is entrance portico with double columns crowned by composition capitals, a cornice and tympanum; the order of the facade-windows combined with columns and composition capitals.[2]

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Latest image Oldest image
Bank Mandiri - Bandung Asia Afrika (1998)[4] Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij te Bandoeng (original) / Bank Ekspor Impor (1960) 1912[5] Ed. Cuypers & Hulswit te Weltevreden[5] 6°55′16″S 107°36′28″E / 6.921028°S 107.607825°E / -6.921028; 107.607825
Bank Negara Indonesia Javasche Bank 1915 Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Ed. Cuypers, Amsterdam 6°54′52″S 107°36′34″E / 6.914509°S 107.609316°E / -6.914509; 107.609316
Gedung Pakuan Residentswoning 1860, 1941 restored Gmelig Meijling (1941 restoration) 6°54′42″S 107°36′17″E / 6.911792°S 107.604771°E / -6.911792; 107.604771
Gemeentehuis (demolished in 1926, on its site is Balai Kota Bandung)[3] Huis van de assistent-resident, Assistent der Koffijkultuur[3] 1819[3] for Andries de Wilde[3] 6°54′39″S 107°36′35″E / 6.910796°S 107.609819°E / -6.910796; 107.609819
Grand Hotel Preanger (1920) Inn (original);[6] Hotel en Toko Thiem (1825); Hotel Preanger (1897) 1825[6] anonymous 6°55′15″S 107°36′42″E / 6.920711°S 107.611648°E / -6.920711; 107.611648
Hubdam III/Siliwangi Middelbare Opleidingsschool voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren;[7] Hogere Kweekschool (HKS); Hoofdenschool Bandoeng (1878);[7] Sakola Menak[7] 29 December 1878[7] 6°56′04″S 107°36′27″E / 6.934565°S 107.607510°E / -6.934565; 107.607510
Kantoor van J.R. de Vries en Co. (demolished, now Toko de Vries) Kantoor van J.R. de Vries en Co. 19th-century 6°55′18″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921675°S 107.609846°E / -6.921675; 107.609846
Kantoor van De Vries en Fabricius (demolished, now Toko de Vries) Kantoor van De Vries en Fabricius 19th-century 6°55′18″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921640°S 107.609584°E / -6.921640; 107.609584
Mako II Kodam III Siliwangi, Gedung Sabahu Departement van Oorlog 1910-1915 6°54′40″S 107°36′52″E / 6.911144°S 107.614534°E / -6.911144; 107.614534
Polwiltabes Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool[8] 1866 (opened)[8] anonymous 6°54′50″S 107°36′39″E / 6.914022°S 107.610798°E / -6.914022; 107.610798
Residentiekantoor (demolished, now Gedung Keuangan Negara Bandung)[9] Residentiekantoor[9] 1867[9] anonymous 6°55′19″S 107°36′40″E / 6.922038°S 107.611066°E / -6.922038; 107.611066
Rumah Sakit Immanuel Zendinghospitaal Immanuel 6°56′09″S 107°35′46″E / 6.935859°S 107.596225°E / -6.935859; 107.596225
Sociëteit Concordia (demolished, now the Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika) Sociëteit Concordia 1895 6°55′16″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921216°S 107.609597°E / -6.921216; 107.609597

Dutch Rationalism (1900s – 1920s)

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See also: New Indies Style

The early 20th century was characterized by the introduction of new technological method of construction. The period saw the effect of a new beginning when the colony is exposed to private initiatives and enormous population growth. Many new private houses were built during this time all over Indonesia. The preferable architecture style were eclectic, sometimes Romantic, combination of Dutch and Javanese style.

A new style, known as Dutch Rationalism, flourished in the Netherlands as well as in the Indies; the subsequent style in the tropical climate of Indonesia is known as New Indies Style.[10] It is largely introduced by Moojen from Batavia, who was largely influenced by the works of Berlage.[11] The style is the result of the attempt to develop new solutions to integrate traditional precedents (classicism) with new technological possibilities. It can be described as a transitional style between Traditionalists and the Modernists.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Latest image Oldest image
Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank (demolished, now Mandiri no. 92) Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank 1911 de Bouwploeg 6°55′18″S 107°36′32″E / 6.921568°S 107.608917°E / -6.921568; 107.608917
Telefoonkantoor (demolished, now Plasa Telkom Lembong) Telefoonkantoor 6°55′00″S 107°36′39″E / 6.916537°S 107.610870°E / -6.916537; 107.610870
Toko De Vries Warenhuis De Vries 1909 Hulswit-Fermont, Batavia and Ed.Cuypers, Amsterdam 6°55′18″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921684°S 107.609685°E / -6.921684; 107.609685

Modernism (1920s-1930s)

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The period saw the emergence of Modernism and its varieties, namely Art Deco, Nieuwe Bouwen, Amsterdam School and other variations. The same period, in 1929, Bandung approved the 'Framework plan' city planning, which covered an area of 12,758 ha, divided in plans for mainly the Northern- and partly the Southern areas of the town.[2] This fosters the development of early 20th-century modern architecture in Bandung.

Art Deco evolved from earlier Dutch Rationalism. The form is symmetrical and exudes technological progress and glamour, with rich color and bold geometric shapes. In Bandung, Art Deco often manifested in the decorative element in the street facades, often hiding an ordinary building with a helm roof and covered with tiles; these architecture is mostly the product of rebuilding and upgrading of commercial buildings in the 1920s and 1930s.[2]

In the following period between late 1930s and 1940s, Art Deco evolved into a new style known as Nieuwe Bouwen (Dutch term for Modernism) or Functionalism. Instead of creating decorative style on the facade, the architect creates style in the clear arrangement of space. The preference is to use universal form such as cylinder or curving horizontal lines. No Where else in Indonesia are the influences of the 'Modern movement' in architecture observable as in the City of Bandung.[2] Albert Aalbers is the most representative expression of Nieuwe Bouwen in Indonesia, and many of his masterpieces - such as Savoy Homann Hotel (1939), Denis Bank (1936), and the "Driekleur" (1937) - were located in Bandung. The style is characterized by its openness, its sleek facade lines, and strong spatial effect on the exterior.[12] Bandung contains one of the largest remaining collections of Art Deco-Nieuwe Bouwen buildings in the world.[1][12]

Also included in this period are those architects who implemented the principles of native art of building in Indonesia, such as those designed by Henri Maclaine Pont.

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Latest image Oldest image
Nederlands-Indische Metaalwaren Emballage Fabrieken
Keramisch Laboratorium Afdeling Nijverheid
De Indische Centrale Aanschaffingsdienst
IJkwezen Bandoeng
Jubileum Park
Molukken Park
Zweminrichting 'het Centrum' 1927 C.P. Wolff Schoemaker
3 Villas in Jalan Dago (Ir. H. Juanda) Drie Locomotives 1936 Albert Aalbers
Asuransi Jiwasraya Nillmij Snuyf en Wiemans[13] 6°55′15″S 107°36′25″E / 6.920952°S 107.606824°E / -6.920952; 107.606824
Bala Keselamatan Het Leger des Heils 1920[14] Brinkman en Voorhave[14] 6°54′55″S 107°36′49″E / 6.915226°S 107.613569°E / -6.915226; 107.613569
Balai Kota Bandung Raadhuis Gem. Secretarie en Technische Diensten[15] 1927,[3] 1935 (expanded) E.H. de Roo 6°54′39″S 107°36′35″E / 6.910796°S 107.609819°E / -6.910796; 107.609819
Bandung Promotion Center De Zon 1925 anonymous 6°55′15″S 107°36′20″E / 6.920717°S 107.605547°E / -6.920717; 107.605547
Bandung railway station (2nd building) Station Bandoeng 1928[8] F. Cousin (Bouwkundig Bureau van de Staatsspoorwegen)[8] 6°54′53″S 107°36′09″E / 6.914679°S 107.602445°E / -6.914679; 107.602445
Bank BJB DENIS De Eerste Nederlandsch – Indische Spaarkas, Bank Karya Pembangunan[2] 1935[2]-1936 Albert Aalbers 6°55′12″S 107°36′37″E / 6.919943°S 107.610302°E / -6.919943; 107.610302
Bank BJB Syariah Residentiekantoor Afd. Priangan, 's Landskas, Algemeen Ontvanger en Landsvendukantoor Bandoeng; N.V. Oliefabrieken Insulinde (original) 1918-1921 Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker 6°54′53″S 107°36′31″E / 6.914642°S 107.608637°E / -6.914642; 107.608637
Bank Mandiri (1998) Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij / Bank Dagang Negara (1960) 6°55′15″S 107°36′24″E / 6.920760°S 107.606626°E / -6.920760; 107.606626
Bank Pacific (abandoned) Internationale Crediet- en Handelsverg. Rotterdam.; Bank Pacific 1925 6°55′16″S 107°36′44″E / 6.921075°S 107.612231°E / -6.921075; 107.612231
Bio Farma Instituut Pasteur 1926 n.b. 6°53′58″S 107°36′02″E / 6.899475°S 107.600425°E / -6.899475; 107.600425
Bioscoop Dian (abandoned) Radio City 1925 6°55′22″S 107°36′27″E / 6.922853°S 107.607515°E / -6.922853; 107.607515
Bioscoop Elita Bioscoop Elita
Bioscoop Oriental Bioscoop Oriëntal
Bioscoop Orion Bioscoop Orion
Direktorat Keuangan Angkatan Darat Militaire Sociëteit[15] 6°54′43″S 107°37′13″E / 6.912017°S 107.620413°E / -6.912017; 107.620413
Gedung Kologdam Bandung Jaarbeurs 1919 C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°54′35″S 107°37′01″E / 6.909673°S 107.616891°E / -6.909673; 107.616891
Gedung Landmark Braga Boekhandel en Drukkerij G.C.T. van Dorp & Co[13] 1921[13] C.P. Wolff Schoemaker[13] 6°54′56″S 107°36′31″E / 6.915554°S 107.608709°E / -6.915554; 107.608709
Gedung Merdeka Club Concordia 1921 C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′16″S 107°36′33″E / 6.921112°S 107.609209°E / -6.921112; 107.609209
Gedung Moh. Toha Machinehal, Jaarbeurs 1919 C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°54′37″S 107°37′02″E / 6.910307°S 107.617085°E / -6.910307; 107.617085
Gedung Sate Department van Gouvernementsbedrijven te Bandung 1920 J. Gerber (Landsgebouwendienst) 6°54′09″S 107°37′08″E / 6.902508°S 107.618778°E / -6.902508; 107.618778
Gereja Injili Indonesia Hok Im Tong, "Indonesian Evangelical Church" Kerk van de Christian Science Society 6°53′55″S 107°36′42″E / 6.898517°S 107.611742°E / -6.898517; 107.611742
Gereja Katedral Santo Petrus Katholieke kerk Bandoeng 1922 C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°54′53″S 107°36′38″E / 6.914831°S 107.610611°E / -6.914831; 107.610611
Gereja Kristen Indonesia Taman Cibunut Gereformeerde Kerk[8] 23 December 1920 (opened)[8] 6°55′01″S 107°36′55″E / 6.917039°S 107.615402°E / -6.917039; 107.615402
GPIB Bethel, Bethel Protestant Church Protestantsche Kerk (Pieterskerk), Bethelkerk, de Nieuwe Kerk[16] 1924-1925[12][16] C.P. Wolff Schoemaker[12][16] 6°54′49″S 107°36′31″E / 6.913617°S 107.608496°E / -6.913617; 107.608496
GPIB Maranatha, Maranatha Protestant Church Oosterkerk 1926 F. W. Brinkman[16] 6°54′25″S 107°37′35″E / 6.907076°S 107.626396°E / -6.907076; 107.626396
Grand Hotel Preanger 1925 C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′15″S 107°36′42″E / 6.920711°S 107.611648°E / -6.920711; 107.611648
Institut Teknologi Bandung Technische Hogeschool te Bandoeng 1920[12] Henri Maclaine Pont 6°53′33″S 107°36′38″E / 6.892409°S 107.610420°E / -6.892409; 107.610420
Kantor Pos Besar Bandung Post- en Telegraafkantoor 1928-1931[17] J. van Gendt (Landsgebouwendienst) 6°55′14″S 107°36′22″E / 6.920646°S 107.606145°E / -6.920646; 107.606145
Kantor Pusat Pos Indonesia & Museum Pos Indonesia, Headquarter of Pos Indonesia and museum. Post-, Telegraaf- en Telefoondienst 27 Juli 1920-1931[18] J. Berger (Landsgebouwendienst) 6°54′08″S 107°37′11″E / 6.902131°S 107.619748°E / -6.902131; 107.619748
Kodam III Siliwangi Het Paleis van de Legercommandant 1918[19] Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker[19] 6°54′35″S 107°36′49″E / 6.909858°S 107.613642°E / -6.909858; 107.613642
Lapas Sukamiskin 6°54′22″S 107°40′32″E / 6.906109°S 107.675428°E / -6.906109; 107.675428
Museum Geologi Geologisch Laboratorium 1928 H. Menalda van Schouwenburg 6°54′03″S 107°37′17″E / 6.900702°S 107.621483°E / -6.900702; 107.621483
Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika 1926 Van Galen, C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′16″S 107°36′35″E / 6.921229°S 107.609610°E / -6.921229; 107.609610
Museum Mandala Wangsit Siliwangi House of H. ter Poorten (Major General, Inspector of Artillery)[8] around 1910[8] 6°55′04″S 107°36′41″E / 6.917721°S 107.611254°E / -6.917721; 107.611254
New Majestic Bioscoop Concordia (1924); Majestic Theatre (1973); Bioskop Dewi (1960) 1924[20] C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°55′15″S 107°36′35″E / 6.920794°S 107.609692°E / -6.920794; 107.609692
Pasar Baroe (demolished, on its site stands Pasar Baru Trade Center) Pasar Baroe 6°55′03″S 107°36′14″E / 6.917536°S 107.603789°E / -6.917536; 107.603789
PD Bandung Baru Wijs vendukantoor[21] 1910-1920[22] anonymous 6°55′09″S 107°36′23″E / 6.919171°S 107.606500°E / -6.919171; 107.606500
Perkebunan XII Preanger Administratie Incasso Kantoor (PAIK)[13] 1937[13]
Perum Listrik Negara - Distribusi Jawa Barat dan Banten Gemeenschappelijk Electriciteitsbedrijf Bandoeng en Omstreken (GEBEO) 1922 Richard Leonard Arnold Schoemaker 6°55′16″S 107°36′30″E / 6.921129°S 107.608355°E / -6.921129; 107.608355
PN Gas Ned.- Ind. Gas. Mij., Showroom en kantoor; Becker en Co (original)[13] 1919[13] C.P. Schoemaker & Associatie[13] 6°55′06″S 107°36′35″E / 6.918212°S 107.609698°E / -6.918212; 107.609698
Rumah Potong Hewan (slaughterhouse) Gemeentelijk Slachthuis te Bandoeng[23] 1935[23] G. Hendriks, E.H. de Roo[23] 6°54′44″S 107°35′20″E / 6.912157°S 107.588816°E / -6.912157; 107.588816
Santa Angela school Hogereburgerschool der Zusters Ursulinen 1921 Eduard Cuypers Hulswit-Fermont 6°54′46″S 107°36′39″E / 6.912721°S 107.610751°E / -6.912721; 107.610751
Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel Savoy Homann Hotel 1939 Albert Aalbers 6°55′20″S 107°36′37″E / 6.922175°S 107.610268°E / -6.922175; 107.610268
SMK Negeri 15 Bandung (1997-now) I.E.V. Kweekschool; Gabungan Indo Unit Kesatuan Indonesia (1952); SGA Negeri II Bandung (1953); SGA Negeri I Bandung (1978); SGO Negeri Bandung (1983); SMPS Negeri Bandung (1989)[24] 1919[24] 6°55′23″S 107°37′07″E / 6.922963°S 107.618656°E / -6.922963; 107.618656
SMA, SMP Santo Aloysius R.K. Muloschool; Japanese-run internment camp 6°54′18″S 107°36′44″E / 6.904962°S 107.612139°E / -6.904962; 107.612139
SMA Negeri 3 & 5 Bandung Hogereburgerschool Bandoeng; Kompetai 6°54′44″S 107°36′55″E / 6.912337°S 107.615221°E / -6.912337; 107.615221
SMAK Dago, "Dago Christian High School" (now demolished in 2012) SMAK Dago and SMA1 State High School (1945); Christelijk Lyceum Dago (1927); Residence of Tan (original)[25] 1910[25] J.S. Duyvis (1939 renovation), A.W. Gmelig Meijling (1941 renovation)[25] 6°53′46″S 107°36′45″E / 6.896008°S 107.612536°E / -6.896008; 107.612536
SMP Negeri 2 Bandung Europese Lagere School 1913 6°54′50″S 107°36′51″E / 6.914014°S 107.614084°E / -6.914014; 107.614084
SMP Negeri 5 Bandung MULO Bandoeng[26] 1920 6°54′52″S 107°36′52″E / 6.914535°S 107.614386°E / -6.914535; 107.614386
Villa Isola Villa Isola 1933 C.P. Wolff Schoemaker 6°51′40″S 107°35′38″E / 6.861°S 107.594°E / -6.861; 107.594
Villa Tiga Warna Driekleur 1937 Albert Aalbers 6°54′19″S 107°36′39″E / 6.905346°S 107.610856°E / -6.905346; 107.610856
Waskita Karya Aannemings Volker Maatschappij NV 6°55′15″S 107°36′26″E / 6.920920°S 107.607101°E / -6.920920; 107.607101
Wisma van Deventer (SMK BPP) Van Deventerschool (1919);[8] Normaalschool voor meisjes (1921)[8] 1919[8] 6°55′04″S 107°36′59″E / 6.917701°S 107.616394°E / -6.917701; 107.616394

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Dawson, B.; Gillow, J. (1994). The Traditional Architecture of Indonesia. Thames and Hudson. p. 25. ISBN 0-500-34132-X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Passchier, Cor. Bandung - A short history on Urban and architectural development (PDF).
  3. ^ a b c d e f Voskuil, R.P.G.A. (1999). Bandung - Beeld van een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior. p. 21. ISBN 9074861148.
  4. ^ Mandiri - Warisan Berharga Indonesia 2017
  5. ^ a b Akihary 1990, p. 100.
  6. ^ a b Sudarsono Katam Kartodiwirio; Lulus Abadi (2005). Album Bandoeng tempo doeloe (in Indonesian). NavPress Indonesia. ISBN 9789799894687.
  7. ^ a b c d Osvia Bandung Archived 2015-05-29 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bandung Centrum B
  9. ^ a b c Voskuil, R.P.G.A. (1999). Bandung - Beeld van een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior. p. 135. ISBN 9074861148.
  10. ^ Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. p. 120. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
  11. ^ Walter, Joop (July 2011). "Het Indisch Woonhuis". salatiga.nl/indische-architectuur/indisch-wonen.htm. Kota Salatiga. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  12. ^ a b c d e Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800-1950. Helmond: Gemeentemuseum Helmond. 1990. pp. 28–31. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Bandung Centrum A
  14. ^ a b https://orsonkersen.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/kantor-pusat-bala-keselamatan/ Kantor Pusat Bala Keselamatan
  15. ^ a b Voskuil, R.P.G.A. (1999). Bandung - Beeld van een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior. p. 176. ISBN 9074861148.
  16. ^ a b c d Arif Sarwo Wibowo (2015). "Understanding The Design Approach of Colonial Churches: De Nieuwe Kerk and De Oosterkerk in Bandung" (PDF). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 184. Elsevier Ltd: 380–387. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.106. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
  17. ^ https://orsonkersen.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/kantor-pos-pusat/ Kantor Pos Pusat
  18. ^ Museum Pos Indonesia
  19. ^ a b Markas Kodam III/Siliwangi, Istana Panglima Militer
  20. ^ Gedung New Majestic
  21. ^ Voskuil, R.P.G.A. (1999). Bandung - Beeld van een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior. p. 127. ISBN 9074861148.
  22. ^ [1] Archived 2015-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Data Bangunan Bersejarah Kota Bandung Tahun 1997
  23. ^ a b c Tammi Lasmini (2008). Draft - REVITALISASI KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA ARJUNA BANDUNG (PDF) (in Indonesian). Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung. pp. 69–72. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  24. ^ a b Bangunan Tua SGA Negeri II
  25. ^ a b c Arya Dipa (April 17, 2012). "Bandung Loses Another Heritage Building". The Jakarta Post. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  26. ^ https://orsonkersen.wordpress.com/2012/01/09/smp-negeri-5/ SMP Negeri 5

Cited works

[edit]
  • Akihary, Huib (1990). Architectuur & Stedebouw in Indonesië 1870/1970. Zutphen: De Walburg Pers. ISBN 9072691024.
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