Karađorđeva šnicla
Karađorđeva šnicla (English: Karađorđe's schnitzel, Serbian Cyrillic: Карађорђева шницла) is a breaded cutlet dish named after the Serbian revolutionary Karađorđe. The dish consists of a rolled veal, pork, or chicken steak, stuffed with kaymak, which is then breaded and fried. It is served with tartar sauce and a slice of lemon, as well as french fries or steamed vegetables on the side. Created by Josip Broz Tito's chef Mića Stojanović in 1956 or 1957 as an improvisation of Chicken Kiev, it has since become a regular staple in Serbian cuisine. Stojanović unsuccessfully tried to patent his original recipe, which has since been adapted to several variations.
History
[edit]Karađorđeva šnicla was created by Mića Stojanović, a retired cooking professor, former head chef at InterContinental Belgrade, and personal chef for Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito. Born in a village in the central Serbian region of Gruža in 1935, Stojanović lost both of his parents in the Kragujevac massacre of October 1941, and was later moved to an orphanage. As a teenager, he enrolled in a culinary school. He has come up with around 200 recipes over the course of his career, many of which were named after figures and locations from Serbian history. According to Stojanović, he first prepared Karađorđeva šnicla in 1956 or 1957, after receiving an order for Chicken Kiev while working at the Golf Restaurant in the Belgrade suburb of Košutnjak. Lacking butter and chicken, Stojanović decided to make a cutlet from veal and kaymak.[1][2] Lastly, he poured tartar sauce over it and decorated it with a slice of lemon.[3] He later discovered that the guest was Tito's sister-in-law Tamara Broz, who was pleased with the result. That year, Stojanović was invited to join Tito's kitchen staff, and later became the statesman's personal chef—a position he held until Tito's death in 1980.[1]
Stojanović originally titled the creation Schnitzel Karađorđe (Šnicla Karađorđe).[4] The breaded cutlet is named after Serbian revolutionary Karađorđe, who was born in the region of Šumadija, where kaymak was mass-produced at the time.[1][2] Stojanović later presented his work, which he named Karađorđeva šnicla, at a Belgrade food competition in 1967.[5] He said that another reason behind naming it after Karađorđe was due to the House of Karađorđević being well-known internationally.[6] Stojanović, however, dismissed it as a monarchistic creation because Karađorđe was not censored in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia due to his revolutionary and freedom-fighting status.[7] The dish is sometimes colloquially referred to as the Maidens' Dream (devojački san) because of its phallic shape.[8] In English, it is translated to either Karađorđe's schnitzel, Karađorđe's steak, or Black George's schnitzel.[9][10][11]
Stojanović attempted to patent the recipe, which has changed throughout time and in different locations.[4] He has fought to protect his original recipe as other restaurants added other ingredients, such as ham, pickles, peppers, and kashkaval.[1][6] The Intellectual Property Office rejected his patenting attempts, stating that there are no legal grounds to patent the creation.[12] In the 1990s, he established a restaurant in Zemun where his family prepares the breaded cutlet using the classic method. He has advocated for the consumption of non-veal meats in Karađorđeva šnicla, citing religious or cultural restrictions.[2][6]
Preparation
[edit]The primary ingredients of Karađorđeva šnicla include steak, breadcrumbs, flour, oil, and eggs, while stuffing often includes kaymak.[6][13][14] According to the classic recipe, the steak is pestled into a rectangle form, filled with kaymak, and then rolled into flour and eggs. The mixture is then rolled in breadcrumbs and fried for 12 to 15 minutes.[5][15] Steak can be made from veal, pork, or chicken.[2][15] Stojanović said that Karađorđeva šnicla is typically served with mayonnaise or tartar sauce and a slice of lemon, representing the Order of Karađorđe Star.[1][6][15] French fries, red pepper, or steamed vegetables are also used as side dishes, while white wine was recommended by Stojanović as a drink.[6][15][16]
The Swiss cordon bleu has been compared as having similar preparation to Karađorđeva šnicla.[2] In response to Voki Kostić's claim that Karađorđeva šnicla is a copy of cordon bleu, the Belgrade Hospitality and Tourism School refuted his claim, citing differences in stuffing.[6] Bojana Kalenjuk Pivarski, a professor at the Department of Gastronomy at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Novi Sad, similarly criticised the comparison of Karađorđeva šnicla to other dishes that are similar in preparation, such as Chicken Kiev, due to its specific shape and stuffing characteristics, such as the use of kaymak.[2]
Variations
[edit]A Kurir recipe additionally lists onions as an ingredient and black pepper and Vegeta as condiments. According to them, breadcrumbs are first mixed with meat and other ingredients, excluding flour and oil, then shaped into a rectangle. Cheese, prosciutto, and kaymak are then added to the mixture thereafter, which is subsequently fried in oil.[8] Another variation includes potatoes as a replacement for a steak. In this variation, potatoes are blended with eggs, flour, breadcrumbs, and stewed onions before being spread in the shape of a patty. Kaymak is then applied to the mixture and rolled, before being combined with breadcrumbs and eggs and fried.[17] A religious fast variant of Karađorđeva šnicla has been dubbed Ribođorđeva's schnitzel, a portmanteau of fish (riba) and Karađorđe, and comprises a catfish fillet stuffed with kashkaval and prosciutto.[18]
A variation of Karađorđeva šnicla made in Croatia is the Zagreb steak (Zagrebački odrezak), which is filled with ham and cheese instead of kaymak.[12][19] In Slovenia, this variation is known as the Ljubljana schnitzel.[12]
In culture
[edit]Karađorđeva šnicla has become a regular staple of Serbian cuisine and is a frequent feature in the country's restaurants.[2][15] Furthermore, the breaded cutlet has gained international recognition and has been featured in restaurants in New York City, Uganda, Singapore, and Japan.[1][2][7][20] A Serbian restaurant in St. Petersburg, Florida faced criticism in 2023 for preparing Karađorđeva šnicla with ham and cheese instead of kaymak.[21] Kalenjuk Pivarski said that "no [Serbian] dish created some 50, 60 years ago has such popularity" (nijedno jelo nastalo pre nekih 50, 60 godina nema takvu popularnost) as Karađorđeva šnicla.[2] Karađorđeva šnicla is served in University of Novi Sad and University of Belgrade student canteens.[22][23]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Kalaba, Ana (9 March 2020). ""Kako sam skuvao istoriju": Životna priča Titovog kuvara" ["How I Cooked History": The Life Story of Tito's Chef]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Mitrović, Nemanja (19 February 2023). "Jugoslavija i hrana: Kako je Titov kuvar stvorio Karađorđevu šniclu" [Yugoslavia and food: How Tito's chef created Karađorđe's schnitzel]. BBC News (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ "I car Dušan je voleo čorbe" [Emperor Dušan also loved soups]. Politika (in Serbian). 8 May 2010. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ a b Albunović, Ivana; Antelj, Jelica (2 January 2019). "Srpske recepte upisao u svetsku literaturu" [He added Serbian recipes into world literature]. Politika (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Korak po korak: Karađorđeva šnicla" [Step by step: Karađorđe's schnitzel]. Blic Žena (in Serbian). 26 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Stošić, Vladan (11 June 2008). "Otac Karađorđeve šnicle" [The Father of Karađorđe's schnitzel]. Vreme (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ a b Soleša, Boro (11 September 2014). "Kuvao za Tita, a "skuvao" Karađorđa" [He cooked for Tito, but ended up "cooking" Karađorđe instead]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Devojački san" [Maiden's dream]. Kurir (in Serbian). 6 October 2004. Archived from the original on 12 July 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2006.
- ^ Jasar, Dzengis; Curcic, Biljana; Kubelka-Sabit, Katerina; Filipovski, Vanja; Kakurinov, Vladimir (2021). "Health Issues and Nutrition in the Balkans". Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design (497): 98. ISSN 1857-8489.
- ^ "Karađorđeva šnicla" [Karađorđe's schnitzel] (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. p. 31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ Mitchell, Laurence (2005). Belgrade. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-84162-145-6.
- ^ a b c Litera, Vladimir; Vorkapić, M. (27 August 2013). "Tvorac Karađorđeve šnicle ne može da zaštiti životno delo" [The creator of Karađorđe's schnitzel cannot protect his work]. 24 sata (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ Krdžić, Iris (17 October 2022). "Uživajte u pravom srpskom ručku! Naš kuvar objašnjava kako da napravite najukusniju Karađorđevu šniclu!" [Enjoy a real Serbian lunch! Our chef explains how to make the most delicious Karađorđe's schnitzel!]. Blic Žena (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ "Karađorđeva šnicla" [Karađorđe's schnitzel]. Coolinarka (in Croatian). 21 September 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Kalaba, Ana (3 March 2020). "Savršena Karađorđeva šnicla po originalnom receptu" [Perfect Karađorđe's schnitzel according to the original recipe]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- ^ "Renovirani hotel "Union"" [Renovated Hotel "Union"]. Borba (in Serbo-Croatian). 29 January 1970. p. 17. Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ "Karađorđeva šnicla od krompira" [Karađorđe's potato schnitzel]. Blic Žena (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ "Ribođorđeva šnicla zbog koje se tresu mreže: "Ako Karađorđe sad ne ustane, nikad neće"" [Ribođorđe's schnitzel that shook the Internet: "If Karađorđe doesn't come from the ground now, he never will"]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ "Zagrebački odrezak" [Zagreb steak]. Croatian National Tourist Board (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ Cvetićanin, Andrijana (13 March 2016). "Kuvar sa Šri Lanke u Ugandi promoviše Srbiju" [A chef from Sri Lanka promotes Serbia in Uganda]. Politika (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ Kalaba, Ana (3 January 2023). "Objavljen jelovnik srpskog restorana na Floridi, zbog glavnog specijaliteta ljudi traže zabranu" [The menu of a Serbian restaurant in Florida has been published, because of the main speciality, people are asking for it to be banned]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ Virijević, Aleksandra (20 August 2022). ""Sarma i pomfrit, pa gde ste to još videli?": Bili smo u studentskim menzama i saznali za koja jela se traži dupla porcija" ["Sarma and French fries, so where else have you seen that?": We were in the student canteens and found out which dishes require a double portion]. Danas (in Serbian). Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ "Studentska menza – šta se sve može naći na studentskoj trpezi" [Student canteen – what can be found at the student table]. Radio Television of Vojvodina (in Serbian). 30 August 2024. Archived from the original on 6 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
