Haberli, İdil
Haberli | |
|---|---|
  Haberli Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°18′32″N 41°37′16″E / 37.309°N 41.621°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Şırnak |
| District | İdil |
| Population (2021)[1] | 179 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Haberli, also known by its Syriac name Bbsorino (Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܣܒܝܪܝܢܐ, lit. 'Beth Sbirino', or 'Bsorino',[2]) is a village in the İdil District of Şırnak Province in Turkey.[3]
With a rich history tracing, the village became a spot of Syriac Christian education and monastical activity, with a significant Syriac Orthodox population. However, this was disturbed by the events of the Sayfo, and in recent years, the village has been reported as a site of human rights violations against the Syriac population in Turkey. In modern years, the village is populated by a mixed population of Kurds and Syriacs,[4][5] and has a population of 179 as of 2021.[1][6]
History
[edit]Early history
[edit]The oldest recorded name for the village is Sbirina, recorded from 1286 and evolving into other names such as Basibrin and Beth Sbirino (Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܣܒܝܪܝܢܐ, lit. 'House of Hope').[7] The majority of the village's population is religiously Syriac Orthodox, but there were also a few Catholics living in the village as well.[8]
In the 9th century BC, the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II and his successor Shalmaneser III both described passing the Pass of Ištarāte on marches with their armies, which has been identified with the pass near Haberli.[9] The pass is now a road that connects İdil and Midyat together.
Throughout its history, the village of Bsbirino has been a site of monastical activity for the Syriac Orthodox Church, retaining significant Christian heritage. For example, Ignatius Aphrem I, the former patriarch of the church, states that eleven letters belonging to Mor Yakup were found on thirty large papers which are now on display in the London Museum, some of which also offering insight into theological manners such as the process of baptism.[10] [11] In Syriac Christian encyclopedias, there exists records of the priest Isaiah of Bet Sbirino (Syriac: ܐܫܥܝܐ ܣܒܝܪܝܢܝܐ), who authored two poems on the ravage of Tamerlane in Tur Abdin.[12] Today, 25 churches remain in the region where the village lies, and churches and monasteries affiliated with the SOC were the main religious sites until the first mosque was built in the 1970s.[13][14][15]
Modern history
[edit]Haberli is a village of thirty clans who historically were under the patronage of Kurds of the Salihan tribe. Some families consider themselves members of the Salihan tribe.[16]
At the beginning of the 20th century, Haberli was primarily an Syriac village.[7] During the events of the Sayfo, an attack was made on the village in 1915, but it was unsuccessful.[17] The village was attacked once again two years later, which killed most of the survivors of the 1915 attacks. Ottoman archival documents suggest that Syriac Christians in the village had revolted against authorities, however no tangible evidence of this has surfaced.[18] Following subsequent persecution under the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey, most of the population have since migrated to Germany. Only 25 households remain in the village as of 2016.
The village is also said to be where the Syriac Haydo family originates from.[19] Shamoun Hanne Haydo, a clan leader who is well known for defending his community during the genocide, is said to have originated from Haberli, and is where he passed away. The village fell under attack from a Kurdish Agha after Haydo finished his education, which caused a full scale attack to be led by a group of Kurds. This attack would eventually be resisted by Haydo.[19]
The village has previously been the site of several human rights violations against the Syriac community, which include occupation of immovable property, and the villagers continue to receive hostility and threats from the local Kurdish and Muslim population.[20] Minority Rights Group International reported that Syriacs originally from the village had several of their lands registered by non-Syriac owners illegally and without their consultation, something that also affected the village of Elbeğendi.[21] Syriacs who have shown interest in returning to the village following emigration were intimidated by village guards, with no interception from the Turkish Armed Forces.[22] This has resulted in an increased exodus of Syriacs outside of the village over the years, which has in some cases reduced the economy from viticulture profits.[23]
In 1994, Melke Tok, a priest from the village had been abducted before conducting a wedding ceremony.[24] News of the priest's kidnapping had reached villagers who were gathering at the Mor Gabriel Monastery to celebrate the ordination of two monks. It's believed that his kidnappers were supporters of the group Hezbollah; Tok succeeded in escaping following an experience of premature burial, and stated that he was pressured to convert to Islam.[25]
In 1990, the village was transferred from the province of Mardin to Şırnak;[26] following Law No. 5747 enacted by the Ministry of the Interior, the village would lose its status as a sub-district.[27]
Demographics
[edit]Population data for Haberli shows a decline in population from 1965 up to the present day, but since the 1990s and 2000s, the village has had a steady population size of around 200 people, which typically increases or decreases slightly.
In 1984, there were 900 speakers of the Turoyo dialect of Neo-Aramaic.[28]
| Village population data by year | |
|---|---|
| 1965 | 775[29] |
| 1985 | 290 |
| 1990 | 185 |
| 2000 | 174 |
| 2007 | 156[30] |
| 2008 | 155[30] |
| 2009 | 151[30] |
| 2010 | 152[30] |
| 2011 | 147[30][31] |
| 2012 | 153[30] |
| 2013 | 198[30][32] |
| 2014 | 188[30] |
| 2015 | 177[30] |
| 2016 | 175[30] |
| 2017 | 173[30] |
| 2018 | 182 |
| 2019 | 163 |
| 2020 | 164 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b "31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) SONUÇLARI" (XLS). TÜİK (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 December 2022.
- ^ "Beth Sbirino - ܒܝܬ ܣܒܝܪܝܢܐ". The Syriac Gazetteer. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
- ^ "Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "T.C. Şırnak Valiliği Resmi İnternet Sitesi - Valimiz Sayın Cevdet Atay Süryani Vatandaşlarımızın İkamet Ettiği Haberli Köyünde İncelemelerde Bulundu". www.sirnak.gov.tr. Retrieved 2025-03-24.
- ^ "TUR ABDİN BÖLGESİ'NDE YERLEŞİK SÜRYANİLERİN YER, ZAMAN VE SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL BAĞLAMDA KIRSAL MİMARİLERİ: MİDYAT-HABERLİ (BASIBİRN) KÖYÜ ÖRNEĞİ RURAL ARCHITECTURES OF ASSYRIANS SETTLED IN TUR ABDIN REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF LOCATION, TIME AND SOCIO-CULTURE: THE CASE OF MIDYAT-HABERLİ (BASIBİRN) VILLAGE". scholar.google.com.tr. Retrieved 2025-03-24.
- ^ Tan, Altan (2018). Turabidin'den Berriye'ye. Aşiretler - Dinler - Diller - Kültürler (in Turkish). p. 160. ISBN 9789944360944.
- ^ a b "Nişanyan Yeradları - Türkiye ve Çevre Ülkeler Yerleşim Birimleri Envanteri". Nişanyan Yeradları (in Turkish). Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ Çetinoğlu, Sait (2017-07-20), "Genocide/Seyfo – and how resistance became a way of life", The Assyrian Genocide, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge studies in modern history ; 29: Routledge, p. 186, doi:10.4324/9781315269832-6, ISBN 978-1-315-26983-2, retrieved 2025-03-23
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Radner, Karen (2006). "How to reach the Upper Tigris: The route through the Tur Abdin". State Archives of Assyria Bulletin. 15: 288.
- ^ Barsoum, Ephrem; Moosa, Matti. The Scattered Pearls A History Of Syriac Literature And Sciences.
- ^ "Süryani Kaynaklarında İdil (Betzabday-Hazak) - Süryaniler | Renkler Solmasın, Kültürler Kaybolmasın". www.suryaniler.com. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ "Isaiah of Beth Sbirino - ܐܫܥܝܐ ܣܒܝܪܝܢܝܐ". The Syriac Biographical Dictionary. Retrieved 23 March 2025.
- ^ "Güneydoğu'daki 'Süryani' Köylerinden; HABERLİ KÖYÜ / İDİL". www.milasonder.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ SOYDAN, Ersoy (2013-01-01). "MARDİN VE ŞIRNAK İLLERİNDEKİ SÜRYANİLERE AİT DİNİ YAPILARIN KÜLTÜR (VE İNANÇ) TU". The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. 6 (8): 597. doi:10.9761/jasss1965. ISSN 2147-2971.
- ^ Yıldız, İrfan; Koç, Erkan (2010). "İdil'deki Süryani Kiliselerinden Birkaç Örnek". Uluslararası Şırnak ve Çevresi Sempozyumu (in Turkish): 343–364.
- ^ Baz, Ibrahim (2016). Şırnak aşiretleri ve kültürü (in Turkish). pp. 475–476. ISBN 9786058849631.
- ^ Travis, Hannibal (2017-07-20), "The Assyrian genocide across history", The Assyrian Genocide, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge studies in modern history ; 29: Routledge, pp. 1–91, doi:10.4324/9781315269832-1, ISBN 978-1-315-26983-2, retrieved 2025-03-23
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Talay, Shabo (2017-05-01), "Sayfo, Firman, Qafle: The First World War from the Perspective of Syriac Christians", Let Them Not Return, Berghahn Books, p. 138, doi:10.2307/j.ctvw049wf.11, ISBN 978-1-78533-499-3, retrieved 2025-03-23
- ^ a b Sims, Michael (2023-08-14). "'Without a Purpose, Misfortune Will Befall Our Land:' Discourses of Nation in Late Ottoman Kurdistan": 252.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ İHD. "Safety of the Life: General Social Situation of the Assyrian Villages in the Region – İHD" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2025-03-16.
- ^ "The Problem of Turkey's Displaced Persons: An Action Plan for Their Return and Compensation" (PDF). Minority Rights Group International. November 2006. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ BarAbraham, Abdulmesih (2021-12-29). "Returning Home: The Ambivalent Assyrian Experience in Turkey". Poligrafi: 163–164. doi:10.35469/poligrafi.2021.282. ISSN 2232-5174.
- ^ Şimşek, Mehmet. "Cumhuriyet Dönemi İdil Süryanileri - Süryaniler". www.suryaniler.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 2025-03-23. [Since the land is not suitable for agriculture, viticulture, which is the most suitable agricultural occupation, is trying to maintain its existence in the villages of Haberli and Öğündük (Midin) where Assyrians live today]
- ^ "Turkey: abduction / fear of extrajudicial killing: Melke Tok". Amnesty International. 1994-01-10. Retrieved 2025-03-16.
- ^ "Turkey Destroys Assyrian Villages". www.atour.com. 29 August 1996. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ "İki İl İle Beş İlçe Kurulması ve 190 Sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamenin Eki Cetvellerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun" (PDF). resmigazete.gov.tr (in Turkish). 16 May 1990. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
- ^ "5747 sayılı Kanunda yapılan değişiklikle Bucaklar kaldırılmıştır". 2016-09-09. Archived from the original on 9 September 2016. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ Peter Alfred, Andrews; Benninghaus, Rüdiger, eds. (1989). Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey. p. 206.
- ^ "1965 Genel Nüfus Sayımı İdari Bölünüş" (PDF). kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr (in Turkish). Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü. 1968. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "HABERLİ KÖYÜ NÜFUSU, ŞIRNAK İDİL". 2018-04-09. Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ "ADRESE DAYALI NÜFUS KAYIT SİSTEMİ (ADNKS) VERİ TABANI". rapor.tuik.gov.tr (in Turkish). TÜRKİYE İSTATİSTİK KURUMU. 2012-07-19. Archived from the original on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 2025-03-23.
- ^ "ADDRESS BASED POPULATION REGISTRATION SYSTEM (ABPRS) DATABASE". rapory.tuik.gov.tr. TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 2025-03-23.