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Draft:Carlos Belmonte Martínez

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  • Comment: The source cited for the sentence "Carlos Belmonte is married, has three children and resides near the Mediterranean coast in San Juan, Alicante" doesn't appear to support any of that material. Cordless Larry (talk) 13:14, 7 November 2024 (UTC)
  • Comment: While likely that the subject meets WP:NPROF, this is written as a puff-piece and will require extensive copy editing prior to publication. See discussion on the talk page. Bobby Cohn (talk) 21:10, 6 November 2024 (UTC)
Carlos Belmonte Martínez
Belmonte in 2024
Born (1943-10-24) October 24, 1943 (age 81)
Albacete, Castilla–La Mancha, Spain
Alma mater
Scientific career
FieldsNeuroscience

Carlos Belmonte Martínez (born October 24, 1943, in Albacete, Spain) is a neuroscientist recognized for his contributions to sensory physiology, particularly in ocular neuroscience. His research relates to understanding of corneal sensation, including the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind it.[1] He holds multiple patents related to the diagnosis and treatment of ocular pain, dry eye, and neurological conditions. His awards include the National Research Prize Rey Jaime I, the National Prize Severo Ochoa, the National Prize Gregorio Marañón[2][3][4] and the Nature Award for Mentoring in Science.[5][4] Additionally, he has also played a role in the development of several biomedical spin-offs[6] including Newmanbrain,[7][8] and i-Onion.[9]

Education

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Belmonte earned his MD with honors from the University of Madrid Medical School in 1966, followed by a PhD in Physiology, also with honors, in 1969. From 1971 to 1973, he continued his research training as an NIH International Fellow at the University of Utah,[10][11][12] working alongside C. Eyzaguirre[13] and Nobel Laureate H.K. Hartline.[14]

In 1973, he became the youngest Full Professor and Chairman at a Spanish medical school upon his return to Valladolid.[15] Although he spent sabbatical periods as a Visiting Professor at Harvard, Utah, the Max Planck Institute in Florida, and New South Wales University in Australia, his academic and research career has been primarily based in Spain.[16]

Career

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Belmonte is recognized for his significant contributions to research, having published over 170 scientific papers in national and international journals.[12][17] His research has primarily focused on neuroscience, particularly the mechanisms of sensory transduction and pain, contributing to much of the current knowledge in these areas through his publications. His contributions include the study of electrical properties of sensory neurons and their roles in transduction of mechanical and chemical stimuli. He has made several discoveries related to the physiology of the eye and its sensory pathways.[12]

Scientific contributions

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Belmonte is a scientist in the field of neuroscience, which is the study of the brain and nervous system. His research focuses on how our bodies sense things like touch, pain, and temperature, particularly in areas outside the brain, like the skin and eyes. He has published over 170 papers in national and international journals.[17][12]

One of his discoveries was that the way nerve cells work can change depending on the type of tissue they are connected to. For example, he found that the nerve endings in the cornea have unique ways of detecting different types of harmful stimuli, such as pressure or chemicals that might cause pain, as well as helping the eye heal and respond to inflammation. His research included developing a special tool called an gas esthesiometer that measures sensitivity on the eye's surface, confirming that there are different types of sensory functions at play and clarifying how specific nerve fibers contribute to our experience of sensations in the eye.[18][19]

He managed to record the electrical signals from a single nerve ending, which helps scientists understand how pain works at a very detailed level.[20] Overall, his work helps us understand how our bodies feel and respond to pain. His research resulted in the development of different inventions aimed at addressing ocular pain (See patent section).

His research spans a broad spectrum—from recombinant receptor channels and gene knockouts[21] to in vivo electrophysiological studies[22]. For example, he discovered that a specific channel in nerve cells of the trigeminal ganglion, called TRPM8 helps us sense cold temperatures and how concentrated certain substances are and they can be affected by inflammation.[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] He found that when these cold-sensing nerve fibers are activated, they play a role in producing tears, blinking, and the symptoms associated with Dry Eye Disease (DED),[34][35] while others, known as TRPA1, can be triggered by substances produced by bacteria.[36][37] He also looked into other channels, such as TRPV1 and Piezo2, which are involved in pain sensation in the eye.[38][39][40][41][42] This research has led to the creation of new compounds that could help regulate these channels, potentially providing new treatments for eye pain.[43][44][45]

One area of his research focuses on the dry eye symptoms that can occur after LASIK eye surgery. He suggested that these symptoms may mainly be due to damaged cold-sensing fibers firing abnormally, rather than problems with all types of sensory fibers. This helps explain why some patients experience pain and reduced tear production even when they blink less after surgery. His insights have enhanced our understanding of the sensory neurophysiology of the eyes and how they perceive different stimuli, as well as led to multiple patented inventions designed for diagnosing and treating eye pain.[46][47]

Additionally, he showed that injecting a substance called sodium hyaluronan into the knee can help reduce pain. This injection not only provides cushioning to the joint but also interacts with pain-sensing channels in the body, which helps lower inflammation.[48][49][50]

He was Secretary-General and later President of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)[51] In 1987, he founded the Institute of Neurosciences in Alicante, a joint center of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the University Miguel Hernández (UMH).[52][53], which became a center of excellence.[54]

Belmonte has also served on the boards of numerous international research organizations, including Human Frontiers, the European Research Council, and ERA-NET Neuron, and has contributed to key journals like Experimental Eye Research, Pain, Molecular Pain, and European Journal of Neuroscience. He is a member of the scientific boards of several research institutes and foundations across Spain, Portugal, Germany, France, the UK, Mexico, Japan, and the USA.[55] (See board memebership table)

Contributions to the field of education

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Belmonte has been appointed to several academic and administrative positions in educational institutions.

Professor Carlos Belmonte receiving Nature award

As Professor of Human Physiology in Madrid and Valladolid, and later as Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Dean of the Medical School at the University of Alicante, which he helped establish in 1980, he implemented innovative teaching methods and a progressive medical curriculum.[56] These reforms were later adopted by many medical schools across Spain. His leadership in medical education was further recognized when he became President of the Spanish Society of Medical Education[57].[58]

Many Spanish professors and researchers in physiology and neuroscience were trained in Belmonte's laboratory[56].

In 2017 he received a Nature Lifetime Award for Outstanding Mentorship.[59]

Academic Appointments[60][61][3][62]
Year Position
2014-present Professor Emeritus, Miguel Hernández University
2019-present Honorary Senior Researcher, Institute of Neurosciences, Alicante, Spain
1997-2014 Professor of Human Physiology. University Miguel Hernandez Medical School, Dept. of Physiology, Alicante, Spain
1980-1997 Professor of Human Physiology. University of Alicante Medical School, Dept. of Physiology, Alicante, Spain.
1973-1980 Professor of Human Physiology. University of Valladolid Medical School, Dept. Physiology, Valladolid, Spain.
2009–2021 Consultant and Head of the Ocular Surface Unit, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Instituto Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
1986–1990 Chairman, Dept. of Physiology, University of Alicante Medical School, Alicante, Spain[63]
1990–2007 Director, Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, University Miguel Hernández - CSIC, Spain[64]
1983–1985 Dean, Medical School, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain[65][3]
1978–1980 Director, School of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Spain[66]
1975–1977 Vice Dean, Medical School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain[14][3]
1980–1983 Vice President, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain[65]
1973–1980 Chairman, Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Valladolid Medical School, Valladolid, Spain[14][3]

Business career

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Belmonte has been the founder and co-founder of several biomedical spin-offs[67]

One of his early ventures was Avizorex Pharma, founded in 2013[68] [69], which stemmed from his research on the role of temperature-sensitive neurons in tear production[70]. The company developed AVX-012, an agonist of the TRPM8 ion channel, a receptor for cold temperatures in the eye that increases blinking and tear production to treat dry eye. This treatment successfully completed a Phase 2a clinical trial[71] [72]. In 2019, the company was acquired by Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc [73], which was acquired in 2022 by Alcon for $770 million[74]

In 2017, he co-founded Newmanbrain, for which he also acts as scientific advisor. The company's objective is to make cognitive assessments for various brain conditions like mild cognitive impairment and ADHD cost-effective and accesible for mass-screening with the aim to to accelerate the development of brain treatments.[75][76] Through fNIRs and AI-powered neuroimaging technology, the company provides fast an unbiased assessments of brain activity in the pre-frontal cortex.[75][76]

Carlos is the inventor, co-founder, and scientific advisor of i-Onion (formerly Tearful), a company established in 2019[77] that develops medical devices for measuring tear flow. The device enables a quantitative assessment of the lacrimal glands’ maximum tear secretion capacity in humans and other mammals, offering an alternative to the Schirmer test, which measures only basal tear secretion. The purpose of this device is to support clinicians in identifying appropriate secretagogues to activate lacrimal gland secretion when indicated.[78]

Patents

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Carlos Belmonte is a co-inventor or principal inventor on 25 patents focused on diagnosing and treating ocular pain, dry eyes, and detecting neuronal conditions, among others.[79][60]

Publications

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Belmonte has authored and co-authored over 170 scientific papers and over 20 books. His research primarily focuses on the sensory mechanisms involved in pain and temperature sensation, particularly in relation to the ocular surface. He extensively explores the functionality of various ion channels, such as TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) channels, and their role in nociceptive pathways (for the perception of pain), especially in the cornea. His studies elucidate the physiological responses of cold-sensitive neurons and the impact of sensory nerve activity on tear production. Notably, he investigates how conditions like dry eye and ocular surface disorders influence sensory nerve function and the experience of pain. His work also contributes to our understanding of neuroimmune interactions and the physiological mechanisms underlying sensory disorders, employing a combination of experimental models and clinical insights to advance knowledge in sensory neuroscience and ophthalmology. His publications cover the effects of different treatments on ocular discomfort, including the analgesic effects of novel compounds such as arginine-rich peptides on TRPV1 channels. This body of work not only enhances our understanding of corneal sensitivity and nociception but also highlights potential therapeutic targets for managing ocular pain, providing a foundation for future investigations into the neurobiology of ocular discomfort.[17]

Awards, honors, and recognitions

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Carlos Belmonte with his wife and the King of Spain

Belmonte's contributions have been recognized in Spain, among others, with the National Research Award "Rey Jaime I[80]"[2][3][11], the National Prize for Biology and Biomedicine "Severo Ochoa"[11] and the National Award in Medicine "Gregorio Marañón"[3][81], all presented by the Kings of Spain and internationally, with the Luis Federico Leloir Award of the Government of Argentina. In eye research, he was awarded with the EA Balazs Prize of the International Society of Eye Research[82], the ALCON Award[11][81], the EA Balazs Medal of the German Ophthalmological Society, the Eucornea Medal and the European Vision Award.[83]

Belmonte is ARVO Golden Fellow and Honoree of the ARVO Foundation (USA)[84][85]. He is a member of the Academia Europaea,[86] the National Academy of Sciences of Spain[60] and the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur of Mainz[87],Germany, and Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Castilla la Mancha[3][88], Spain and University of Cordoba, Argentina.[89]

Presently, Belmonte continues his academic activities as Emeritus Professor and Senior Researcher at the Instituto de Neurociencias, UMH-CSIC in Alicante, Spain.[65]

Awards, honors, and recognitions
Year Awards, Honors, and Recognitions[61][3][62][60]
2024 Claes Dolman Lecture Speaker, Bienal Cornea Conference, Harvard University[90]
2024 Keynote Speaker, European Dry Eye (EuDEC) Congress, Madrid, Spain[91]
2021 Annual Cajal Lecturer, Real Academia Nacional de Medicina, Madrid, Spain
2019 Endre A. Balazs Medal for Achievements in Ophthalmology, awarded by the Coronis Foundation & Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (DOG)[82]
2018 EuCornea Medal, European Society of Cornea, Vienna, Austria[83]
2017 Nature's Lifelong Mentoring Award[5][4]
2017 ARVO Fellow Gold, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, USA[84][81]
2016 Doctor Honoris Causa, National University of Cordoba, Argentina[15]
2016 Scientific Award in Biomedical Research "Constantes y Vitales," A3 Media, Madrid, Spain[92]
2015 Researcher of the Year, Prize of the Sociedad Española del Dolor, Group on Neuropathic Pain, Spain[93]
2015 Selección Española de la Ciencia 2015, QUO Magazine, Madrid, Spain[94]
2014 Maestro de la III Lección Magistral Andrés Laguna, Fundación Lilly, Spain[95]
2014 Luis Federico Leloir Prize for International Cooperation in Science, Technology, and Innovation, Government of the Republic of Argentina[96][81]
2013 Special Honoree of the ARVO Foundation and Dowling Society, USA[85]
2012 Antonio Gallego Prize, Sociedad Española de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Spain[97][81]
2012 FUNDOLOR Prize for contributions to the study of pain and pain treatment, Valencia, Spain[98]
2011 Distinction for Scientific Merit 2011, Government of the Valencian Community, Spain[99][81]
2011 Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Medicine), Spain[88][3]
2011 Biosanitary Personality of the Year 2011, awarded by the Colegios Profesionales Biosanitarios de Alicante[60]
2011 European Vision Award, European Vision Institute (EVI), Belgium[100]
2009 Medalla de Honor en el ámbito científico, Ateneo Científico Literario y Artístico de Alicante, Spain[101]
2009 ARVO Fellow (FARVO), Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, USA[102][81]
2008 Tribuno del Año, La Tribuna de Albacete, newspaper from Albacete, Spain
2008 Award from Fundación Diógenes for Research on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (E.LA), Alicante, Spain[60]
2008 National Prize for Biomedical Research "Gregorio Marañón," presented by the King of Spain, Spain[81][3]
2008 National Prize Daza Valdés 2007 for a career in vision research from the Fundación Instituto Español de Ciencias Visuales (INCIVI), Madrid, Spain[103]
2007 Gold Medal of the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain[104][81]
2006 Biographical sketch in the "Diccionario Biográfico Español," Real Academia de la Historia, Spain[60]
1999 Ordre National du Lion, Republic of Sénégal[60]
1998 A street in Alicante named "Avenida del Dr. Carlos Belmonte" by the City Hall Council
1998 Award for Research in Neurobiology, "Recognition to Biomedical Sciences in Spain, 1998," Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud, Madrid, Spain[105]
1998 Endre A. Balazs Prize for Ocular Research, awarded by the International Society for Eye Research (ISER)[106][11][81]
1997 Alcon Research Institute Annual Award for Vision Research, Alcon Research Institute, USA[11][81]
1997 Medal "Emilio Diaz Caneja" for excellence in eye research, awarded by IOBA, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain[81]
1996 First National Prize for a Research Career "Cátedra Severo Ochoa," awarded by the Ministry of Education and Science, Spain, and presented by the King of Spain[11]
1992 National Prize "Rey Jaime I" for Research in Neurosciences, presented by the King of Spain[11]
1991 Prize "Alberto Sols" for a research career in the Valencian Community, Spain

Personal life

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Belmonte comes from a distinguished family of Spanish ophthalmologists spanning four generations. His grandfather, Nicolás Belmonte Dumont, was a pioneering ophthalmologist who founded the Belmonte Eye Clinic in Albacete and held prominent roles, including president of the local medical college and a notable political figure during Spain's Second Republic. Nicolás had three sons, Nicolás, Manuel, and José who each pursued significant careers in ophthalmology. Of José's five children, Carlos and his brother José continued the family legacy in medicine.[107]

Belmonte resides in Alicante, where he continues to work in the medical field.[107]

His son, Pablo Belmonte, is also involved in the medical field through the company Newmanbrain.[108], while his other son, Diego Belmonte, works in the same sector with the company i-Onion[9]

Memberships and associations

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Carlos Belmonte has held various elected memberships in academic scientific institutions and the editorial boards of several scientific journals.

Elected official positions[60]
Date Institution Position
2007-2010; 2010- 2013 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)[51] President
1997 - 2000 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)[51] Secretary-General
1992-1996 International Society for Eye Research[109] President
1990-1991 International Society for Eye Research President-Elect
1988-1991 International Society for Eye Research Secretary
1985-1987 International Society for Eye Research Member of the Council
1994 Academia Europaea Member of the Neuroscience Committee
1996 Academia Europaea Member of the Section Committee for Physiology and Medicine
1991-1993 Spanish Society of Neurosciences President
1989-1991 Spanish Society of Neurosciences President-Elect
1987-1991 Spanish Society of Medical Education President
1982-1987 Spanish Society of Medical Education Vice-president
1987-1993 International Society on Arterial Chemoreception Country Representative for Spain
1998 – 2002 International Union of Physiological Sciences IUPS Member of the Somatosensory and Pain Committee
1994-2016 Hellen Keller Eye Research Foundation Member of the Hellen Keller Prize Committee
Editorial board memberships[60]
Dates Journal
2005 – 2016 Pain
2004-present Molecular Pain
1989-2016 The European Journal of Neuroscience
1990-2017 Experimental Eye Research
2013-present Eye & Contact Lens
2012- present Annals of Neurosciences
2008-present Journal of Optometry
2007-present Open Anesthesiology Journal
1985- present Dolor
1975-1998 Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry
1995-2003 Sensory Neuron
1998-2001 Tempo Ophthalmo

The City Hall Council of Alicante named a street "Avenida del Dr. Carlos Belmonte" in his honour.

References

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  1. ^ Belmonte, C. (2011-07-01). "Carlos Belmonte, MD, PhD". The Ocular Surface. 9 (3): 181–183. doi:10.1016/S1542-0124(11)70028-3. ISSN 1542-0124. PMID 21791192.
  2. ^ a b "Carlos Belmonte Martínez", Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure (in Catalan), 2023-04-20, retrieved 2024-10-23
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Miembro de la Academia - Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales". rac.es. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  4. ^ a b c "Mentoring | Nature". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  5. ^ a b "Four Spanish scientists receive the Nature award | Creaf". www.creaf.cat. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
  6. ^ "UCIE". Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
  7. ^ "THEIA™ - fNIRs Portable Device". Newmanbrain. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  8. ^ "Servicio de Comunicación, Marketing y Atención al Estudiantado » La spin-off Newmanbrain del PCUMH recibe el premio internacional iF Design Award por el diseño de su sistema de diagnóstico cerebral THEIA". comunicacion.umh.es. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
  9. ^ a b "I-Onion – A powerful tool to support DED diagnosis" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-11-06.
  10. ^ Belmonte, C. (July 2011). "Carlos Belmonte, MD, PhD". The Ocular Surface. 9 (3): 181–183. doi:10.1016/S1542-0124(11)70028-3. PMID 21791192.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h "The European Vision Awardee 2011: Prof. Carlos Belmonte: vision-research.eu - The Gateway to European Vision Research". www.vision-research.eu. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  12. ^ a b c d Belmonte, C. (2011-07-01). "Carlos Belmonte, MD, PhD". The Ocular Surface. 9 (3): 181–183. doi:10.1016/S1542-0124(11)70028-3. ISSN 1542-0124. PMID 21791192.
  13. ^ Belmonte, C; Eyzaguirre, C (November 1974). "Efferent influences on carotid body chemoreceptors". Journal of Neurophysiology. 37 (6): 1131–1143. doi:10.1152/jn.1974.37.6.1131. ISSN 0022-3077. PMID 4436695.
  14. ^ a b c "Colegio de Emeritos Carlos Belmonte". 2020.
  15. ^ a b "ORCID". orcid.org. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  16. ^ farrelly, gavin (2020-01-29). "EuCornea Medal Lecture". EuCornea. Retrieved 2024-11-04.
  17. ^ a b c "Carlos Belmonte, MD, PhD". scholar.google.es. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  18. ^ Belmonte, Carlos; Carmen Acosta, M.; Gallar, Juana (March 2004). "Neural basis of sensation in intact and injured corneas". Experimental Eye Research. 78 (3): 513–525. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2003.09.023. PMID 15106930.
  19. ^ Belmonte, C. (2011-07-01). "Carlos Belmonte, MD, PhD". The Ocular Surface. 9 (3): 181–183. doi:10.1016/S1542-0124(11)70028-3. ISSN 1542-0124. PMID 21791192.
  20. ^ Brock, J. A.; McLachlan, E. M.; Belmonte, C. (1998-10-01). "Tetrodotoxin-resistant impulses in single nociceptor nerve terminals in guinea-pig cornea". The Journal of Physiology. 512 ( Pt 1) (Pt 1): 211–217. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.211bf.x. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 2231175. PMID 9729630.
  21. ^ De Castro, Fernando; Silos-Santiago, Inmaculada; De Armentia, Mikel López; Barbacid, Mariano; Belmonte, Carlos (January 1998). "Corneal innervation and sensitivity to noxious stimuli in trk A knockout mice". European Journal of Neuroscience. 10 (1): 146–152. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00037.x. ISSN 0953-816X. PMID 9753121.
  22. ^ López de Armentia, M; Cabanes, C; Belmonte, C (November 2000). "Electrophysiological properties of identified trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the cornea of the mouse". Neuroscience. 101 (4): 1109–1115. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00440-1. PMID 11113359.
  23. ^ Piña, Ricardo; Ugarte, Gonzalo; Campos, Matías; Íñigo-Portugués, Almudena; Olivares, Erick; Orio, Patricio; Belmonte, Carlos; Bacigalupo, Juan; Madrid, Rodolfo (2019-10-09). "Role of TRPM8 Channels in Altered Cold Sensitivity of Corneal Primary Sensory Neurons Induced by Axonal Damage". The Journal of Neuroscience. 39 (41): 8177–8192. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0654-19.2019. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6786815. PMID 31471469.
  24. ^ Arcas, José Miguel; González, Alejandro; Gers-Barlag, Katharina; González-González, Omar; Bech, Federico; Demirkhanyan, Lusine; Zakharian, Eleonora; Belmonte, Carlos; Gomis, Ana; Viana, Félix (2019-02-06). "The Immunosuppressant Macrolide Tacrolimus Activates Cold-Sensing TRPM8 Channels". The Journal of Neuroscience. 39 (6): 949–969. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1726-18.2018. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6363935. PMID 30545944.
  25. ^ Alcalde, Ignacio; Íñigo-Portugués, Almudena; González-González, Omar; Almaraz, Laura; Artime, Enol; Morenilla-Palao, Cruz; Gallar, Juana; Viana, Félix; Merayo-Lloves, Jesús; Belmonte, Carlos (August 2018). "Morphological and functional changes in TRPM8-expressing corneal cold thermoreceptor neurons during aging and their impact on tearing in mice". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 526 (11): 1859–1874. doi:10.1002/cne.24454. hdl:11000/5230. ISSN 0021-9967. PMID 29664111.
  26. ^ Quallo, Talisia; Vastani, Nisha; Horridge, Elisabeth; Gentry, Clive; Parra, Andres; Moss, Sian; Viana, Felix; Belmonte, Carlos; Andersson, David A.; Bevan, Stuart (2015-05-22). "TRPM8 is a neuronal osmosensor that regulates eye blinking in mice". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 7150. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7150Q. doi:10.1038/ncomms8150. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4455064. PMID 25998021.
  27. ^ Zhang, Xuming; Mak, Stephanie; Li, Lin; Parra, Andres; Denlinger, Bristol; Belmonte, Carlos; McNaughton, Peter A. (August 2012). "Direct inhibition of the cold-activated TRPM8 ion channel by Gαq". Nature Cell Biology. 14 (8): 851–858. doi:10.1038/ncb2529. ISSN 1465-7392. PMC 3428855. PMID 22750945.
  28. ^ Pertusa, María; Madrid, Rodolfo; Morenilla-Palao, Cruz; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Félix (May 2012). "N-Glycosylation of TRPM8 Ion Channels Modulates Temperature Sensitivity of Cold Thermoreceptor Neurons". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (22): 18218–18229. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.312645. PMC 3365712. PMID 22493431.
  29. ^ Valero, Maria; Morenilla-Palao, Cruz; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Felix (2010-11-05). "Pharmacological and functional properties of TRPM8 channels in prostate tumor cells". Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology. 461 (1): 99–114. doi:10.1007/s00424-010-0895-0. ISSN 0031-6768. PMID 21052713.
  30. ^ Madrid, Rodolfo; de la Peña, Elvira; Donovan-Rodriguez, Tansy; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Félix (2009-03-11). "Variable Threshold of Trigeminal Cold-Thermosensitive Neurons Is Determined by a Balance between TRPM8 and Kv1 Potassium Channels". The Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (10): 3120–3131. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4778-08.2009. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6666436. PMID 19279249.
  31. ^ Mälkiä, Annika; Madrid, Rodolfo; Meseguer, Victor; De La Peña, Elvira; Valero, María; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Félix (2007-05-15). "Bidirectional shifts of TRPM8 channel gating by temperature and chemical agents modulate the cold sensitivity of mammalian thermoreceptors". The Journal of Physiology. 581 (1): 155–174. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.123059. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 2075222. PMID 17317754.
  32. ^ Madrid, Rodolfo; Donovan-Rodríguez, Tansy; Meseguer, Victor; Acosta, Mari Carmen; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Félix (2006-11-29). "Contribution of TRPM8 Channels to Cold Transduction in Primary Sensory Neurons and Peripheral Nerve Terminals". The Journal of Neuroscience. 26 (48): 12512–12525. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3752-06.2006. PMC 6674899. PMID 17135413.
  33. ^ De La Peña, Elvira; Mälkiä, Annika; Cabedo, Hugo; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Félix (September 2005). "The contribution of TRPM8 channels to cold sensing in mammalian neurones". The Journal of Physiology. 567 (2): 415–426. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.086546. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1474199. PMID 15961432.
  34. ^ Kovács, Illés; Luna, Carolina; Quirce, Susana; Mizerska, Kamila; Callejo, Gerard; Riestra, Ana; Fernández-Sánchez, Laura; Meseguer, Victor M.; Cuenca, Nicolás; Merayo-Lloves, Jesús; Acosta, M. Carmen; Gasull, Xavier; Belmonte, Carlos; Gallar, Juana (February 2016). "Abnormal activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors underlies the unpleasant sensations in dry eye disease". Pain. 157 (2): 399–417. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000455. ISSN 0304-3959. PMC 4733818. PMID 26675826.
  35. ^ Bourcier, Tristan; Acosta, M. Carmen; Borderie, Vincent; Borra´s, Fernando; Gallar, Juana; Bury, Thierry; Laroche, Laurent; Belmonte, Carlos (2005-07-01). "Decreased Corneal Sensitivity in Patients with Dry Eye". Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science. 46 (7): 2341–2345. doi:10.1167/iovs.04-1426. hdl:10261/296118. ISSN 1552-5783. PMID 15980220.
  36. ^ Fajardo, Otto; Meseguer, Victor; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Felix (2008-11-30). "TRPA1 channels: Novel targets of 1,4-dihydropyridines". Channels. 2 (6): 429–438. doi:10.4161/chan.2.6.7126. ISSN 1933-6950. PMID 18971630.
  37. ^ Fajardo, Otto; Meseguer, Victor; Belmonte, Carlos; Viana, Félix (2008-07-30). "TRPA1 Channels Mediate Cold Temperature Sensing in Mammalian Vagal Sensory Neurons: Pharmacological and Genetic Evidence". The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (31): 7863–7875. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1696-08.2008. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6670374. PMID 18667618.
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  39. ^ de la Peña, Elvira; Gomis, Ana; Ferrer-Montiel, Antonio; Belmonte, Carlos (2016-03-03). "TRPV1 channel modulation by hyaluronan reduces pain". Channels. 10 (2): 81–82. doi:10.1080/19336950.2015.1109300. ISSN 1933-6950. PMC 4960985. PMID 26517313.
  40. ^ Caires, Rebeca; Luis, Enoch; Taberner, Francisco J.; Fernandez-Ballester, Gregorio; Ferrer-Montiel, Antonio; Balazs, Endre A.; Gomis, Ana; Belmonte, Carlos; de la Peña, Elvira (2015-08-27). "Hyaluronan modulates TRPV1 channel opening, reducing peripheral nociceptor activity and pain". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 8095. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.8095C. doi:10.1038/ncomms9095. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 4560824. PMID 26311398.
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  42. ^ García-Martínez, Carolina; Fernández-Carvajal, Asia; Valenzuela, Belen; Gomis, Ana; Van Den Nest, Wim; Ferroni, Stefano; Carreño, Cristina; Belmonte, Carlos; Ferrer-Montiel, Antonio (October 2006). "Design and Characterization of a Noncompetitive Antagonist of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subunit 1 Channel With In Vivo Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity". The Journal of Pain. 7 (10): 735–746. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.03.008. ISSN 1526-5900. PMID 17018334.
  43. ^ Kovács, Illés; Dienes, Lóránt; Perényi, Kristóf; Quirce, Susana; Luna, Carolina; Mizerska, Kamila; Acosta, M. Carmen; Belmonte, Carlos; Gallar, Juana (2016-09-15). "Lacosamide diminishes dryness-induced hyperexcitability of corneal cold sensitive nerve terminals". European Journal of Pharmacology. 787: 2–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.044. ISSN 1879-0712. PMID 27263827.
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  47. ^ Neira-Zalentein, Waldir; Holopainen; M. T. Tervo; Borrás; Acosta; Belmonte; Gallar (2011). "Corneal Sensitivity in Diabetic Patients Subjected to Retinal Laser Photocoagulation". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 52 (8): 6043–6049. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-7054. PMID 21447686.
  48. ^ Gomis, A.; Miralles, A.; Schmidt, R. F.; Belmonte, C. (June 2009). "Intra-articular injections of hyaluronan solutions of different elastoviscosity reduce nociceptive nerve activity in a model of osteoarthritic knee joint of the guinea pig". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 17 (6): 798–804. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2008.11.013. ISSN 1522-9653. PMID 19103502.
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