Danish Runic Inscription 331
Gårdstånga runestone DR 331 is a runestone located at Runstenshögen ("the runestone mound") in Lundagård, in Lund.
The stone was discovered in 1867 in the wall of Gårdstånga church. It was sent in 1868 to Lund together with runestone DR 330 discovered at the same time. The last sign in the inscription is not a rune, but it has been interpreted as Thor's Hammer, and in that case it was a pagan manifestation against the newly arrived Christian faith.[1]
Other surviving runestones or inscriptions depicting Thor's hammer include runestones U 1161 in Altuna, Sö 86 in Åby, Sö 111 in Stenkvista, Vg 113 in Lärkegapet, Öl 1 in Karlevi, DR 26 in Laeborg, DR 48 in Hanning, and DR 120 in Spentrup.[2][3]
Inscription
[edit]Below follows a presentation of the runestones based on the Rundata project. The transcriptions into Old Norse are in the Swedish and Danish dialect to facilitate comparison with the inscriptions, while the English translation provided by Rundata gives the names in the de facto standard dialect (the Icelandic and Norwegian dialect):
Latin transliteration:
- asur · sati × stina × þisi : iftiR ¶ tuba: ?
Old Norse transcription:
- Assur satti stena þæssi æftiR Tobba (?).
English translation:
- "Ôzurr placed these stones in memory of Tobbi"
References
[edit]- ^ Enoksen, Lars-Magnar, Skånska runstenar (Lund 1999) s.90 f.
- ^ Holtgård, Anders (1998). "Runeninschriften und Runendenkmäler als Quellen der Religionsgeschichte". In Düwel, Klaus; Nowak, Sean (eds.). Runeninschriften als Quellen Interdisziplinärer Forschung: Abhandlungen des Vierten Internationalen Symposiums über Runen und Runeninschriften in Göttingen vom 4–9 August 1995. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 727. ISBN 3110154552. Archived from the original on 10 November 2015.
- ^ McKinnell, John; Simek, Rudolf; Düwel, Klaus (2004). "Gods and Mythological Beings in the Younger Futhark". Runes, Magic and Religion: A Sourcebook (PDF). Vienna: Fassbaender. pp. 116–133. ISBN 3900538816. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-18.
Sources
[edit]- Enoksen, Lars-Magnar, Skånska runstenar (Lund 1999) s.90 f.
- Rundata project