Jump to content

Coffee Crater

Coordinates: 57°38′N 130°40′W / 57.63°N 130.67°W / 57.63; -130.67
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coffee Crater
Coffee Crater from the south
Highest point
Elevation2,000 m (6,600 ft)[1]
Coordinates57°38′N 130°40′W / 57.63°N 130.67°W / 57.63; -130.67[2]
Geography
Coffee Crater is located in British Columbia
Coffee Crater
Coffee Crater
Location in British Columbia
Map
Location in Mount Edziza Provincial Park
CountryCanada[3]
ProvinceBritish Columbia[3]
DistrictCassiar Land District[4]
Protected areaMount Edziza Provincial Park[4]
Parent rangeTahltan Highland[3]
Topo mapNTS 104G10 Mount Edziza[4]
Geology
Formed byVolcanism[5]
Mountain typeCinder cone[2]
Rock type(s)Alkali basalt, hawaiite[6]
Last eruptionHolocene age[2]

Coffee Crater is a cinder cone in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has an elevation of 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) and is one of several volcanic cones in the Snowshoe Lava Field at the southern end of the Big Raven Plateau. The cone is southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek in Mount Edziza Provincial Park, which is one of the largest provincial parks in British Columbia. The climate in the area is characterized by warm summers and cold, snowy winters. However, temperatures can drop below freezing during summer nights, making snow or freezing rain a possibility at any time of the year.

Coffee Crater is a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, which consists of diverse landforms such as shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, lava domes and cinder cones. The cone contains a volcanic crater and was the source of a lava flow that ponded against and partially overrode stagnant ice on the Big Raven Plateau. Part of the lava flow collapsed after the underlying stagnant ice melted away, forming an 18-metre-high (59-foot) escarpment. Coffee Crater is surrounded by a number of other volcanic features, including Cocoa Crater, Keda Cone, Punch Cone, Cartoona Peak and Kaia Bluff.

Name and etymology

[edit]

The first recorded use of Coffee Crater was on a 1929 British Columbia map dubbed 5C. It was then adopted on the National Topographic System map 104G on May 6, 1954.[4] In his 1992 report The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia, Canadian volcanologist Jack Souther gave Coffee Crater the numeronym SLF-7, SLF being an acronym for the Snowshoe Lava Field.[7] Coffee is a reference to the cone's deep colours.[8]

Geography

[edit]

Coffee Crater is located in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada, just south of Mount Edziza at the southern end of the Big Raven Plateau.[3][4][9] It has an elevation of 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) and is one of several volcanic cones in the Snowshoe Lava Field, which is one of the largest areas of Holocene lava flows in the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.[1][6][10] The volcanic complex consists of a group of overlapping shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, lava domes and cinder cones that have formed over the last 7.5 million years.[11] As its name suggests, Coffee Crater contains a volcanic crater; such features are common among cinder cones.[1][12] The cone is just south of Tencho Glacier, the largest glacier of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.[6][13]

Coffee Crater is surrounded by a number of other landforms within the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. About 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) northwest and south-southwest of Coffee Crater are Cocoa Crater and Keda Cone, respectively, both of which are also in the Snowshoe Lava Field. Punch Cone, an older volcanic feature, is about 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) north-northwest of Coffee Crater. Cartoona Peak about 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) southeast of Coffee Crater and Kaia Bluff about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) east-northeast of the cone are the remains of an even older and larger volcano dubbed Gamma Peak.[6]

Geology

[edit]

As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Coffee Crater lies within a broad area of volcanoes and lava flows called the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, which extends from northwestern British Columbia northwards through Yukon into easternmost Alaska.[6][14] The dominant rocks comprising these volcanoes are alkali basalts and hawaiites, but nephelinite, basanite and peralkaline phonolite, trachyte and comendite are locally abundant. These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as a few hundred years ago. The cause of volcanic activity in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to rifting of the North American Cordillera driven by changes in relative plate motion between the North American and Pacific plates.[15]

Coffee Crater is a basaltic cinder cone of the Big Raven Formation, the youngest stratigraphic unit of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.[2][6] The construction of Coffee Crater took place during the Holocene and was accompanied by the eruption of lava and tephra.[6][16] It overlies a broad lobe of Kakiddi Formation trachyte which likely issued from Punch Cone in the north-northwest on the southwestern flank of Ice Peak.[6][17] Edziza obsidian associated with the Armadillo Formation occurs adjacent to Coffee Crater.[18]

Coffee Crater was the source of a lava flow that travelled to the southwest.[19] The northern edge of the terminal lobe of this lava flow is bounded by an 18-metre-high (59-foot) escarpment which likely formed by collapse after the lava flow ponded against and partially overrode stagnant ice on the Big Raven Plateau.[6][20] Exposed in the escarpment are pillows, radial columnar jointing and minor tuff breccia.[20]

Provincial park

[edit]

Coffee Crater lies in Mount Edziza Provincial Park southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek.[4] With an area of 266,180 hectares (657,700 acres), Mount Edziza Provincial Park is one of the largest provincial parks in British Columbia and was established in 1972 to showcase the volcanic landscape.[8][21] It includes not only the Mount Edziza area, but also the Spectrum Range to the south, which are separated by Raspberry Pass.[3][8] Mount Edziza Provincial Park is in the Tahltan Highland, a southeast-trending upland area extending along the western side of the Stikine Plateau.[3][22]

Wildlife in the area includes moose, caribou, mountain goats, stone sheep, wolves, bears, squirrels, owls, ptarmigans, ravens, gyrfalcons, grouse and migratory songbirds. The climate is characterized by warm summers and cold, snowy winters; temperatures are warmest in mid-summer during the day when they may hit the 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) range. However, temperatures can drop below freezing during summer nights, making snow or freezing rain a possibility at any time of the year.[8]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Global Volcanism Program: Edziza, Synonyms & Subfeatures.
  2. ^ a b c d Natural Resources Canada: Coffee Crater.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1989.
  4. ^ a b c d e f BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater.
  5. ^ Souther 1992, p. 27.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Souther 1988.
  7. ^ Souther 1992, p. 214.
  8. ^ a b c d BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park.
  9. ^ BC Geographical Names: Cassiar Land District.
  10. ^ Souther 1992, pp. 214, 229.
  11. ^ Souther 1990, pp. 124, 125.
  12. ^ United States Geological Survey 2011.
  13. ^ BC Geographical Names: Tencho Glacier.
  14. ^ Edwards & Russell 2000, pp. 1280, 1281, 1283, 1284.
  15. ^ Edwards & Russell 2000, p. 1280.
  16. ^ Souther 1992, pp. 27, 207.
  17. ^ Souther 1992, p. 210.
  18. ^ Reiner 2015, p. 419.
  19. ^ Souther 1992, p. 231.
  20. ^ a b Souther 1992, pp. 231, 232.
  21. ^ Holland 1976, p. 49.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Coffee_Crater&oldid=1272714864"