Chlorurus frontalis
Chlorurus frontalis | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Labriformes |
Family: | Scaridae |
Genus: | Chlorurus |
Species: | C. frontalis
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Binomial name | |
Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840)
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Synonyms | |
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Chlorurus frontalis, also known as Pacific slopehead parrotfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a parrotfish from the family Scaridae.[2][3]
Distribution
[edit]The main habitat of this species is in north to the Ryukyu Islands to the Line and Ducie islands and south to the Great Barrier Reef, Pacific Ocean.[2][4]
This species is also found in Wake Island,[5] Tonga,[6] Tahiti,[7] Solomon Island, Pitcairn Island,[8] Samoa,[9] Papua New Guinea,[10] Northern Marianas,[11] Marshall Islands,[11] Palau,[5] New Caledonia,[12] Micronesia,[13] French Polynesia,[14] Kiribati,[11] Palau,[5] Guam,[11] Cook Island,[15] Australia,[16] American Samoa,[9] Taiwan,[17] Vietnam,[18] Japan,[19] Philippines,[11] Palau,[5] Coral Sea,[20] Kuroshio Current,[21] Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea,[22] South China Sea,[23] Yellow Sea,[23] and Tubbataha Reefs.[24][25]
Biology
[edit]This species is often seen in small schools on exposed reef flats and seaward reefs.[26] They feed on benthic algae.[27]
Description
[edit]Chlorurus frontalis has nine dorsal spines, ten dorsal soft rays, three anal spines and nine anal soft rays. Coloration changes slowly with growth. The light green patch on the caudal peduncle is present on individuals as small as 15 cm and the distinctive tan facial markings are on most individuals above 20 cm. Large males develop a near-vertical forehead profile and long lobes and a well-developed lunate caudal fin.[28][29][2]
Environment
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It is a tropical, marine, reef-associated fish. This species is usually found 10m to 40m below sea level. Its ideal range is between 30°N to 25°S.[30]
Reproduction
[edit]This species is monogamous and oviparous. They pair up distinctly during breeding. [31][32][33][34]
Relationship with humans
[edit]This species is sometimes kept in aquariums.[2] There has been reports of ciguatera poisonings.[35]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Choat, J.H.; Carpenter, K.E.; Clements, K.D.; Rocha, L.A.; Russell, B.; Myers, R.; Lazuardi, M.E.; Muljadi, A.; Pardede, S.; Rahardjo, P. (2012). "Chlorurus frontalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T190762A17775510. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T190762A17775510.en. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
- ^ a b c d "Chlorurus frontalis summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2025-01-24.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-01-24.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-26.
- ^ a b c d "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1999". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua and B.S. Mann, 2003". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Randall, J.E., 1997". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala, 2014". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ a b "Reference Summary - Wass, R.C., 1984". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann, 2012". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ a b c d e "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Kulbicki, M., J.E. Randall and J. Rivaton, 1994". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Smith, A. and P. Dalzell, 1993". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre, 2006". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - McCormack, G., 2000". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Shao, K.-T., S.-C. Shen, T.-S. Chiu and C.-S. Tzeng, 1992". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Dantis, A.L. and P.M. Aliño (comps.), 2002". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ a b "Reference Summary - Shao, K.-T., S.-C. Shen, T.-S. Chiu and C.-S. Tzeng, 1992". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Songco, A., 2019". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Country List - Chlorurus frontalis". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre, 2006". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Myers, R.F., 1991". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-30.
- ^ "Morphology Summary - Chlorurus frontalis". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-30.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- ^ "Reproduction Summary - Chlorurus frontalis". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- ^ "Reference Summary - SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
- ^ "Reference Summary - Rongo, T. and R. van Woesik, 2011". fishbase.se. Retrieved 2025-01-30.
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