Casey William Hardison
Casey William Hardison (born 1971) is an American chemist convicted in the United Kingdom in 2005 of six offences involving psychedelic drugs: three of production, two of possession, and one of exportation.[1][2]
Background
[edit]Hardison was born in Washington state in the summer of 1971.[3] He is committed to the entheogenic use of psychedelic substances.[4]
Research
[edit]In 2000, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies published in its bulletin Hardison's "An Amateur Qualitative Study of 48 2C-T-7 Subjective Bioassays." According to Hardison, 2C-T-7 is "a fairly novel entheogenic compound that has been used in a limited context as an adjunct in psychedelic psychotherapy since 1986."[5]
Activism
[edit]The Drug Equality Alliance, a nonprofit organization working to secure equal rights and protections for drug users, was set up by lawyer Darryl Bickler inspired by Hardison's legal arguments.[6]
Crimes
[edit]After moving to Brighton, Hardison illegally manufactured three class A drugs: 2C-B, DMT, and LSD.[7] Having set up a laboratory in his rented bungalow,[7] he used £38,386 worth of chemical ingredients to produce hallucinogenic tablets with a street value of up to £5m.[8]
Arrest
[edit]In July 2003, Hardison sent two packages to the U.S. During a random inspection at the FedEx hub in Memphis, Tennessee,[9] officials found four bags of MDMA (Ecstasy) hidden between pages of a magazine. MDMA is a psychoactive drug used primarily as a recreational drug at parties and raves.[7][8] Thus alerted, British authorities monitored Hardison until arresting him near Brighton in February 2004.[8]
Legal proceedings
[edit]The case was complicated by the involvement of U.S. law enforcement agents, some of whom attended the trial as witnesses. Hardison represented himself in court.[2]
Pre-trial arguments
[edit]Hardison challenged the drug laws as violating his cognitive liberty and his rights to freedom of thought, therapy and religion,[4] contending that his basic human rights and liberties were violated by his arrest, detention and prosecution. In response, the judge of the Crown Court wrote, "I have come to the sure and clear conclusion that Mr. Hardison's arguments are misconceived and I reject each and every one of the Human Rights arguments."[10]
Trial and conviction
[edit]In March 2005, after a 10-week trial at Lewes Crown Court,[9] the jury found Hardison guilty. Calling him a "dangerous individual," the judge said Hardison was motivated by greed and set up his ‘illegal’ drug factory[1]—which a chemist from the Forensic Science Service called the most complex laboratory he had ever encountered[9]—in the UK because U.S. drug laws were "too hot." The court was told Hardison's father used proceeds of his son's crimes to buy a yacht.[1]
Sentence
[edit]In April 2005, Hardison was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment in the UK with a recommendation that he be deported upon his release.[2][7]
Appeals
[edit]In May 2006, the Court of Appeal of England and Wales rejected Hardison's first application for leave to appeal, finding that none of his grounds had sufficient merit. In his decision, Justice Keith wrote that Hardison's criminal enterprise "was not an amateurish operation in a garden shed. It was a careful and calculated attempt to introduce new synthetic drugs onto the UK market which could have reaped great financial rewards."[9]
Subsequently, the House of Lords (then the court of last resort for UK criminal law) refused Hardison's final appeal, and his similar appeal to the European Court of Human Rights likewise failed.[4]
Prison life
[edit]Hardison found drugs readily available in prison. "LSD, 2C-B, DMT, pharmahuasca, research chemicals, kratom, cannabis, home-brewed alcohol—I did a whole bunch of shit in there," he told Vice in 2014. "Drugs are more available in prison than they would be for the common man trying to find them on the street. And the British prison system is fairly gentle—it's pretty damn civilized."[3]
Release
[edit]Following his release from prison in May 2013,[4] Hardison was deported from the UK to the U.S.[3] After living in Victor, Idaho,[11] he moved to Northern California.[12]
Post-incarceration
[edit]Death of Anthony Birkholz
[edit]On January 17, 2017, in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, after drinking heavily, Hardison and two other men consumed a substance believed by the Teton County, Wyoming coroner to be the psychedelic drug 5-MeO-DMT.[13] One of the men, artist and filmmaker Anthony Birkholz,[14] died from aspiration of vomitus secondary to food, alcohol and 5-MeO-DMT ingestion. The jury at the coroner's inquest found that Birkholz's death was accidental but could have been prevented.[13][15] Hardison called 5-MeO-DMT "a very rare, beautiful experience," but admitted he hadn't done any since the night Birkholz died. "Looking back now," he said, "I'm not so charmed."[16]
Aftermath
[edit]A day after Birkholz's death, Hardison launched a GoFundMe page, "Tony Birkholz Slips the Mortal Coil," raising $6,100.[citation needed] "This campaign," Hardison wrote, "intends to raise memorial funds and to ensure his remains reach his intended destination. Any remaining funds will be donated to the Buffalo Field Campaign, West Yellowstone, Montana, in the fight to protect the last remaining wild buffalo." After several hundred people attended a vigil at the Pink Garter,[14] a music venue and cocktail lounge in Jackson, Wyoming,[17] Hardison said part of the $6,100 raised online paid for the open bar that night. None of the remaining $3,900, however, was immediately donated as pledged to the Buffalo Field Campaign.
Arrest in Idaho
[edit]In February 2017, Hardison was stopped in Bellevue, Idaho, for speeding. After a drug-sniffing dog detected controlled drugs, police searched Hardison's vehicle. They found $7,928 in cash, about two pounds (≈ 0.9 kg) of marijuana, a half gram of cocaine and what was believed to be heroin. However, tests by the Idaho State Police labs determined that the suspected substance was not heroin.[11] Hardison admitted that half of the $7,928 in cash was the missing GoFundMe money collected to honor Tony Birkholz.[14] On March 21, Hardison pleaded not guilty to charges stemming from the traffic stop.[11]
In June 2017, a member of Birkholz's family filed a complaint with the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center accusing Hardison of fraud.[14] The $3,900 donation to the Buffalo Field Campaign in honor of Anthony Birkholz was finally made in September 2020.[18]
In August 2017, all charges against Hardison, including three felony counts and one misdemeanor, were dismissed after a judge ruled that the traffic stop was unconstitutionally delayed without reasonable suspicion, allowing a canine officer time to detect the presence of controlled substances.[12]
Attempted arrest in Wyoming
[edit]According to the Jackson Hole News & Guide, on August 6, 2018, police attempted to arrest Hardison for selling a large quantity of marijuana to an undercover officer. However, Hardison eluded them after a high-speed chase.[19]
Arrest in California
[edit]On July 28, 2020, Hardison was arrested in Yorkville, CA, by the Mendocino County Sheriff's Office. A $500,000 Fugitive From Justice warrant saw Hardison extradited back to Jackson, to face charges stemming from the botched sting operation by Wyoming officers.[20] On November 17, 2020, in his defense, Hardison planned to present a motion to Dismiss the Indictment based on the premise that the Wyoming Controlled Substances Act, W.S. § 35-7-1001 et seq., ("the Act") violates his due process and equal protection rights guaranteed by the Wyoming Constitution and the Constitution for the United States of America.[21]
Arrest in Black Rock City, Nevada
[edit]On September 2, 2024, Hardison was arrested at the annual Burning Man festival by the Pershing County Sheriff's Office for Sexual Assault, Arrest on Other-Agency Warrant, and for Possession of Scheduled (1) or (2) C/S LT 14 Grams, 1st or 2nd Offense. The Arrest on Other-Agency Warrant was due to an outstanding warrant related to the prior Wyoming charges, after Casey again left the Jackson Hole area before his legal situation was resolved.[22] [23]
2024 presidential campaign
[edit]In a January 22, 2021 interview with the Jackson Hole News&Guide, Casey Hardison announced his 2024 bid for president. Before he slipped underground again, Hardison had planned to run for President in the forthcoming general election as a candidate for a revived Democratic-Republican Party, originally founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1792.[24]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "DIY chemist jailed for 20 years". BBC. April 22, 2005. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
- ^ a b c "R v Casey Hardison" (PDF). CPS Sussex Annual Report 2004-2005: 6. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
- ^ a b c "The Psychedelic 'Drugs Wizard' Who Ran One of England's Biggest LSD Labs". Vice. October 29, 2014. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Erowid Casey William Hardison Vault". Erowid. August 2, 2007. Archived from the original on August 5, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
- ^ Hardison, Casey (Summer 2000). "An Amateur Qualitative Study of 48 2C-T-7 Subjective Bioassays". Bulletin of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). 10 (2): 11. Archived from the original on August 5, 2007. Retrieved August 12, 2007.
- ^ "Drug Equality Alliance - Background". 2008. Archived from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
- ^ a b c d Cridland, Ali (January 21, 2005). "Drugs wizard gets 20 years". Brighton Argus. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 13, 2006.
- ^ a b c "DIY chemist guilty of making drug". BBC. March 18, 2005. Archived from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2007.
- ^ a b c d "R v Casey Hardison" (PDF). HMCS Court of Appeal of England and Wales. May 25, 2006. Archived from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
- ^ "R v Casey Hardison" (PDF). HMCS Lewes Crown Court. January 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
- ^ a b c Thorne, Ryan (March 31, 2017). "Victor man pleads not guilty to felony drug charges". Idaho Mountain Express. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ^ a b Murdock, Joshua (September 15, 2017). "Charges dropped in alleged drug bust". Idaho Mountain Express. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ^ a b "Coroner's Inquest rules death of Birkholz accidental but possibly preventable". Buckrail. May 18, 2017. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Mieure, Emily (June 7, 2017). "Memorial cash confiscated by police". Jackson Hole News&Guide. Archived from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
- ^ Chambers, Jessica Sell (May 31, 2017). "In Birkholz death, alcohol, drug abuse were largely glossed over". Planet Jackson Hole. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- ^ Mieure, Emily (May 24, 2017). "Inquest: Death wasn't natural". Jackson Hole News&Guide. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- ^ "Cocktails & Creatives". Pink Garter Theatre. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ^ "Teton County inmate challenging state drug laws". September 23, 2020. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
- ^ "Cops say drug suspect eluded them in chase". jhnewsand guide.com. August 8, 2018. Archived from the original on August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- ^ "Returned Jackson fugitive to represent self". Gillette News Record. Wyoming News Exchange. September 1, 2020. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Osei-Tutu, Demetria (September 3, 2024). "Burning Man 2024 mugshots: Inside all of the arrests of the 2024 festival". The Mirror US News. a Reach plc subsidiary. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ O'Toole, Scarlett (September 3, 2024). "Man arrested on final day of Burning Man Festival for sexual assault and drug possession". The Mirror US News. a Reach plc subsidiary. Retrieved September 4, 2024.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Casey Hardison is presidential hopeful Felonies do not disqualify candidate who aims to restart party defunct since the 1820s". jhnewsand guide.com. February 3, 2021. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
External links
[edit]- Charlotte Walsh Interviews Casey Hardison Breaking Convention 2013.
- The Psychedelic Salon interview The Case for Cognitive Liberty, Sasha Shulgin Farm 2017