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BMW 7 Series (G11)

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BMW 7 Series (G11/G12)
Overview
ManufacturerBMW
ProductionJuly 2013 – 2022
Model years2016–2022
Assembly
DesignerNader Faghihzadeh[1]
Alexey Kezha (facelift)[2]
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size luxury car (F)
Body style4-door sedan
Layout
RelatedBMW 5 Series (G30)
BMW 6 Series (G32)
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission8-speed automatic
Hybrid drivetrainPlug-in hybrid
Dimensions
Wheelbase3,070 mm (120.9 in)
3,210 mm (126.4 in) (LWB; G12)
Length5,098–5,268 mm (200.7–207.4 in)
Width1,902 mm (74.9 in)
Height1,467–1,479 mm (57.8–58.2 in)
Kerb weight1,755–2,255 kg (3,869–4,971 lb)[3]
Chronology
PredecessorBMW 7 Series (F01)
SuccessorBMW 7 Series (G70)

The sixth generation of the BMW 7 Series consists of the BMW G11 (short-wheelbase version) and BMW G12 (long-wheelbase version) luxury saloons. The G11/G12 generation was produced by BMW from 2015 to 2022, and is often collectively referred to as the G11.

The G11 was unveiled on 10 June 2015 at BMW's headquarters in Munich.[4] An official public reveal took place at the 2015 International Motor Show Germany. This generation of the 7 Series is the first car lineup of BMW to be based on the CLAR platform.[5] The CLAR platform adopts technology first introduced in BMW i models, namely the introduction of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer as structural chassis components. Long-wheelbase cars have the letter "L" in their model name.[6]

As part of BMW's strategy of introducing plug-in hybrid variants for all future car models,[7] the short and long-wheelbase models were available with hybrid powertrains as 740e and 740Le in 2016.[8]

Development and launch

[edit]

The international launch of the new BMW 7 Series was at the 2015 Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Held in September 2015. The lead exterior designer is Nader Faghihzadeh[9] and Alexey Kezha (facelift).[10]

Production commenced in July 2015 at the Dingolfing manufacturing plant in Germany,[11] with global vehicle sales starting in October 2015.[12][13][14]

Design

[edit]
Exclusive
M Sport with M Performance side skirts
BMW 750Li long wheelbase (named 750i in the United States)

The G11 and G12, which are the respective codenames for the short and long wheelbase models, are the first passenger BMW vehicles to be based on the modular BMW CLAR (cluster architecture) platform.[15]

The passenger cell of the 7 Series is made of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP), tensile steel and aluminium, resulting in a lower curb weight, lower centre of gravity and maintaining a 50/50 axle load distribution. The usage of CFRP allows for weight reduction due to being lighter than steel and aluminium. CFRP also increases structural strength in areas exposed to high steering forces, as it is capable of diverting impact forces to prevent deformations of the material, resulting in higher torsional rigidity.[16] Aluminium has been applied to the doors, boot lid, brake system, wheel hubs and rear suspension arms, further reducing weight and unsprung masses. The G11's body weighs overall 40 kg (88 lb) less than that of its predecessor.[17]

The front features a large signature kidney grille incorporating grille shutters that will only open when an increase of air flow to the engine bay is required, decreasing aerodynamic drag in the process. Along with air openings behind the front wheel arches that reduce turbulence in the wheel housings, the drag coefficient has been reduced to 0.24cd.[18]

The standard self-levelling air suspension of the previous model has been reworked, featuring air springs at both axles with electronically-controlled shock absorbers that can automatically adjust damping according to the environment. The active anti-roll system is optionally available with an electro-hydraulic actuator that improves damper reaction times. For the first time, four-wheel steering, marketed as Integral Active Steering, has also become available for all-wheel drive models.[19]

Equipment

[edit]
Interior (740d xDrive)

The iDrive operating system 6.0 for secondary car controls now receives user input from a conventional control wheel, touchscreen, voice commands[20] and is capable of recognizing gestures through a 3D scanner, known as the Gesture Control. It is also possible to save a gesture movement with an individual function.

A number of advanced driver assistance systems for the BMW 7 Series have been reworked to work autonomously or partly so—the parking system utilises a number of radar sensors and a stereo camera at the rear, allowing it to execute parking manoeuvres independently and can be operated with a digital key fob. The cruise control driver assist is able to recognize speed limits and will adjust the vehicle's speed accordingly. The lane driving assist warns the driver of possible side or rear collisions. In addition, it is able to detect lane markings and traffic, as well as alter the steering responsiveness to improve driving comfort.[21]

All models can be fitted with M Performance Parts. The parts are a black grille, carbon fibre mirrors, side skirts and sport brakes for facelift models.

Engines

[edit]

The powertrain line-up consists of a 4.4 litre V8 engine and three engines from BMW's modular B-series engine architecture—two 3.0 litre inline-six engines in petrol and diesel form, as well a 2.0 litre inline-four engine including the hybrid model designated as 740e/740Le, 730i/730Li for the petrol version and 725d/725Ld for diesel version.[22][23] Initially, each model can be equipped with all-wheel drive and is mated to an 8-speed Steptronic ZF automatic transmission. The 750i/750Li, 740i/740Li, 740d/740Ld and 750d/750Ld models are optionally available with the all-wheel drive option xDrive. The transmission can be optionally linked with the satellite navigation system that provides the transmission with geographical data to adjust shift timing in relation to current driving conditions.

The G11/G12 is the first 7 Series generation to feature a plug-in hybrid variant, called the 740e/740Le iPerformance. This new model effectively replaces the rather undersold ActiveHybrid 7, which evolved from a 750i based mild hybrid to a 740i based full hybrid in 2014 post-LCI (Life Cycle Impulse) variant. The 740e/740Le is marketed as a BMW iPerformance car, not as a member of the BMW i sub-brand.[24][25][26]

Petrol engines[27][28]
Model Years Engine Power Torque
730i/730Li 2016–2022 2.0 L B48 I4 turbo 192 kW (258 hp) 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft)
740i/740Li 2016–2019

2019-2022

3.0 L B58 I6 turbo 242 kW (325 hp)

294 kW (395 hp)

450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft)
740e/740Le 2016–2019 2.0 L B48 I4 turbo + electric motor 242 kW (325 hp) 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft)
745e/745Le 2019–2022 3.0 L B58 I6 turbo + electric motor 294 kW (395 hp) 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft)
750i/750Li 2016–2019 4.4 L N63 V8 twin-turbo 335 kW (450 hp) 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft)
2019–2022 390 kW (523 hp) 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft)
M760Li 2017–2019 6.6 L N74 V12 twin-turbo 457 kW (610 hp) 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)
2019–2022 448 kW (600 hp) (US)

436 kW (585 hp) (EU)

850 N⋅m (627 lb⋅ft)
Alpina B7 2017–2022 4.4 L N63 V8 twin-turbo 448 kW (600 hp) 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)
Diesel engines[29][30]
Model Years Engine Power Torque
725d/725Ld 2016-2019 2.0 L B47 I4 turbo 170 kW (228 hp) 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft)
730d/730Ld 2016–2022 3.0 L B57 I6 turbo 195 kW (261 hp) 620 N⋅m (457 lb⋅ft)
740d/740Ld 2016–2022 3.0 L B57 I6 turbo 235 kW (315 hp) 680 N⋅m (502 lb⋅ft)
750d/750Ld 2017–2020 3.0 L B57 I6 quad turbo 294 kW (394 hp) 760 N⋅m (561 lb⋅ft)

Special editions

[edit]

740e/740Le iPerformance

[edit]

In February 2016, BMW announced the introduction of the "iPerformance" model designation, which was to be given to all BMW plug-in hybrid vehicles from July 2016. The aim is to provide a visible indicator of the transfer of technology from BMW i to the BMW core brand. The new designation will be used first on the plug-in hybrid variants of the latest BMW 7 Series, the BMW 740e/740Le iPerformance being the first of such plug-in hybrids.[31]

BMW 740e iPerformance

The 740e iPerformance was unveiled at the 2016 Geneva International Motor Show, together with the new BMW M760Li xDrive and the BMW i8 Protonic Red Edition special-edition model.[31] Sales of the 740e/740Le iPerformance began in Germany in July 2016.[32]

The 740e/740Le iPerformance features the same drivetrain as the BMW X5 xDrive40e plug-in hybrid, and has an all-electric range is 40 km (25 miles), dropping to 37 km (23 miles) in the xDrive version, both under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC).[33] Under the EPA test cycle, the all-electric range was rated at 23 km (14 miles). According to EPA, the 740e/740Le burns some petrol during the first 23 km (14 miles), so the actual all-electric range varies between 0 and 23 km (0 and 14 miles).[34]

The 740e/740Le iPerformance mates a turbocharged 192 kW (258 hp) 2.0-litre, inline four petrol engine with an electric motor, resulting in a combined power output of 242 kW (325 hp) and 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) of torque.[35] BMW's Auto eDrive function allows drivers to choose how the car operates and features modes for pure electric driving and performance. Drivers can also select from the usual Eco Pro, Comfort and Sport modes too. The 740e/740Le can be charged in less than four hours from a domestic socket, or in under three hours from a wall box charger.[33] All models get an eight-speed automatic transmission as standard. The 740e can sprint to 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 5.6 s—the 740Le version is 0.1 s slower while the xDrive variant is 0.2 s faster.[33]

Official fuel economy figures under the NEDC test are 2.100 L/100 km (134.5 mpg‑imp; 112.0 mpg‑US), with CO2 emissions of 49 g/km (2.8 oz/mi). The 740e is available in both standard and long-wheelbase forms, and also as an all-wheel drive xDrive variant. In all-wheel drive variation, the 740e returns 2.300 L/100 km (122.8 mpg‑imp; 102.3 mpg‑US) and emits 53 g/km (3.0 oz/mi) of CO2.[33] Under the EPA test cycle, the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance has a combined city/highway fuel economy rating of 3.7 L/100 km (64 mpg‑US; 76.9 mpg‑imp), corresponding to an energy consumption of 1.2 MJ/km (52 kWh/100 mi). When running only on gasoline, the EPA-rated fuel economy is 8.7 L/100 km (27 mpg‑US; 32 mpg‑imp).[34]

Alpina B7

[edit]
Main article: Alpina B7 (G12)
Alpina B7 Bi-Turbo

The Alpina B7 xDrive was announced by BMW North America in February 2016 with sales starting in September. With an electronically limited top speed of 310 km/h (193 mph) and a 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration time of 3.7 seconds along with a sportier setup, it is the sportiest 7 Series but is sold by BMW only in the United States and Canada.[36] The B7 is sold in other countries by Alpina as the B7 Bi-Turbo, with a delimited top speed of 330 km/h (205 mph).

The Alpina B7 features a 447 kW (599 hp) 4.4 litre twin-turbocharged V8 engine delivering 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) of torque and a more luxurious interior. It was unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show.

The facelift model was unveiled on 11 February 2019. The power band of the engine is improved, with the maximum 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) of torque now being available from 2,000 rpm, and the output of 447 kW (599 hp) between 5,500 and 6,500 rpm.[37] Acceleration from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is achieved in 3.6 seconds while the 330 km/h (205 mph) top speed is now unlimited worldwide.[37] Public introduction took place at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show and deliveries began during July.[38]

M760Li xDrive

[edit]
BMW M760Li
BMW M760Li Excellence (facelift)

The M760Li xDrive is the top trim of the 7 Series. It was unveiled in February 2016 and made its official public debut at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. It is powered by BMW's N74B66 engine, a 6.6-litre twin-turbocharged V12 which generates a maximum power output of 449 kW (610 hp) and 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) of torque.[39] If the optional M Driver's Package is specified, the limited top speed is raised to 305 km/h (190 mph), versus 250 km/h (155 mph) as standard. As the first 7 Series to be an M Performance model, the M760Li receives technical upgrades over the standard 7 Series as standard equipment, including M Performance-specific tuning of the transmission's shift programmes, 19-inch (480 mm) M Sport brakes, an M Sport exhaust system, performance tyres and standard fit Integral Active Steering. It is also the first V12-powered BMW model ever made to feature xDrive as standard, breaking the trend of the previous V12-engined BMWs which were only rear-wheel drive.

The M760Li features several visual cues to differentiate it from base 7 Series models. These include a 20-inch alloy wheel design exclusive to the M760Li. Several pieces of exterior trim are finished in "Cerium Grey", most notably the mirror caps, side "Air Breathers" and the tailpipe embellishers. There are V12 badges on the C-pillars, and a unique tailpipe design at the rear.

The M760Li can also be specified as an "Excellence" top of the range model. This receives modifications to the exterior and interior which create a luxurious appearance, compared to the sporty aesthetics of the standard M760Li.[40]

Final V12

[edit]

On 18 January 2022, BMW announced a new limited edition M760Li xDrive simply called "The Final V12."[41] As the name suggests, it will be the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.[41] Built exclusively for the United States, just 12 examples will be sold to the public.[41] BMW plans to approach previous buyers with a history of V-12 BMW ownership with an invitation to purchase the Final V12.[41]

Facelift

[edit]
BMW 740Li (facelift)
BMW 745Le (facelift)
BMW G11 (facelift)

The updated 7 Series models were unveiled on 16 January 2019[42] as 2020 model year cars. Production began two months later in March.[43] Notable changes of the facelift include a larger kidney grille shared with the X7 (40 percent larger than the outgoing model)[42] and sleeker headlights with optional laser headlights. The V8 models and the hybrid models were updated and a new hands-free driving system which operates under certain conditions was added to the range.

The new front is accompanied by a more prominent front fascia and a power dome on the bonnet. The rear of the car now has LED tail lamps joined by a central stripe and a new rear bumper. Other exterior changes include new optional 20-inch (510 mm) wheels.

Updates to the interior include a new 12.3-inch (310 mm) instrument cluster and a 10.25-inch (260 mm) infotainment screen. A new voice assistant is also added to the infotainment system along with the BMW iDrive system 7.0 with updated graphics and menus. The main technological feature is the Extended Traffic Jam Assistant which allows the driver to leave the steering wheel at speeds up to 56 km/h (35 mph) during urban city driving. The system manages steering, acceleration and braking of the car and cameras ensure that the driver pays attention on the road.

The turbocharged B58 inline-6 as utilised in the 740i/740Li is now rated at 290 kW (389 hp) and 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) of torque.

The 750i/750Li now shares the same engine enhancements as the M850i which now generates a power output of 390 kW (523 hp) and 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) of torque. The rear-wheel-drive option for the 750i/750Li was discontinued, making the 740i/740Li the only model to be available with optional rear-wheel-drive.

The 740e/740Le hybrid model was discontinued in favour of the updated 745e/745Le iPerformance. The 745e/745Le iPerformance uses a turbocharged inline-6 engine shared with the X5 xDrive45e. The new engine combined with electric motors generates a power output of 290 kW (389 hp) and 599 N⋅m (442 lb⋅ft) of torque. A new 12 kW⋅h battery pack is employed for the electric motors to increase the electric range.

The M760Li xDrive oversaw a decrease in engine power output to 447 kW (599 hp), although the engine benefited from torque increased to 850 N⋅m (627 lb⋅ft) for the US model. The engine in the European model generates a power output of 430 kW (577 hp).

The updated 7 Series models went on sale in April 2019.[44][45]

In Malaysia, the facelift 7 series 745Le is known as 740Le.[46]

In Thailand, the 730Ld, 745Le xDrive, and M760Li xDrive are offered.[47]

Production

[edit]

The G11 was produced at the BMW Group Plant Dingolfing in Germany. Complete knock-down (CKD) assembly is conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia[48] and at the BMW Thailand plant in Rayong.[49] It is also produced in India at BMW Group Plant, Chennai.[50]

Reception

[edit]

The 2016 7-series was named one of the top ten tech cars in 2016 by IEEE Spectrum.[51]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Smyth, Mark (10 September 2015). "International Launch: BMW 7 Series". BDlive. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  2. ^ Olivia, Jacob (10 March 2019). "BMW 7 Series Facelift Designer Explains The Giant Grille". Motor1. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  3. ^ "BMW 7 Series Sedan: Technical data". BMW. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  4. ^ Hardcastle, Elaine (10 June 2015). "BMW touts computing power more than horsepower in new 7 Series". Reuters. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  5. ^ "Video: This Is How a 2016 BMW 7 Series Is Assembled". BMW BLOG. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  6. ^ "The 2016 BMW 7-Series Will Tell You the Future of Luxury Cars". Bloomberg. 28 December 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  7. ^ Sorokanich, Robert (1 December 2014). "BMW Will Make Plug-In-Hybrid Versions of Every Major Model". Car And Driver. Retrieved 30 November 2015. The company announced today that it will spread the plug-in-hybrid tech [...] across all of its models.
  8. ^ Kable, Greg (7 June 2015). "2015 BMW 7 Series - first images leaked ahead of official reveal". autocar.co.uk. Retrieved 10 June 2015. In the first half of 2016, BMW will also provide the 7 Series with a plug-in hybrid petrol-electric system in a new 740e model.
  9. ^ Smyth, Mark (10 September 2015). "International Launch: BMW 7 Series". BDlive. Retrieved 30 November 2015. Well [sic] according to the car's exterior designer, Nader Faghihzadeh: [...].
  10. ^ Olivia, Jacob (10 March 2019). "BMW 7 Series Facelift Designer Explains The Giant Grille". Motor1. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  11. ^ "Start of production of new BMW 7 Series at Plant Dingolfing" (Press release). BMW Group PressGroup Global. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015. Like its predecessor, the new BMW 7 Series will also be built in Dingolfing: Series production of the sixth generation of the BMW 7 Series will get underway on 1 July.
  12. ^ "The All-New BMW 7 Series" (Press release). BMW Group PressClub Global. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  13. ^ Kable, Greg (7 June 2015). "2015 BMW 7 Series – first images leaked ahead of official reveal". autocar.co.uk. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  14. ^ Davis, Adam (18 October 2015). "New BMW 7 Series here from October". Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  15. ^ Kacher, Georg (17 April 2015). "Executive saloon fight 2016! Next-gen BMW 5-series vs Mercedes E-class". carmagazine.co.uk. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  16. ^ BMW AG (21 April 2015). BMW 7 Series Carbon Fibre Technology. Composites Today. Retrieved 2 July 2015 – via YouTube. The use of carbon-fiber optimises the body's properties and is particularly effective for components that have to withstand high directional forces. Its inherent strength allows CFRP to meet extremely stringent safety requirements.
  17. ^ Kable, Greg (15 September 2015). "2015 BMW 7 Series revealed - pictures, on-sale date and engine information". Autocar. Retrieved 30 November 2015. Altogether some 40 kg [88 pounds] has been saved over the old 7 Series, bringing an impressive 10 kg [22 pounds] reduction in un-sprung mass at each corner. [...] BMW also claims a perfect 50/50 front/rear weight distribution, while the efforts to trim weight within the body structure have also reduced the centre of gravity.
  18. ^ Couture, Justin (9 September 2015). "BMW 750i xDrive road test". msn autos. Retrieved 30 November 2015. Specific attention was paid to the car's aerodynamics allowing this sedan to cleave through the air with a drag coefficient of 0.24.
  19. ^ Stoy, Andrew (21 April 2015). "Carbon core: 2016 BMW 7-series gets carbon-fiber implants". autoweek.com. Retrieved 11 June 2015. [...], "carbon core" is both a trade name and precise description of BMW's newest chassis construction technique, due to launch on the 2016 7-series sedan. Essentially, carbon fiber structural elements provide additional rigidity in key parts of the unibody structure, in some areas complementing aluminum and in others acting as standalone structural members. Suspension arms, steering knuckles and hubs were all redesigned to remove material without compromising strength, and additional aluminum helped reduce weight in areas like the doors, which are 10 percent lighter than those of the existing 7-series while still maintaining occupant protection characteristics. [...] Carbon fiber reinforced plastic is found in the B- and C-pillars, in the roof bows, along the center tunnel, on the package tray, in the sills, and [...] in a 9-foot [2.7 m] arc that runs from the base of the A-pillar to the rear of the car along the roofline; [...]. Aluminum extrusions and castings make up critical suspension and engine mounting points, aluminum panels form the exterior body sheetmetal and steel stampings make up the rest of the structure.
  20. ^ Glon, Ronan (10 June 2015). "The 2016 7 Series may be the most luxurious and tech-savvy BMW yet". Digital Trends. Retrieved 1 July 2015. The 7 inaugurates BMW's iDrive 5.0 infotainment system. The software can be controlled by using a touch screen, voice commands, a controller knob on the center console or BMW's new gesture control technology.
  21. ^ "Technology and innovation workshop on the new BMW 7 Series model range. PreDrive Miramas" (Press release). BMW Group PressClub Global. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015. In the next generation of the BMW 7 Series, the iDrive operating system's monitor comes in Touch Display form for the first time. [...] In addition to using the Controller to operate the system in familiar style, its functions can also be selected and activated by touching the screen's surface. Another new addition to the iDrive system's functionality is BMW gesture control, which is being introduced for the first time. Hand movements detected by a 3D sensor control infotainment functions in an extremely intuitive and user-friendly fashion. The gestures can be used for a number of functions, including controlling the volume in audio applications and accepting or rejecting incoming telephone calls. There is also the option of pairing a specific gesture with an individual choice of function. [...] The new BMW 7 Series is the world's first series-produced car that owners will be able to manoeuvre in or out of parking spaces or garages without anyone at the wheel. [...] Using the likewise newly developed BMW Display Key, the driver can prompt the car to enter or exit a parking space fully automatically. [...] New strings to the bows of the Driving Assistant Plus and Driving Assistant systems include the steering and directional control assistant, Lane Departure Warning Assistant with active side collision protection, and the rear collision prevention and cross-traffic warning functions. When using the Active Cruise Control system with Stop & Go function, a press of a button now suffices to acknowledge speed restrictions detected by the Speed Limit Info function.
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  24. ^ Key Details About the New BMW 7-Series PHEV
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  38. ^ "L'Alpina B7 s'offre une remise à niveau". FIGARO (in French). 15 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  39. ^ Initially, the M760Li was unveiled with a power output of 441 kW (600 hp), this number being later increased to 449 kW (610 hp) for the Geneva Motor Show the following month.Grundhoff, Stefan. "600 PS: BMW bringt (fast) einen M7". FOCUS Online (in German). Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  40. ^ "The new BMW M760Li xDrive". Press.bmwgroup.com. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  41. ^ a b c d Silvestro, Brian (18 January 2022). "BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li". Road & Track. Hearst Communications.
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  44. ^ Capparella, Joey (16 January 2019). "The 2020 BMW 7-series Has 40 Percent More Kidney Grille". Car & Driver. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
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  46. ^ "G12 BMW 7 Series LCI launched in Malaysia - 740Le xDrive Design Pure Excellence priced at RM594,800". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 11 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
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  48. ^ "BMW 730Li Tandai Perakitan Lokal 7-Series di Indonesia". autonetmagz.com (in Indonesian). December 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
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  50. ^ Mitra, Anirban (25 July 2019). "BMW 7 series launched in India, starts at Rs 98.9 lakh". Times of India. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  51. ^ Ulrich, Lawrence (April 2016). "Top Ten Tech Cars 2016". IEEE Spectrum. 53 (4): 36–47. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2016.7439592. ISSN 0018-9235. S2CID 40265053.
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