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2024 PT5

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2024 PT 5
Discovery[1]
Discovered byATLAS South Africa, Sutherland
Discovery date7 August 2024
Designations
2024 PT 5
A119q0V
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 2024-Oct-17 (JD 2460600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc177 days
Aphelion1.034046037 AU (Q)
Perihelion0.990564085 AU (q)
1.012305061 AU (a)
Eccentricity0.021476704 (e)
1.018533493 years
323.67726° (M)
Inclination1.5205167° (i)
305.572361° (Ω)
2024-Nov-23.53545
116.24843° (ω)
Earth MOID0.00607821 AU (909,287 km; 2.36545 LD)
Jupiter MOID3.95662 AU (591,902,000 km)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions
  • ~ 11 m (36 ft)
  • 5–42 meters
≤ 1h
27.4

2024 PT5 is a near-Earth object roughly 11 meters (36 ft) in diameter discovered by ATLAS South Africa, Sutherland on 7 August 2024, the day before approaching Earth at 568,500 km (353,200 mi).[3]

Orbit

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The object orbits the Sun but makes slow close approaches to the Earth–Moon system. Between 29 September (19:54 UTC) and 25 November 2024 (16:43 UTC) (a period of 1 month and 27 days)[4] it passed just outside Earth's Hill sphere (roughly 0.01 AU [1.5 million km; 0.93 million mi]) at a low relative velocity (in the range 0.002 km/s (4.5 mph) – 0.439 km/s [980 mph]) and became temporarily captured by Earth's gravity, with a geocentric orbital eccentricity of less than 1[5] and negative geocentric orbital energy.[6] The most recent closest approach to Earth was 8 August 2024 at roughly 567,000 km (352,000 mi) when it had a relative velocity of 1.37 km/s (3,100 mph).[2] It also approached Earth on 9 January 2025 at roughly 1,801,158 km (1,119,188 mi) when it had a relative velocity of 1.03 km/s (2,300 mph).[2]

On 18 August 2024 CNEOS removed 2024 PT5 from their Sentry Risk Table, having determined it poses no risk of a potential Earth impact.[7]

The object is expected to make another approach in 2055.[8] This object will return to orbit around Earth in 2084 for about 43 days.[9][10]

Animation of 2024 PT5
Around the Earth – Close approach
   2024 PT5  ·    Earth  ·    Moon
Entering and Exiting Geocentric Orbit
Epoch Earth distance[11] Geocentric
eccentricity[5] 		Apogee[5] Orbital period[5]
2024-Sep-29 0.0230 AU (3.44 million km) 1.016
2024-Sep-30 0.0232 AU (3.47 million km) 0.997 2.9 AU (430 million km) 99.84 years (36,468 d)
2024-Oct-24 0.0268 AU (4.01 million km) 0.614 0.028 AU (4.2 million km) 1.35 years (493 d)
2024-Nov-25 0.0238 AU (3.56 million km) 0.983 0.72 AU (108 million km) 127.24 years (46,473 d)
2024-Nov-26 0.0236 AU (3.53 million km) 1.009

Physical properties

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Its color indices and the spectrum obtained with Gemini North best matches lunar rock samples followed by S-complex asteroids and has a rotation period of around 0.7h.[12] Its visible spectrum obtained with GTC is consistent with that of an Sv-type asteroid or perhaps lunar ejecta.[10][13] Its reflectance spectrum in the range 350–2,350 nanometres (3,500–23,500 Å) obtained with LDT/IRTF is inconsistent with artificial objects and asteroids, its surface is quite red, well matched by samples of the Moon, both Maria and Highlands.[14][15] Its spectrum is similar to that of Earth's quasi-satellite 469219 Kamoʻoalewa 2016 HO3[15][10] and Earth's minimoon 2022 NX1.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "MPEC 2024-P170 : 2024 PT5". IAU Minor Planet Center. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024. (K24P05T)
  2. ^ a b c "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2024 PTR5)" (last observation: 28 August 2024; arc: 21 days (122 obs)). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  3. ^ "2024 PT5 Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  4. ^ Earth to capture a 'second moon' this weekend, NASA says
  5. ^ a b c d "JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris for 2024 PT5 orbit of Earth (geocentric) for September – November 2024". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 10 September 2024. Geocentric solution. Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements / Center: @399
  6. ^ de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (10 September 2024). "A Two-month Mini-moon: 2024 PT5 Captured by Earth from September to November". Research Notes of the AAS. 8 (9): 224. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8..224D. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad781f.
  7. ^ "Sentry: Earth Impact Monitoring". JPL/CNEOS.
  8. ^ Dunn, Marcia. "Earth's 'mini moon' may have been a chunk of our actual moon". Associated Press. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
  9. ^ Robert Lea (26 November 2024). "Earth's mini-moon has finally departed. Will it ever return as a 'second moon?'". Space.com. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl; de León, Julia; Serra-Ricart, Miquel; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; Alarcon, Miguel R.; Licandro, Javier; Geier, Stefan; Tejero, Alvaro; Perez Romero, Alberto; Perez-Toledo, Fabricio; Cabrera-Lavers, Antonio (1 February 2025). "Basaltic quasi-mini-moon: Characterizing 2024 PT5 with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope". Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters. arXiv:2411.08834. Bibcode:2024arXiv241108834D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452713.
  11. ^ "Horizons Batch for September – November 2024 Geocentric distance" (Escaping Earth's Hill Sphere @ ~0.01au). JPL Horizons. Retrieved 10 September 2024. (JPL#2/Soln.date: 2024-Aug-30)
  12. ^ Bolin, Bryce T.; Denneau, Larry; Abron, Laura-May; Jedicke, Robert; Chiboucas, Kristin; Ingerbretsen, Carl; Lemaux, Brian C. (9 January 2025). "The Discovery and Characterization of Minimoon 2024 PT5". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 978 (2): L37. arXiv:2411.08029. Bibcode:2025ApJ...978L..37B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ada1d0.
  13. ^ Robert Lea (22 November 2024). "Earth's 'second moon' is just visiting its cosmic parents for Thanksgiving". Space.com. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  14. ^ "LDT/IRTF reflectance spectrum" (PDF) (350-2350 nm spectrum). International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN). Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  15. ^ a b Kareta, Theodore; Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar; Moskovitz, Nicholas; Farnocchia, Davide; Sharkey, Benjamin N. L. (14 January 2025). "On the Lunar Origin of Near-Earth Asteroid 2024 PT5". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 979 (1): L8. arXiv:2412.10264. Bibcode:2025ApJ...979L...8K. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad9ea8.
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