1963 in spaceflight (July–December)

This is a list of spaceflights launched between July and December 1963. For launches between January and June, see 1963 in spaceflight (January–June). For an overview of the whole year, see 1963 in spaceflight.

Orbital launches

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload (⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
July-December
10 July	Vostok-2			Baikonur Site 1/5
		Zenit-2 #12		Intended: Low Earth	Optical imaging	+2 seconds	Launch failure
		Block B booster failed 1.9 seconds after launch
12 July 20:45:59	Atlas LV-3A Agena-D			Point Arguello LC-2-3		US Air Force
		OPS 1467 (KH-7 #4001/AFP-206 SV-951)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	18 July	Successful
		Maiden flight of Atlas LV-3A Agena-D
19 July 00:00:10	Thor DM-21 Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-1-1		US Air Force
		OPS 1266 (KH-4 #9057)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	13 August	Successful
		SRV 624	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	July	Successful
		Last flight of carrier rocket as Thor DM-21 Agena-D before being redesignated SLV-2
19 July 03:51:18	Atlas LV-3A Agena-B			Point Arguello LC-1-2		US Air Force
		Midas 9	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Missile defence	In orbit	Successful
		Dash 2	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Air density	12 April 1971	Successful
		ERS-9 (TRS 4)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Technology	In orbit	Successful
		ERS-10	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Technology	In orbit	Partial launch failure
		ERS-10 failed to separate
26 July 14:33:00	Delta B			Cape Canaveral LC-17A		US Air Force
		Syncom 2	NASA	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
		First spacecraft to be placed into geosynchronous orbit, positioned at 55° West
31 July 00:00:17	Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-1-2		US Air Force
		OPS 1370 (KH-6 #8003)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	12 August	Successful
		SRV 614	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	August	Successful
		Final, and only successful KH-6 flight
6 August 06:00	Kosmos 63S1			Kapustin Yar Mayak-2
		Kosmos 19 (DS-P1 #3)		Low Earth	Radar target Technology	30 March 1964	Successful
22 August	Kosmos 63S1			Kapustin Yar Mayak-2
		DS-A1 #3		Intended: Low Earth	Technology Radiation	22 August	Launch failure
		First stage malfunctioned
25 August 00:30	Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-3-4		US Air Force
		OPS 1419 (KH-4A #1001)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	12 September	Partial spacecraft failure
		SRV 615	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	August	Successful
		SRV 617	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	12 September	Spacecraft failure
		First KH-4A mission, some film affected by fog, second SRV not returned
29 August 20:31	Thor SLV-2 Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-3-5		US Air Force
		OPS 1561 (KH-5 #9058A)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	7 November	Successful
		SRV 604	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	September	Successful
		LAMPO	US Air Force	Low Earth	Tracking target	29 September	Successful
		First flight of Thor SLV-2 Agena-D following redesignation
6 September 19:30:18	Atlas LV-3A Agena-D			Point Arguello LC-2-3		US Air Force
		OPS 1947 (KH-7 #4002/AFP-206 SV-952)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	8 September	Successful
23 September 23:00	Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-1-2		US Air Force
		OPS 1353 (KH-4A #1002)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	12 October	Partial spacecraft failure
		SRV 619	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	September	Successful
		SRV 620	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	12 October	Spacecraft failure
		Film severely affected by light leaks, second SRV not recovered
27 September 11:17:49	Scout X-2B			Point Arguello LC-D		US Air Force
		OPS 1610 (DMSP-1A F3/P-35 #5/AF-5)	US Air Force	Intended: Low Earth	Weather	27 September	Launch failure
		Only flight of Scout X-2B, failed to orbit
28 September 20:22	Thor DSV-2A Ablestar			Vandenberg LC-75-1-1		US Air Force
		Transit 5BN-1	US Navy	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Partial spacecraft failure
		Transit 5E-1	US Navy	Low Earth	Radiation	In orbit	Successful
		Maiden flight of Thor DSV-2A Ablestar, Transit 5BN-1 carried a SNAP-9A nuclear power system, gravity-gradient stabilization system left spacecraft in an inverted orientation, preventing operational use
17 October 02:37	Atlas LV-3A Agena-D			Cape Canaveral LC-13		US Air Force
		Vela 1A	US Air Force	High Earth	Nuclear test detection Radiation research	In orbit	Successful
		Vela 1B	US Air Force	High Earth	Nuclear test detection Radiation research	In orbit	Successful
		ERS-12	US Air Force	Highly elliptical	Particle research	5 February 1966	Successful
		Vela spacecraft deactivated after five years
18 October 09:29:58	Vostok-2			Baikonur Site 1/5
		Kosmos 20 (Zenit-2 #13)		Low Earth	Optical imaging	26 October	Successful
24 October	Kosmos 63S1			Kapustin Yar Mayak-2
		DS-A1 #4		Intended: Low Earth	Technology Radiation	24 October	Launch failure
		Second stage malfunctioned 353 seconds into the launch
25 October 18:59:27	Atlas LV-3A Agena-D			Point Arguello LC-2-3		US Air Force
		OPS 2196 (KH-7 #4003/AFP-206 SV-953)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	29 October	Successful
29 October 21:19	Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-3-4		US Air Force
		OPS 2437 (KH-5 #9059A)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	21 January 1964	Successful
		SRV 602	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	September	Successful
		Hitchhiker 2 (P-11 #3)	US Air Force	Low Earth	ELINT	23 May 1965	Successful
1 November 08:56	Polyot			Baikonur Site 31/6
		Polyot 1 (I-150/I-2B #1)		Low Earth	ASAT test Technology	16 October 1982	Successful
		Maiden flight of Polyot rocket, non-intercept flight test of I-2B antisatellite weapon
9 November 20:27:54	Thor SLV-2 Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-1-2		US Air Force
		OPS 2268 (KH-4 #9060)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	9 November	Launch failure
		SRV 632	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return
		Failed to orbit
11 November 06:23:35	Molniya			Baikonur Site 1/5
		Kosmos 21 (Venera 3MV-1A #1)		Intended: Heliocentric Achieved: Low Earth	Venus flyby	14 November	Launch failure
		Loss of control during coast phase, upper stage fired at incorrect orientation, spacecraft deployed into useless orbit
16 November 10:34	Voskhod			Baikonur Site 1/5
		Kosmos 22 (Zenit-4 #1)		Low Earth	Optical imaging	22 November	Successful
		Maiden flight of Voskhod rocket
27 November 02:30:01	Delta C			Cape Canaveral LC-17B		US Air Force
		Explorer 18 (IMP-A/IMP-1/S-74)	NASA	Highly elliptical	Magnetospheric	30 November 1965	Successful
		Maiden flight of Delta C, spacecraft ceased operations on 10 May 1965
27 November 19:03:23	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-B			Cape Canaveral LC-36A		NASA
			NASA	Low Earth	Test flight	30 July 1989	Successful
		Only flight of Atlas LV-3C Centaur-B, first successful Atlas-Centaur launch, first firing of a rocket engine fuelled by liquid hydrogen in space
27 November 21:15:40	Thor SLV-2 Agena-D			Point Arguello LC-1-1		US Air Force
		OPS 2260 (KH-4 #9061)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	15 December	Successful
		SRV 637	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	Unknown	Spacecraft failure
		First Thor launch from Point Arguello, SRV failed to deorbit
28 November	Vostok-2			Baikonur Site 1/5
		Zenit-2 #14		Intended: Low Earth	Optical imaging	28 November	Launch failure
		Upper stage failure, spacecraft commanded to self-destruct
5 December 21:51	Thor DSV-2A Ablestar			Vandenberg LC-75-1-1		US Air Force
		Transit 5BN-2	US Navy	Low Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
		Transit 5E-3	US Navy	Low Earth	Radiation	In orbit	Successful
		Transit 5BN-2 carried a SNAP-9A nuclear power system, and became the first operational navigation satellite
13 December 14:15	Kosmos 63S1			Kapustin Yar Mayak-2
		Kosmos 23 (Omega-1 #2)		Low Earth	Technology	27 March 1964	Successful
18 December 21:45:30	Atlas LV-3A Agena-D			Point Arguello LC-2-3		US Air Force
		OPS 2372 (KH-7 #4004/AFP-206 SV-954)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	20 December	Successful
19 December 09:28:58	Vostok-2			Baikonur Site 1/5
		Kosmos 24 (Zenit-2 #15)		Low Earth	Optical imaging	28 December	Successful
19 December 18:49:25	Scout X-4			Point Arguello LC-D		US Air Force
		Explorer 19 (AD-A/S-56b)	NASA	Medium Earth	Air density	10 May 1981	Partial launch failure Partial spacecraft failure
		Achieved lower than planned orbit, tracking beacon did not have enough power to communicate with ground stations, but spacecraft could still be tracked by visual observation
21 December 09:30:00	Delta B			Cape Canaveral LC-17B		US Air Force
		Tiros-8 (Tiros-H/A-53)	ESSA	Low Earth	Weather	In orbit	Successful
21 December 21:45	Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D			Vandenberg LC-75-1-2		US Air Force
		OPS 1388 (KH-4 #9062)	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Optical imaging	8 January 1964	Partial spacecraft failure
		SRV 642	US Air Force/NRO	Low Earth	Film return	December	Successful
		Hitchhiker 3 (P-11 #4)	US Air Force	Low Earth	ELINT	7 November 1964	Successful
		Final KH-4 flight, large amount of damage to film due to corona effect

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Suborbital launches

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Flight number	Launch site		LSP
		Payload (⚀ = CubeSat)	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
		Remarks
July
1 July 21:43:55	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-32B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	1 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
1 July	Black Brant III			Point Arguello LC-A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Test flight	1 July	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
1 July	Nike-Tomahawk 9A			Barking Sands		Sandia
			Sandia	Suborbital	Test flight	1 July	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
1 July	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	1 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
1 July	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	1 July	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
2 July 14:18	Javelin			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Ionospheric	2 July	Successful
		Apogee: 934 kilometres (580 mi)
2 July 16:00:04	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Lafayette, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	2 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
2 July 16:30:03	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Lafayette, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	2 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
3 July 09:00	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			Eglin		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Ionospheric	3 July	Successful
		Apogee: 199 kilometres (124 mi)
3 July 17:48:03	UGM-27 Polaris A3			Cape Canaveral LC-25A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	3 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
3 July 21:13:57	SM-65E Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576C		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	3 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,600 kilometres (990 mi)
3 July	Nike-Tomahawk 9A			Barking Sands		Sandia
			Sandia	Suborbital	Test flight	3 July	Launch failure
		Apogee: 20 kilometres (12 mi)
3 July	Nike-Zeus 3			Kwajalein		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	3 July	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
3 July	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	3 July	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
3 July	Berenice			CERES		ONERA
			ONERA	Suborbital	REV Test	3 July	Successful
		Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi)
5 July 21:00	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-4		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	5 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
5 July	R-12 Dvina			Makat		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	5 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
6 July 00:36	R-5 Pobeda			Plesetsk		AN
			AN	Suborbital	Aeronomy	6 July	Successful
		Apogee: 400 kilometres (250 mi)
8 July	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/15		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	8 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
9 July	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/15		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	9 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
10 July 02:46	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			STAN	Suborbital	Ionospheric	10 July	Successful
		Apogee: 204 kilometres (127 mi)
10 July 17:02	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Solar	10 July	Successful
		Apogee: 225 kilometres (140 mi)
11 July 23:00	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-2		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	11 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
11 July	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	11 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
12 July	Nike-Zeus 3			Kwajalein		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	12 July	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
14 July 21:03:28	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			GCA	Suborbital	Ionospheric	14 July	Successful
		Apogee: 172 kilometres (107 mi)
16 July	HGM-25A Titan I			Vandenberg LC-395A-2		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	16 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 July 02:30:02	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-32B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	17 July	Launch failure
		Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)
19 July 01:00	UGM-27 Polaris A3			Cape Canaveral LC-25A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	19 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
19 July 05:30	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	19 July	Successful
		Apogee: 185 kilometres (115 mi)
19 July 18:20:05	X-15			Balls 8, Edwards		US Air Force/NASA
		Flight 90	US Air Force/NASA	Suborbital	Technology	18:31:29	Successful
		Manned flight with astronaut Joseph Walker, apogee: 106 kilometres (66 mi), first X-15 flight to reach space
19 July	R-12 Dvina			Makat		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	19 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
20 July 05:44:08	Scout X-3A			Wallops Island LA-3		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	REV Test	20 July	Launch failure
		Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi)
20 July 15:18	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Solar	20 July	Successful
		Apogee: 213 kilometres (132 mi)
20 July 20:00:02	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			GCA	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	20 July	Launch failure
		Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)
20 July 20:30:00	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			GCA	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	20 July	Launch failure
		Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)
20 July 21:03:00	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			GCA	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	20 July	Successful
		Apogee: 196 kilometres (122 mi)
20 July 21:05	Black Brant II			Churchill		US Air Force
			Utah AFCRL	Suborbital	Solar	20 July	Successful
		Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi)
20 July 21:06	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			Churchill		NASA
			Johns Hopkins	Suborbital	Aeronomy Solar	20 July	Launch failure
		Apogee: 78 kilometres (48 mi)
20 July 21:13:00	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			GCA	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	20 July	Successful
		Apogee: 199 kilometres (124 mi)
20 July 21:40:00	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			GCA	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	20 July	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
20 July 21:54:45	Aerobee-300A			Wallops Island		NASA
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy Solar	20 July	Successful
		Apogee: 338 kilometres (210 mi)
20 July 22:10:00	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			GCA	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	20 July	Successful
		Apogee: 192 kilometres (119 mi)
23 July 06:00	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	23 July	Successful
		Apogee: 177 kilometres (110 mi)
24 July	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	24 July	Launch failure
25 July 03:30:13	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-31B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	25 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
25 July 04:59	Skylark-7			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			RAE	Suborbital	Test flight	25 July	Launch failure
25 July 14:15	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NRL
			NRL	Suborbital	Solar	25 July	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
25 July 22:38	Exos			Eglin		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Ionospheric	25 July	Successful
		Apogee: 623 kilometres (387 mi)
25 July	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	25 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
26 July 19:19:00	SM-65E Atlas			Vandenberg OSTF-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	26 July	Launch failure
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)
26 July 21:19	Black Brant II			Churchill		US Air Force
			Utah AFCRL	Suborbital	Auroral Ionospheric	26 July	Successful
		Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi)
26 July	R-12 Dvina			Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	26 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
26 July	R-12 Dvina			Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	26 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
26 July	R-12 Dvina			Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	26 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
26 July	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	26 July	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
27 July 00:10	Nike-Cajun			Kronogard		RTG
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	27 July	Successful
		Apogee: 126 kilometres (78 mi)
27 July 04:55:01	UGM-27 Polaris A3			Cape Canaveral LC-29A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	27 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
27 July	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-5		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	27 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
27 July	R-12 Dvina			Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	27 July	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
27 July	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/15		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	27 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
29 July 23:28	Nike-Cajun			Kronogard		RTG
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	29 July	Successful
		Apogee: 128 kilometres (80 mi)
30 July 16:16:08	XRM-91 Blue Scout Junior			Cape Canaveral LC-18A		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Plasma research Astronomy	30 July	Successful
		Apogee: 11,100 kilometres (6,900 mi)
30 July 18:36:49	SM-65E Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576C		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	30 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,600 kilometres (990 mi)
31 July 20:52	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576B-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	31 July	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
July	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital		July	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
July	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital		July	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
August
1 August 08:06	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands		NRL
			NRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	1 August	Successful
		Apogee: 232 kilometres (144 mi)
1 August 23:27	Nike-Cajun			Kronogard		RTG
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	1 August	Successful
		Apogee: 126 kilometres (78 mi)
2 August 02:30	Skylark-5C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			RAE	Suborbital	Test flight	2 August	Launch failure
2 August 08:00	Sparoair I			F3H Demon, Point Mugu		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi)
2 August 21:43	Shotput			Wallops Island		NASA
		San Marco Test 2	CRA	Suborbital	Test flight	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 294 kilometres (183 mi)
2 August 23:33	Nike-Cajun			Wallops Island		NASA
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	2 August	Successful
		Apogee: 151 kilometres (94 mi)
5 August 17:30:15	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-32B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	5 August	Launch failure
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
7 August 22:29	Nike-Cajun			Kronogard		RTG
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	7 August	Successful
		Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi)
8 August	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	8 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
8 August	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	8 August	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
9 August 17:14:03	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Alexander Hamilton, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	9 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
9 August 18:19:43	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Alexander Hamilton, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	9 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
9 August	R-12 Dvina			Sovetskaya Gavan		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	9 August	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
13 August 04:59:47	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/15		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	13 August	Successful
		Apogee: 757 kilometres (470 mi)
14 August 03:56:05	UGM-27 Polaris A3			Cape Canaveral LC-25A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	14 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
15 August	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	15 August	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
15 August	HGM-25A Titan I			Vandenberg LC-395A-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	15 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 August	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS John Marshall, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	17 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 August	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS John Marshall, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	17 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 August	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS John Marshall, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	17 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 August	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS John Marshall, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	17 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 August	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS John Marshall, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	17 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 August	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS John Marshall, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	17 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
20 August 04:00:03	UGM-27 Polaris A3			Cape Canaveral LC-29A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	20 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
20 August	MGM-31 Pershing I			Hueco		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	20 August	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
20 August	R-16U			Baikonur Site 60/8		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	20 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
21 August 21:23:55	LGM-25C Titan II			Cape Canaveral LC-15		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Test flight	21 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
22 August 18:05:57	X-15			NB-52, Edwards		US Air Force/NASA
		Flight 91	US Air Force/NASA	Suborbital	Technology	18:17:05	Successful
		Manned flight with astronaut Joseph Walker, apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi), second and last X-15 flight to reach space, first person to make two spaceflights, first spacecraft to make two spaceflights
22 August	Hopi-Dart			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Test flight	22 August	Launch failure
		Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
23 August 17:01:06	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Alexander Hamilton, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	23 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
23 August 17:41:04	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Alexander Hamilton, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	23 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
23 August	R-12 Dvina			Sovetskaya Gavan		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	23 August	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
24 August 02:00	Lambda 2			Kagoshima LA-L		ISAS
			ISAS	Suborbital	Ionospheric	24 August	Launch failure
		Apogee: 51 kilometres (32 mi)
24 August 09:50:57	SM-65E Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576F		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	24 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,600 kilometres (990 mi)
24 August	Nike-Zeus 3			Kwajalein		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	24 August	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
27 August 17:02:23	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-31B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	27 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
27 August	MGM-31 Pershing I			Hueco		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	27 August	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
28 August 23:10	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576B-3		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	28 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi)
29 August	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Vandenberg LC-394A-6		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	29 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
30 August 06:30:26	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	30 August	Successful
		Apogee: 754 kilometres (469 mi)
30 August	R-12 Dvina			Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	30 August	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
30 August	R-14 Chusovaya			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	30 August	Successful
		Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi)
30 August	HGM-25A Titan I			Vandenberg LC-395A-3		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	30 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
31 August 01:35:04	UGM-27 Polaris A3			Cape Canaveral LC-25A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	31 August	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
31 August	R-12 Dvina			Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	31 August	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
August	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Target	August	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
August	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Target	August	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
September
1 September 08:03	Nike-Cajun			Andøya		NDRE
			ILC/NDRE	Suborbital	Aeronomy Ionospheric Solar	1 September	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
3 September 22:36	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	3 September	Successful
		Apogee: 288 kilometres (179 mi)
4 September 13:11	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			Churchill		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Cosmic ray research	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 228 kilometres (142 mi)
4 September	UGM-27 Polaris A1			USS Abraham Lincoln, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
4 September	UGM-27 Polaris A1			USS Abraham Lincoln, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
4 September	UGM-27 Polaris A1			USS Abraham Lincoln, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
4 September	UGM-27 Polaris A1			USS Abraham Lincoln, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
4 September	UGM-27 Polaris A1			USS Abraham Lincoln, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
4 September	UGM-27 Polaris A1			USS Abraham Lincoln, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
4 September	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	4 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
5 September 03:41	Skylark-5C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			RAE	Suborbital	Test flight	5 September	Successful
		Apogee: 214 kilometres (133 mi)
5 September	Martlet 3			Barbados		DND/DoD
			DND/DoD	Suborbital	Test flight	5 September	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
6 September 21:30	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NASA
			HCO	Suborbital	Solar	6 September	Successful
		Apogee: 222 kilometres (138 mi)
6 September 21:59	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576B-2		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	6 September	Launch failure
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
6 September	R-12 Dvina			Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	6 September	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
9 September 16:02	Nike-Apache			Wallops Island		NASA
			New Hampshire	Suborbital	Magnetospheric	9 September	Successful
		Apogee: 169 kilometres (105 mi)
9 September				Kapustin Yar		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	9 September	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
10 September	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	10 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
11 September 14:24	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Technology	11 September	Successful
		Apogee: 165 kilometres (103 mi)
11 September 21:00	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576B-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	11 September	Launch failure
		Apogee: 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi)
12 September 06:20	Nike-Apache			Andøya
			ILC/NDRE	Suborbital	Ionospheric Plasma Solar	12 September	Successful
		Apogee: 136 kilometres (85 mi)
12 September	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	12 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi)
17 September	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	17 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi)
17 September	HGM-25A Titan I			Vandenberg LC-395A-2		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	17 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
19 September	R-12 Dvina			Makat		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	19 September	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
20 September 15:45	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NRL
			NRL	Suborbital	Solar	20 September	Successful
		Apogee: 208 kilometres (129 mi)
20 September	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	20 September	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
21 September	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	21 September	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
23 September	LGM-25C Titan II			Vandenberg LC-395D		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	23 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
24 September 04:15	Nike-Apache			Eglin		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy Ionospheric	24 September	Successful
		Apogee: 158 kilometres (98 mi)
24 September 17:06	MGM-31 Pershing I			Black Mesa		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	24 September	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
25 September 03:57	Nike-Cajun			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	25 September	Successful
		Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi)
25 September 04:34	Nike-Cajun			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	25 September	Successful
		Apogee: 151 kilometres (94 mi)
25 September 07:09	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Ionospheric	25 September	Successful
		Apogee: 224 kilometres (139 mi)
25 September 11:04:41	SM-65E Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576C		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	25 September	Launch failure
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
25 September 13:40	MGM-31 Pershing I			Black Mesa		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	25 September	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
25 September 21:40	MGM-31 Pershing I			Black Mesa		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	25 September	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
26 September 04:37	Nike-Apache			Eglin		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	26 September	Successful
		Apogee: 170 kilometres (110 mi)
26 September 05:30	Nike-Apache			Eglin		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	26 September	Successful
		Apogee: 170 kilometres (110 mi)
26 September	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Vandenberg LC-394A-7		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	26 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
26 September	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	26 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
27 September 03:25:00	UGM-27 Polaris A3			USNS Observation Island, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	27 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
27 September 13:40	MGM-31 Pershing I			Black Mesa		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	27 September	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
27 September 20:40	MGM-31 Pershing I			Black Mesa		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	27 September	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
28 September 14:43	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Ionospheric	28 September	Successful
		Apogee: 226 kilometres (140 mi)
28 September	R-36			Baikonur Site 67/21		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	28 September	Launch failure
29 September 02:37	Javelin			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Ionospheric	29 September	Successful
		Apogee: 1,037 kilometres (644 mi)
September	A-350Zh			Sary Shagan LC-6		PRO
			PRO	Suborbital	Missile test	September	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
September	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Target	September	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
September	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Target	September	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
October
1 October 10:47	Nike-Apache			Eglin		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	1 October	Successful
		Apogee: 182 kilometres (113 mi)
1 October 17:00	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Solar	1 October	Successful
		Apogee: 219 kilometres (136 mi)
1 October 19:39:05	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Andrew Jackson, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	1 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
1 October	R-12 Dvina			Makat		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	1 October	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
1 October	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	1 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
2 October 15:10	Skylark-7			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			Cambridge UCL	Suborbital	Ionospheric	2 October	Successful
		Apogee: 148 kilometres (92 mi)
2 October	Nike-Tomahawk 9A			Barking Sands		Sandia
			Sandia	Suborbital	Test flight	2 October	Launch failure
		Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)
4 October 05:17:49	SM-65F Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576G		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	4 October	Launch failure
4 October 05:18:07	UGM-27 Polaris A3			USNS Observation Island, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	4 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
4 October	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Vandenberg LC-394A-6		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	4 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
4 October	R-12 Dvina			Makat		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	4 October	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
7 October 20:00	Nike-Apache			Churchill		NASA
			BRL	Suborbital	Magnetospheric	7 October	Successful
		Apogee: 165 kilometres (103 mi)
7 October 21:31	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576B-3		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	7 October	Launch failure
		Apogee: 10 kilometres (6.2 mi)
9 October 23:14	Nike-Apache			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	9 October	Successful
		Apogee: 158 kilometres (98 mi)
10 October 10:33	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	UV Astronomy	10 October	Launch failure
		Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi)
10 October 23:13	Nike-Apache			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	10 October	Successful
		Apogee: 158 kilometres (98 mi)
10 October				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	10 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
11 October	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	11 October	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
12 October				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	12 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
14 October 05:34	Black Brant II			Churchill		DRTE
			DRTE	Suborbital	Ionospheric Auroral	14 October	Successful
		Apogee: 145 kilometres (90 mi)
14 October	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	14 October	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
14 October	R-7A Semyorka			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	14 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,350 kilometres (840 mi)
15 October 09:51	Skylark-7C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			UCL/QUB	Suborbital	Aeronomy	15 October	Successful
		Apogee: 210 kilometres (130 mi)
15 October 11:48	Skylark-7			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			UCL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	15 October	Successful
		Apogee: 139 kilometres (86 mi)
15 October 15:09	Skylark-7			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			UCL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	15 October	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
15 October 16:05	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Solar	15 October	Successful
		Apogee: 197 kilometres (122 mi)
15 October 19:22	Skylark-7C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			UCL/QUB	Suborbital	Aeronomy	15 October	Successful
		Apogee: 180 kilometres (110 mi)
15 October	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	15 October	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
16 October 16:30:02	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Andrew Jackson, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	16 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 October	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	16 October	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
17 October 10:52	Black Knight 201			Woomera LA-5		ELDO/RAE
			ELDO/RAE	Suborbital	Missile test	17 October	Successful
		Apogee: 527 kilometres (327 mi)
17 October 16:50	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			CNES	Suborbital	Ionospheric	17 October	Successful
		Apogee: 187 kilometres (116 mi)
17 October	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-3		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	17 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
18 October 07:09	Véronique			Hammaguira Blandine		CNES
			CERMA	Suborbital	Biological research	18 October	Successful
		Apogee: 155 kilometres (96 mi)
18 October 09:20	Black Brant II			Churchill		CARDE
			CARDE	Suborbital	Aeronomy	18 October	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
18 October	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	18 October	Launch failure
18 October	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	18 October	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
21 October	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	21 October	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
22 October	R-16U			Plesetsk PU-11		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	22 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
22 October				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	22 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
23 October	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	23 October	Launch failure
23 October	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	23 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
23 October				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	23 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
23 October	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	23 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
24 October 05:30	Véronique			Hammaguira Blandine		CNES
			CERMA	Suborbital	Biological research	24 October	Launch failure
		Apogee: 88 kilometres (55 mi)
24 October	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Sam Houston, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	24 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 October	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Sam Houston, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	24 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 October	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Sam Houston, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	24 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 October	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Sam Houston, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	24 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 October	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Sam Houston, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	24 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
24 October	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Sam Houston, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	24 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
25 October	R-5B Pobeda			Plesetsk		AN
			AN	Suborbital	Aeronomy	25 October	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
26 October 02:00	Black Brant II			Churchill		DRTE
			DRTE	Suborbital	Ionospheric Auroral	26 October	Successful
		Apogee: 145 kilometres (90 mi)
26 October 16:14:04	UGM-27 Polaris A3			USS Andrew Jackson, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	26 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
26 October	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	26 October	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
28 October 03:15	SM-65F Atlas			Cape Canaveral LC-11		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	REV test	28 October	Launch failure
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
28 October	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	28 October	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
28 October				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	28 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 October 02:53	Black Brant II			Churchill		CARDE
			CARDE	Suborbital	Aeronomy	29 October	Successful
		Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi)
29 October				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	29 October	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
30 October 14:26	Skylark-7C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			RAE	Suborbital	Test flight	30 October	Successful
		Apogee: 186 kilometres (116 mi)
30 October	Dragon			Hammaguira Bacchus		CNES
			DMA	Suborbital	Test flight	30 October	Successful
		Apogee: 470 kilometres (290 mi)
31 October 16:50	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island LA-1		NASA
			CNES	Suborbital	Ionospheric	31 October	Successful
		Apogee: 187 kilometres (116 mi)
31 October 18:00	Nike-Cajun			Eglin		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Ionospheric	31 October	Successful
		Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi)
31 October 21:17	Nike-Apache			Wallops Island LA-2		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Test flight	31 October	Successful
		Apogee: 134 kilometres (83 mi)
31 October	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-5		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	31 October	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
October	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Target	October	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
November
1 November 20:14:54	LGM-25C Titan II			Cape Canaveral LC-15		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Test flight	1 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
1 November	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	1 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
1 November				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	1 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
1 November				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	1 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
2 November	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-2		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	2 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
4 November 09:34	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576A-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	REV Test	4 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi)
4 November 10:00	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	4 November	Successful
		Apogee: 215 kilometres (134 mi)
4 November 10:31	Nike-Cajun			Kwajalein		US Navy
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	4 November	Successful
		Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
4 November 12:26	Nike-Cajun			Kwajalein		US Navy
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	4 November	Successful
		Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi)
4 November 15:10	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		KPNO
			KPNO	Suborbital	Aeronomy	4 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
5 November 00:00	Nike-Cajun			White Sands		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	5 November	Successful
		Apogee: 164 kilometres (102 mi)
5 November	UR-200			Baikonur Site 90/19		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	5 November	Launch failure
5 November	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	5 November	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
5 November	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	5 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi)
6 November	Nike-Cajun			Eglin		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Aeronomy	6 November	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
7 November 17:00:02	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-32B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	7 November	Launch failure
		Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
7 November	Black Brant III			Point Arguello LC-A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Test flight	7 November	Successful
		Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi)
9 November 16:26	Nike-Cajun			Kwajalein		US Navy
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	9 November	Successful
		Apogee: 141 kilometres (88 mi)
9 November	LGM-25C Titan II			Vandenberg LC-395C		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	9 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
11 November 18:48:05	UGM-27 Polaris A3			USS Andrew Jackson, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	11 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
12 November 18:58	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			Johns Hopkins	Suborbital	Aeronomy	12 November	Successful
		Apogee: 223 kilometres (139 mi)
13 November 16:27:57	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-31B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	13 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
13 November 22:35:39	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576B-2		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	13 November	Launch failure
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
13 November 23:00	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Aeronomy	13 November	Successful
		Apogee: 262 kilometres (163 mi)
14 November 14:30	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	14 November	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
14 November 14:58	Nike-Cajun			Kwajalein		US Navy
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	14 November	Successful
		Apogee: 127 kilometres (79 mi)
14 November	Nike-Zeus 3			Kwajalein		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	ABM test	14 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
14 November	HGM-25A Titan I			Vandenberg LC-395A-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	14 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 November 16:54:42	UGM-27 Polaris A2			USS Andrew Jackson, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	16 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
16 November	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	16 November	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
17 November 18:15	Aerobee-150A			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	17 November	Successful
		Apogee: 370 kilometres (230 mi)
18 November	Honest John-Nike-Nike			Point Arguello LC-A		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Test flight	18 November	Successful
		Apogee: 163 kilometres (101 mi)
19 November 00:05	Skylark-7C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			Birmingham UCW UCL	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	19 November	Launch failure
19 November	R-14 Chusovaya			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	19 November	Launch failure
20 November 17:31	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	20 November	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
21 November 12:55	Nike-Apache			Thumba		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	21 November	Successful
		Apogee: 208 kilometres (129 mi). First suborbital rocket launch from India.
21 November	Nike-Tomahawk 9A			Barking Sands		Sandia
			Sandia	Suborbital	Test flight	21 November	Successful
		Apogee: 292 kilometres (181 mi)
22 November 21:00	Nike-Tomahawk 9A			Barking Sands		Sandia
			Sandia	Suborbital	Test flight	22 November	Successful
		Apogee: 292 kilometres (181 mi)
22 November	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	22 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
23 November	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	23 November	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
23 November	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/4		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	23 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
26 November 18:16	Nike-Apache			Wallops Island		NASA
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	26 November	Successful
		Apogee: 172 kilometres (107 mi)
26 November 18:44	Nike-Cajun			Wallops Island		NASA
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	26 November	Successful
		Apogee: 151 kilometres (94 mi)
27 November 06:10:59	UGM-27 Polaris A3			USNS Observation Island, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	27 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
27 November 17:50	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		NRL
			NRL	Suborbital	Solar	27 November	Successful
		Apogee: 216 kilometres (134 mi)
27 November	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Vandenberg LC-394A-6		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	27 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
27 November	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	27 November	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
28 November				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	28 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
28 November				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	28 November	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
29 November	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-5		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	29 November	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
29 November	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	29 November	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
December
2 December 04:15	Skylark-7C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			RAE	Suborbital	Test flight	2 December	Successful
		Apogee: 168 kilometres (104 mi)
3 December 04:59	Skylark-7C			Woomera LA-2		RAE
			Birmingham UCW UCL	Suborbital	Ionospheric Solar	3 December	Launch failure
		Apogee: 106 kilometres (66 mi)
3 December 08:00:29	R-36			Baikonur Site 67/21		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	3 December	Successful
		Apogee: 903 kilometres (561 mi)
3 December	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	3 December	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
3 December	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	3 December	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
4 December	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	4 December	Launch failure
4 December	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	4 December	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
5 December	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Solar	5 December	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
5 December	MGM-31 Pershing I			Fort Wingate		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	5 December	Successful
		Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi)
7 December 13:11	Nike-Cajun			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Aeronomy	7 December	Successful
		Apogee: 103 kilometres (64 mi)
7 December 13:43:00	Nike-Apache			Wallops Island		NASA
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	7 December	Successful
		Apogee: 141 kilometres (88 mi)
8 December	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	8 December	Launch failure
9 December 05:24	Astrobee-200			Churchill		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Aeronomy Auroral	9 December	Launch failure
		Apogee: 242 kilometres (150 mi)
9 December	R-14 Chusovaya			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	9 December	Successful
		Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi)
10 December 03:11:17	UGM-27 Polaris A3			Cape Canaveral LC-25A		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	10 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
10 December	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	10 December	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
11 December 01:00:06	UGM-27 Polaris A3			USNS Observation Island, ETR		US Navy
			US Navy	Suborbital	Missile test	11 December	Launch failure
		Apogee: 1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
11 December 05:00	Lambda 2			Kagoshima LA-L		ISAS
			Tokyo Kyoto	Suborbital	Ionospheric	11 December	Successful
		Apogee: 410 kilometres (250 mi)
11 December	Nike-Zeus 3			White Sands LC-38		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Missile test	11 December	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
12 December 08:50	Kappa-8L			Kagoshima		ISAS
			ISAS	Suborbital	Aeronomy Fields	12 December	Successful
		Apogee: 103 kilometres (64 mi)
12 December 16:50	Aerobee-150 (Hi)			White Sands LC-35		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Solar	12 December	Successful
		Apogee: 325 kilometres (202 mi)
12 December 19:06	HAD			Woomera LA-2		WRE
			WRE	Suborbital	Aeronomy	12 December	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
12 December 20:00:01	LGM-25C Titan II			Cape Canaveral LC-15		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Test flight	12 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
12 December	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	12 December	Launch failure
12 December	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	12 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
13 December 22:32	Nike-Apache			White Sands		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	Solar Ionospheric	13 December	Launch failure
		Apogee: 73 kilometres (45 mi)
13 December	R-36			Baikonur Site 67/21		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	13 December	Launch failure
13 December	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Vandenberg LC-394A-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	13 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
13 December	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-3		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	13 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
17 December 17:17:34	Blue Scout Junior SLV-1C			Vandenberg LC-4300C		US Air Force
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Communications	17 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
17 December	LGM-25C Titan II			Vandenberg LC-395D		US Air Force
			AFCRL	Suborbital	Test flight	17 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
17 December	R-12 Dvina			Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	17 December	Successful
		Apogee: 402 kilometres (250 mi)
18 December 03:00	LGM-30B Minuteman IB			Cape Canaveral LC-32B		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	18 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
18 December 09:52:27	SM-65D Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576A-1		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	REV Test	18 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi)
18 December 22:56:22	SM-65F Atlas			Vandenberg LC-576G		US Air Force
			US Air Force	Suborbital	Missile test	18 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi)
18 December	Nike-Cajun			Kwajalein		US Navy
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	18 December	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
18 December	Nike-Cajun			Kwajalein		US Navy
			Michigan	Suborbital	Aeronomy	18 December	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
20 December	UGM-133A Minuteman IA			Vandenberg LC-394A-5		Strategic Air Command
			Strategic Air Command	Suborbital	Missile test	20 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
20 December	R-16U			Baikonur Site 41/3		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	20 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,210 kilometres (750 mi)
21 December	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	21 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi)
24 December	R-5B Pobeda			Plesetsk		AN
			AN	Suborbital	Aeronomy	24 December	Successful
		Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
25 December	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	25 December	Successful
		Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi)
29 December				Plesetsk		MVS
			MVS	Suborbital	Missile test	29 December	Successful
		Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi)
30 December	R-14 Chusovaya			Plesetsk		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	30 December	Successful
		Apogee: 675 kilometres (419 mi)
December	Nike-Apache			White Sands		US Army
			US Army	Suborbital	Target	December	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
December	T-7A			Shijiedu		SIED
			SIED	Suborbital	Test flight	December	Successful
		Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi)
Unknown	A-350Zh			Sary Shagan LC-6		PRO
			PRO	Suborbital	Missile test	Unknown	Successful
		Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
Unknown	R-21			Project 658 Submarine,		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	Unknown	Successful
		Apogee: 293 kilometres (182 mi)
Unknown	R-9 Desna			Baikonur		RVSN
			RVSN	Suborbital	Missile test	Unknown	Successful
		Apogee: 1,160 kilometres (720 mi)
Unknown	Trailblazer-2M			Wallops Island		NASA
			NASA	Suborbital	REV Test	Unknown	Successful
		Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi)

← Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec →

References

• Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
• Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
• Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
• Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
• Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
• McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
• Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
• Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
• Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
• Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
• "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
• "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
• "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
• "Space Information Center". JAXA.
• "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Generic references:
Spaceflight portal