Yi Ch'un

Names
	Childhood name: Yi Sŏn-rae (이선래; 李善來); Mongolian name: Bayan Temür (바얀테무르; 孛顔帖木兒);
Posthumous name
	First: King Do (도왕, 度王; given in 1392 by King Taejo); Last: King Gongui Seongdo the Great (공의성도대왕, 恭毅聖度大王; given in 1411 by King Taejong);
Temple name
	Dojo (도조; 度祖; sometimes spelled Takjo (탁조) due to other Hanja readings)

Yi Ch'un
이춘
李椿
Yi Ch'un; 이춘; 李椿
King of Joseon (posthumously)
Born	Yi Ch'un (이춘); 1265; Goryeo
Died	24 July 1342 (aged 76–77); Goryeo
Burial	Uireung tomb
Spouse	Queen Gyeongsun; Lady Jo (m.1322)
Issue	5 sons and 3 daughters
Names
Names
	Childhood name: Yi Sŏn-rae (이선래; 李善來); Mongolian name: Bayan Temür (바얀테무르; 孛顔帖木兒);
Posthumous name
	First: King Do (도왕, 度王; given in 1392 by King Taejo); Last: King Gongui Seongdo the Great (공의성도대왕, 恭毅聖度大王; given in 1411 by King Taejong);
Temple name
	Dojo (도조; 度祖; sometimes spelled Takjo (탁조) due to other Hanja readings)
House	Yi
Father	Yi Haeng-ni
Mother	Lady, of the Yeongheung Choe clan

Yi Ch'un (1265 – August 25, 1342^[a]) or known for his Mongolian name Bayan Temür (Mongolian script: Баян төмөр; Pai-yen tö-mör) was the grandfather of Yi Sŏng-gye, founder of the Joseon Dynasty.^[1]

From Yuan dynasty, he replaced his father, Yi Haeng-ni (이행리) as a chiliarch.^[2] He later married Lady Pak of the Munju Pak clan (문주 박씨; the future Queen Gyeongsun) and had 2 sons, they were: Yi Cha-hŭng and Yi Cha-ch'un, the biological father of Yi Sŏng-gye.^{[citation needed]} After Pak's death, Yi remarried again with Lady Cho (조씨), the daughter of Cho Yang-gi (조양기).^[3] In 5 August 1392, his grandson, Yi Sŏng-gye founded the Joseon Dynasty and he posthumously honoured his grandfather as King Gonguiseongdo the Great (공의성도대왕; 恭毅聖度大王) and gave him the temple name Dojo (도조; 度祖).^[4]^{[unreliable source?]} He was buried in Uireung, Hamheung-si, Hamgyeongnam-do and his wife was buried in Sulleung, Heungnam-si, Hamgyeongnam-do.

Family

Father: Yi Haeng-ni, Ikjo of Joseon (조선 익조; 1236–?)
- Grandfather: Yi An-sa, Mokjo of Joseon (조선 목조; 1204–1274)
- Grandmother: Queen Hyogong of the Pyeonchang Yi clan (효공왕후 이씨; 1207–?)
Mother: Queen Jeongsuk of the Deungju Ch'oe clan (1232 – 20 September ?)
- Grandfather: Ch'oe Ki-yŏl, Prince Anbyeon (최기열 안변군; 1205–?)
Wives and their Children(s):

Queen Gyeongsun of the Munju Pak clan (경순왕후 박씨; 1268–?)
1. Princess Munhye (문혜공주; 1283–?) – married Mun In-yŏng (문인영), first daughter
2. Princess Munsuk (문숙공주; 1285–?) – married Kim Ma-bun (김마분; 1285–?), second daughter
3. Yi Cha-hŭng, Grand Prince Wanchang (완창대군; 1287–?), first son
4. Yi Pyŏng, Grand Prince Wancheon (이평 완천대군; 1311–?), second son
5. Yi Cha-ch'un, Hwanjo of Joseon (환조 조선; 1313 – 3 May 1360), third son
6. Yi Cha-sŏn, Grand Prince Wanwon (이자선 완원대군; 1317–1356), fourth son
7. Yi Chong, Grand Prince Wanseong (이종 완성대군; 1320–1385), fifth son
Lady Jo of the Hanyang Cho clan (한양 조씨; 1304–?); daughter of Cho Yang-gi (조양기).
1. Yi Wanja, Prince Bulhwa (이완자 불화; 1323–?), sixth son
2. Yi Nan-hae (이나해; 1325–?), seventh son
3. Princess Munsuk (문숙공주; 1329–?) — married Kim (김방쾌; 1326–?), third daughter
4. Princess Munui (문의공주; 1331–?) – married Hŏ Chung (허중; 1328–?), fourth daughter

Notes

^ In the Chinese calendar (lunar), he died on the 24th day of the 7th Lunar month of the 2nd year of Zhizheng (1342).

References

[1] In the Chinese calendar (lunar), he died on the 24th day of the 7th Lunar month of the 2nd year of Zhizheng (1342).

[2] 도조(度祖). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.

[3] 조선왕조실록. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty.

[4] 조선왕조실록. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty.

[5] [추존] 추존 도조대왕(度祖大王) 이춘(李椿) - 태조 이성계 조부. Naver Blog.

[6] Those who were listed were not reigning monarchs but posthumously recognized; the year following means the year of recognition.

[7] Only the crown princes that didn't become the king were listed; the former year indicates when one officially became the heir and the latter one is that when one died/deposed. Those who ascended to the throne were excluded in the list for simplification.

[8] The title given to the biological father, who never reigned, of the kings who were adopted as the heir to a precedent king.

[9] The de jure monarch of Korea during the era was the Emperor of Japan, while the former Korean emperors were given nobility title "King Yi" instead.

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