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Yang Sophorn
យ៉ាង សុភ័ណ្ឌ
President of the Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions
Incumbent
Assumed office
December 2011
Personal details
Born (1982-01-21) 21 January 1982 (age 42)
Chroy Dorng Village, Samraong Thom Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province, Cambodia
Children2
OccupationTrade unionist

Yang Sophorn (born 21 January 1982) is a Cambodian trade unionist and president of the Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions (CATU). She has been active in the Cambodian trade union movement since 1999[1] and the subject of both official warnings from the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training[2][3] and criminal charges later overturned on appeal.[4] Sophorn has been recognized both domestically within Cambodia[5] and internationally for her trade union activities.[6] She has been vocal in demanding global apparel brands which source from Cambodia such as Nike[7] and Adidas[8] be responsible for labor violations in their overseas supply chains.

Biography

[edit]

Sophorn was born on 21 January 1982 in Chroy Dorng Village, Samraong Thom Commune, Kien Svay District, Kandal Province. Born into poverty, Sophorn first began work in a woodcraft factory at the age of eleven, before shifting to work in a garment factory the following year at twelve years old.[1] In 1999, at the age of seventeen, Sophorn was elected president of the local Free Trade Union of Workers of the Kingdom of Cambodia (FTUWKC)-affiliated trade union in her factory.[1] The next year, in 2000, she was elected vice-president of FTUWKC[1] and served during the time in which the union's president, Chea Vichea, was murdered.[9]

In December 2011, alongside hundreds of other workers, Sophorn participated in the formation of the Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions (CATU), a trade union federation operation in the textile and manufacturing sectors and was elected the union's inaugural president. The union received registration status from the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training in January 2012.[10]

Under Sophorn's leadership, CATU rapidly expanded its membership and recruitment activities and began actively advocating for both the fundamental rights of and improved benefits for its members. In June 2012, Sophorn led a strike of approximately 400 workers at Tai Yang Enterprises after workers feared the factory's announced name change would lead to a loss in seniority benefits.[11] The following month, Sophorn was summoned by the Kandal Provincial Court on allegations of incitement and defamation in connection with the strike.[12] Two weeks after the summons was issued, Sophorn was injured when a group of approximately sixty police intervened to prevent her and striking Tai Yang workers from gathering near National Road 4.[13]

Sophorn was an active participant in the 2013-14 Cambodian protests, with CATU leading a number of protests alongside other trade unions in pursuit of demands for higher minimum wage rates in the textile sector.[14] In March 2014, two months after the wider protests, Sophorn attempted to organize another nation-wide strike of textile workers to demand a minimum wage of US$160 per month, however the initiative failed when other unions pulled out.[15]

In April 2016, Sophorn was part of a group protesting the passage of the Law on Trade Unions in front of the National Assembly before a clash broke out between the protestors and security guards, leaving two union activists with head injuries and Sophorn also injured in the melee.[16][17][18] Sophorn was outspoken in the law's drafting process, raising concerns that the law failed to protect workers' or unions' rights and interests.[19] Following the law's passage, Sophorn has complained of restrictions on peaceful demonstrations[20] and the ability for unions to represent workers owing to implementation of the Law on Trade Unions.[21]

In June 2016, Sophorn was re-elected for a second term as President of CATU.

In July 2018, Sophorn, along with trade union leaders Pao Sina, Morm Nhem, Ath Thorn, Chea Mony and Rong Chhun, was charged with aggravated intentional violence, threat to destroy and obstruction of public traffic purportedly committed on Veng Sreng Boulevard during the 2013-14 protests. In December, Sophorn and the other five union leaders were convicted in a trial at the Phnom Penh Court of First Instance where their charges were altered to instigating aggravated intentional violence, threats of destruction and obstruction of public traffic. Sophorn received a two-and-a-half year wholly suspended prison sentence and was ordered to jointly pay 35 million Khmer Riel in medical costs alongside the other convicted union leaders. In May 2019, Sophorn's conviction and those of the other five trade union leaders was overturned by the Appeal Court.[22]

Following the announced closure of Violet Apparel (Cambodia) Co., Ltd in June 2020, Sophorn led a strike of over 1,000 workers demanding benefits they claimed had not been paid to them. The Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training responded to the protest by issuing Sophorn with an official warning, accusing her of having incited and led an illegal demonstration and stating that her union could be dissolved if the protest continued.[23] Sophorn rejected the Ministry's accusations, stating that as a union leader she had the right to meet with her members and that she hadn't threatened anyone.[23]

In September 2020, Sophorn was re-elected for a third term as president of CATU, with Morm Channa elected as vice-president, Mai Sopheakday as secretary and Mao Srey Mom as treasurer.

Sophorn was further warned by the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training in August 2022 in connection with ongoing protests at NagaWorld casino led by the Labor Rights Supported Union of Khmer Employees of NagaWorld (LRSU). The Ministry warned Sophorn against conducting union activities outside of her sector and to cease forcing NagaWorld workers to continue their strike, stating that she would be subject to "punishment" if she continued her "illegal activities".[24] The warning came shortly after Sophorn had threatened to call out CATU members to join the NagaWorld strike if it was not quickly resolved.[25] In response, a group of twenty-four Cambodian unions and civil society organizations issued a statement collectively rejecting the warning issued to Sophorn[3] and approximately fifty NagaWorld workers also petitioned the Ministry to rescind the warning.[26]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Cambodian Center for Human Rights. "Women Human Rights Defenders' Calendar 2020 - Mrs Yang Sophorn". CCHR. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  2. ^ Khy, Sovuthy (3 July 2020). "Labor Ministry warns union leader for allegedly inciting workers". CamboJA News. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b Samoun, Nhoek (11 August 2022). "Labor and Civil Rights Organizations Deny Labor Ministry Accusations that Yang Sophorn Had no Mandate to Lead the NagaWorld Protests". Cambodianess. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  4. ^ Mom, Kunthear (30 May 2019). "Appeal Court overturns convictions of six unionists". Khmer Times. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  5. ^ Murray, Bennett (7 March 2014). "Garment unions: the call for women to represent women". Phnom Penh Post. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  6. ^ Khojasteh, Negar Mohtashami (8 December 2023). "Champions of Change: Activists Leading the Fight Against Gender-Based Violence at Work". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  7. ^ Clean Clothes Campaign (20 July 2023). "Leading rights groups call on Nike to push its supplier Ramatex to remediate supply chain abuses in Cambodia". Clean Clothes Campaign. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  8. ^ Sovann, Sreypich (12 May 2023). "Independent Union Coalition Demands Adidas Consider Workers' Benefits Following Closures". CamboJA News. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  9. ^ Leal, Caroline (22 September 2023). "No Way Out of Poverty". Oxfam Canada. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  10. ^ Cambodian Alliance of Trade Unions (12 June 2014). "ការបង្កើតសម្ព័ន្ធសហជីពកម្ពុជា". CATU. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  11. ^ Phok, Dorn (25 July 2012). "Workers Claim Police Beat Them During Factory Protest". The Cambodia Daily. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  12. ^ Mom, Kunthear (11 July 2012). "Union boss accused of strike incitement". Phnom Penh Post. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  13. ^ Mom, Kunthear (25 July 2012). "Cops allegedly attacked garment strikers". Phnom Penh Post. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  14. ^ Mom, Kunthear; Meas, Sokchea; Teehan, Sean (27 December 2013). "Strike numbers swell". Phnom Penh Post. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  15. ^ Mech, Dara (13 March 2014). "On 1st Day, Garment Strike Gains Little Traction". The Cambodia Daily. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  16. ^ Prak, Chan Thul (5 April 2016). "Cambodia passes disputed trade union law as tension flares". Reuters. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  17. ^ Khamboly, Dy (15 June 2016). "Unions and Employers Deeply Divided Over Cambodia's Trade Union Law". VOA. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  18. ^ Pech, Sotheary; Baliga, Ananth (5 April 2016). "Trade union law passes". Phnom Penh Post. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016.
  19. ^ Hul, Reaksmey (6 January 2016). "Labor Leaders Fear Union Law Will Pass Without Meaningful Changes". VOA. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  20. ^ Vannarin, Neou (4 July 2016). "Labor Leaders Speak Out Against Union Law". VOA. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  21. ^ Yon, Sineat; Chen, Daphne (15 December 2017). "Controversial Trade Union Law having desired effect?". Phnom Penh Post. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  22. ^ Mom, Kunthear (30 May 2019). "Appeal Court overturns convictions of six unionists". Khmer Times. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  23. ^ a b Khut, Sokun (3 July 2020). "Labor Ministry Warns Union Leader Over "Incitement" of Workers". VOD. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  24. ^ Phin, Rathana (5 August 2022). "Prominent Union Leader Accused of 'Coercing' NagaWorld Protests". VOD. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  25. ^ Yalirozy, Teng (6 July 2022). "Mass Inter-Unions Strike Considered if NagaWorld Dispute Unsolved". Cambodianess. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  26. ^ RFA Khmer (11 August 2022). "Cambodian authorities clash with NagaWorld protesters, leaving several injured". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
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