Xylorhiza tortifolia
Xylorhiza tortifolia | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Xylorhiza |
Species: | X. tortifolia
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Binomial name | |
Xylorhiza tortifolia | |
Synonyms | |
Xylorhiza tortifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common names Mojave-aster and Mojave woodyaster.[4]
Distribution
[edit]The flowering plant is native to the Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, and Great Basin Desert ecoregions of the southwestern United States, California, and northwestern Mexico.[5]
It grows in arid canyons and bajadas/washes, from 240–2,000 metres (790–6,560 ft) in elevation. Habitats it is found in include creosote bush scrub, saltbush scrub, and Joshua tree woodlands.[4]
Description
[edit]Xylorhiza tortifolia is a perennial herb or subshrub with branching, hairy, glandular stems that reach 60–80 centimetres (24–31 in) in height/length. The leaves are linear, lance-shaped, or oval, with pointed or spiny tips and spiny edges, while the leaf surfaces are hairy and glandular.
The inflorescence is a solitary flower head borne on a long peduncle. The head has a base with long, narrow phyllaries which may be over 2 centimeters long. The head contains up to 60 or more lavender, pale blue, or white ray florets which may be over 3 centimeters long. The bloom period is March through June.[4]
The fruit is an achene which may be over a centimeter long, including its pappus of bristles.
Varieties
[edit]- Xylorhiza tortifolia var. imberbis — Imberis woodyaster, Great Basin region in Nevada, Utah, Arizona.[6]
- Xylorhiza tortifolia var. parashantensis — Parashant woodyaster, endemic to Arizona.[7]
- Xylorhiza tortifolia var. tortifolia — Mojave aster, Mojave woodyaster, a variety primarily native to the higher/winter colder Mojave Desert, and Owens Valley of the Great Basin region, from 240–2,000 metres (790–6,560 ft) in elevation.[8][9]
Taxonomy
[edit]Desert species of this aster with a woody base (Xylorhiza means woody base) are classified under the genus Xylorhiza, and have been removed from the large and complex genus Machaeranthera, where they were placed for many decades.[10] A similar species, Xylorhiza wrightii−Big Bend aster, is native to the Chihuahuan Desert in western Texas and northern Mexico.[10]
Uses
[edit]The Havasupai used the plant for incense and fragrance, with ground leaves carried in the clothes and used as perfume by men and women to counteract body odors.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ NatureServe (6 December 2024). "Xylorhiza tortifolia | NatureServe Explorer". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
- ^ Blake 1925, p. 556, 562.
- ^ Coulter 1893, p. 126.
- ^ a b c Calflora: Xylorhiza tortifolia
- ^ Flora of North America − Xylorhiza tortifolia
- ^ USDA: Xylorhiza tortifolia var. imberbis
- ^ USDA: Xylorhiza tortifolia var. parashantensis
- ^ Calflora: Xylorhiza tortifolia var. tortifolia
- ^ Jepson eFlora: Xylorhiza tortifolia var. tortifolia
- ^ a b Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Information Network−NPIN: Xylorhiza cognata (Mojave aster, Mojave woodyaster)
- ^ Native American Ethnobotany Database: Xylorhiza tortifolia var. tortifolia
Bibliography
[edit]- Blake, Sidney Fay (1925). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vol. 25. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Coulter, John Merle (1893). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vol. 4. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
External links
[edit]- Calflora Database: Xylorhiza tortifolia (Mojave woodyaster)
- USDA Plants Profile for Xylorhiza tortifolia (Mojave woodyaster)
- Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Xylorhiza tortifolia var. tortifolia
- UC Photos gallery for Xylorhiza tortifolia
- Media related to Xylorhiza tortifolia at Wikimedia Commons
- NatureServe apparently secure species
- Astereae
- Flora of Northwestern Mexico
- Flora of the Southwestern United States
- Flora of the California desert regions
- Flora of the Great Basin
- Flora of the Sonoran Deserts
- Natural history of the Colorado Desert
- Natural history of the Mojave Desert
- Taxa named by Asa Gray
- Taxa named by John Torrey