William John Smith Jerome
William J. Smith Jerome | |
|---|---|
| Born | William John Smith 1839 |
| Died | 1929 |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | University College London University of Oxford |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | |
| Institutions | Charing Cross Hospital Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne University of Oxford |
William John Smith Jerome (1839-1929) was a physician, physiologist[1] and pharmacologist who co-founded the Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne in 1870[2] and founded the Department of Pharmacology in the University of Oxford in 1898.[3]
Early life and education
[edit]Smith was born in London, England in 1839. He took his mother’s maiden name of Jerome in 1894. His family residence was Basingstoke when he registered for his medical education in University College London in 1857. He received prizes and awards including gold medals in anatomy and physiology, materia medica and therapeutics, midwifery, surgery, medicine and the Atkinson-Morley surgical scholarship in 1862.[4] He qualified in membership of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1861 and graduated in medicine (M.B. Lond.) in 1863. He received an M.A. in 1902 at New College, University of Oxford.[5]
Research and career
[edit]Smith studied and worked .on the continent in Paris, Bonn, Freiburg, Marburg, Göttingen and Hanover. From 1868-69 he was appointed lecturer in Botany at Charing Cross Hospital.[1]
In 1869, Smith traveled to Australia and registered with the medical board in Melbourne. In April 1870 Smith was appointed demonstrator in anatomy and curator of the Pathological Museum Melbourne (1870-71)[6] working for George B. Halford, the University of Melbourne’s first Professor of anatomy, physiology and pathology. The university supplied jars and the hospital provided cases from where the Harry Brookes Allen Museum of Anatomy and Pathology developed.[7][8]
In 1870, the Australian Medical Journal reported that "Dr. William Smith, Demonstrator of Anatomy at the University, commenced a hospital for children".[9] The hospital Smith co-founded with Dr John Singleton became The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne.[10] Smith resigned in 1871 and moved to a general practice in Casterton. In 1875, he returned to the continent and published five papers in Pflügers Archives including with Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger in 1883 from the Physiological Laboratory, Bonn[11][12] and from 1893 on biochemical components of urine as indicators of physiology from the Chemical Laboratories of Karl Arnold in the Royal Veterinary College, Hanover[13][14][15].
In 1897, Smith Jerome published a paper from the medical department in the University of Oxford on the formation of uric acid influenced by diet.[16] In the same year the Regius Professor of Medicine, Sir Burdon-Sanderson, announced the appointment of Smith Jerome from 1898-99 as Lecturer on Medical Pharmacology and Materia Medica.[17][18] In 1898 Smith Jerome published research from ‘the Pharmacological Department, Oxford’.[19] He gave a public lecture in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History on "Pharmacology: its aims and methods", which was published in The Lancet.[20] In 1899 Smith Jerome published papers on analysis of urine with a focus on uric acid in the Journal of Physiology[21] and The Lancet in 1905.[22] He was elected a member of the Physiological Society in 1900 and taught pharmacology in the University of Oxford from 1898-1908.
An article on medical teaching in the University of Oxford in the British Medical Journal in 1906[23] included: "pharmacology is excellently taught at Oxford, but it is only right to say that the credit for this belongs not to the University, but to the lecturer, Dr. Smith Jerome, in his teaching capacity, presents the picture, said by the ancients to be pleasing to the gods, of a good man struggling with adversity. He is an enthusiast who devotes himself to teaching as a labour of love. He lectures, prepares solutions, makes the arrangements for experiments and directs the practical work of his students in a sort of out-house in the Museum ground which is little better than a shed. For nine years he has done all this for a pittance which does not cover the expenses of his department. His only assistant is a boy who does little more than sweep out the rooms." While other departments had received donations, without adequate provision Smith Jerome resigned in 1908. In 1912, his position was succeeded by J.A. Gunn who was given the title of Reader, later Professor, in Pharmacology.[24]
After Oxford, Smith Jerome lived in Sestri Ponente, Italy. In 1924 he published a paper on the physiological action of an Italian method for treating respiratory infections through salt inhalation.[25] While in his eighties, he wrote in the Section of Therapeutics and Pharmacology in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine on ‘The Unknown Factors of Gout’.[26] in 1925.
References
[edit]- ^ a b O'Connor, W. J. (1991). British physiologists 1885-1914: a biographical dictionary. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3282-0.
- ^ Yule, Peter (1999). "1". Faith, Science and Love: The History of the Royal Children's Hospital. Halstead Press. ISBN 9781875684380.
- ^ "Our history". Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford.
- ^ "UCL Calendar for 1862-63". University College London (UCL).
- ^ "Matriculation". Oxford University Gazette. 32: 623. June 17, 1902.
- ^ "History". Harry Brookes Allen Museum of Anatomy and Pathology.
- ^ Russell, Kenneth Fitzpatrick (1977). The Melbourne Medical School, 1862-1962. Carlton, Australia : Melbourne Univ. Press ; Forest Grove, or International Scholarly Book Services. ISBN 9780522841138.
- ^ King, E. S. J. (1951). "The Story of the Melbourne Medical School of Pathology". Medical Journal of Australia. 2: 101–107.
- ^ "Local topics". Australian Medical Journal: 286. September 1870.
- ^ "Dr William John Smith". The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne.
- ^ Pflüger, E.; Smith, William J. (1883-12-01). "Untersuchungen über Bastardirung der anuren Batrachier und die Principien der Zeugung". Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere (in German). 32 (1): 519–541. doi:10.1007/BF01628864. ISSN 1432-2013.
- ^ Smith, William J. (1883-12-01). "Beitrag zur differentiellen Diagnose der Rana fusca s. platyrrhinus und Rana arvalis s. oxyrrhinus auf Grund der an den Gaumenzähnen nachweisbaren Unterschiede". Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere (in German). 32 (1): 581–588. doi:10.1007/BF01628866. ISSN 1432-2013.
- ^ Smith, William J. (1894-02-01). "Zur Kenntniss der Schwefelsäure-Bildung im Organismus". Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere (in German). 55 (11): 542–549. doi:10.1007/BF01661796. ISSN 1432-2013.
- ^ Smith, William J. (1894-07-01). "Weiteres über die Schwefelsäure-Bildung im Organismus". Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere (in German). 57 (8): 418–426. doi:10.1007/BF01662197. ISSN 1432-2013.
- ^ Smith Jerome, William J. (1895-05-01). "Ueber eine abnormale Schwefel-Ausscheidung bei einer Hündin". Archiv für die gesamte Physiologie des Menschen und der Tiere (in German). 60 (5): 233–249. doi:10.1007/BF01647716. ISSN 1432-2013.
- ^ Jerome, William J. Smith (1897). "The Formation of Uric Acid in Man, and the Influence of Diet on its Daily Output". The Journal of Physiology. 22 (1–2): 146–158. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1897.sp000683. ISSN 1469-7793. PMC 1512702. PMID 16992428.
- ^ Burdon-Sanderson, J. (June 6, 1899). "Eleventh Annual Report of the Delegates of the University Museum (for 1898) - Report of the Regius Professor of Medicine". Oxford University Gazette. 960: 603.
- ^ "University and Educational Intelligence". Nature. 57 (1463): 46–46. 1897-11-01. doi:10.1038/057046a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
- ^ Jerome, William J. Smith (1898). "The Relation of the Degree of Acidity of the Urine and the Percentage of Uric Acid therein contained to the Precipitation of the latter in the form of Uric Acid Gravel". The Journal of Physiology. 23 (4): 315–324. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1898.sp000731. ISSN 1469-7793. PMC 1516535. PMID 16992461.
- ^ "A Public Lecture on Pharmacology: Its Aims and Methods". The Lancet. 151 (3902): 1599–1603. 1898-06-11. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)78243-8. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ^ Jerome, William J. Smith (1899). "Further proofs of the origin of uric acid from nuclein-compounds and derivatives". The Journal of Physiology. 25 (1): 98–104. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1899.sp000780. ISSN 1469-7793. PMC 1516824. PMID 16992519.
- ^ Jerome, WilliamJ Smith (1905-07-15). "The Influence of Fruit on the Precipitation of the Uric Acid of the Urine". The Lancet. 166 (4272): 142–147. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)13858-4. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ^ "The Oxford Medical School". British Medical Journal. 1 (2373). British Medical Journal Publishing Group: 1479–1491. 1906-06-23. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.2373.1479. ISSN 0007-1447.
- ^ "J. A. Gunn". British Medical Journal. 2 (5104): 1107–1108. 1958-11-01. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2026860. PMID 13584868.
- ^ Jerome, William J. Smith (1924). "On the Physiological Action of the Dry-Inhalation of Sodium Chloride: An Italian Method of Treatment". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 17 (Balneol Climatol Sect): 1. PMC 2201577. PMID 19983492.
- ^ Smith Jerome, William J. (1925-03-01). "The Unknown Factors of Gout". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 18 (Ther_Pharmacol): 17–20. doi:10.1177/003591572501802503. ISSN 0035-9157.