Wikipedia:Release Version

Main page: Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team

Articles approved for the next offline release The next release version, Version 0.9, will be a general release taken from the English version of Wikipedia, compiled by the Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team. The selection will be put together using a Selection Bot, based on criteria of quality and importance. The previous version was Wikipedia:Version 0.8, which (as of September 2011) is available for download from its project page, based largely on a bot selection from articles tagged by WikiProjects. To supplement the automated scheme, we also use a manual nomination system similar to the system used by Version 0.5, Version 0.7 and Version 0.8, and only the articles chosen manually are listed below. If you find or contribute to an article meeting the criteria, you can add it to the nominations page for an impartial reviewer to assess and, if successful, to add to this list. Articles are removed if they fail to meet the criteria. There is also an alternative listing and statistics table updated automatically from the talk page templates by WP 1.0 bot every three days or so. At present, these also only include the manually selected articles. The following list is manually generated, so there might be omissions. Please check the talk page of an article to see whether it has a WP1.0 template indicating a pass (or fail/held). Such omissions should be rectified with a bot run when the final list is compiled. Manual list (now obsolete) Miscellaneous Miscellaneous ­  Note: This section is temporary - articles will be put into one of the later categories before publication. Miscellaneous Arts Art and architecture General The arts — Culture — Dance — Museum — Performing arts — Visual arts Architecture Architecture — Belton House — Matthew Brettingham — Buckingham Palace — Cathedral of Christ the Saviour — Cathedral of Magdeburg — Deconstructivism — Giza Necropolis — Holkham Hall — House — IG Farben Building — Robert Lawson (architect) — Frank Lloyd Wright — Benjamin Mountfort — Palace of Westminster — Palazzo Pitti — Palladian architecture — Parthenon — Francis Petre — Prince's Palace of Monaco — Roof — Shrine of Remembrance — Sanssouci — Sicilian Baroque — Templon — Theatre Royal, Drury Lane — John Vanbrugh — Vilnius Castle Complex — Xanadu Houses — Palace of Versailles Art Art Abstract expressionism — Art competitions at the Summer Olympics — Buddhist art — Drawing — Impressionism — Kitsch — Mona Lisa — Japanese art — Jewellery — Painting — Photography — Sculpture — Surrealism — Theory of Colours — Book of Kells — Artists Felice Beato— Canaletto — Salvador Dalí — M. C. Escher — Vincent van Gogh — Wassily Kandinsky — Paul Kane — El Lissitzky — Michelangelo — Henry Moore — Pablo Picasso — Raphael — Rembrandt — Auguste Rodin — Diego Velázquez — Leonardo da Vinci — Roman Vishniac — Andy Warhol — Ilya Repin Museums and galleries National Gallery — Hermitage Museum — The Louvre — Metropolitan Museum of Art Dance Sergei Diaghilev — Bob Fosse — Martha Graham — Marius Petipa — Hip-hop dance Music ­  For opera and musicals, see also under theatre (Language and literature) Music theory Absolute pitch — Tempo By nation, people, region or country American popular music — Music of Albania — Music of Canada — Music of Barbados — Music of Dominica — Music of Finland — Music of Hungary — Music of Italy — Music of the Lesser Antilles — Music of Maryland — Music of Minnesota — Music of Nigeria — Music of Philadelphia — Music of the United States Classical music composers Johann Sebastian Bach — Ludwig van Beethoven — Rebecca Clarke (composer) — Joseph Haydn — Felix Mendelssohn — Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart — Josquin des Prez — Giacomo Puccini — Sergei Rachmaninoff — Franz Schubert— Robert Schumann — Dmitri Shostakovich — Igor Stravinsky — Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky — Giuseppe Verdi — Antonio Vivaldi — Richard Wagner Classical musicians Includes singers, conductors. Also see the Opera section of Theatre & Film, under Language & Literature, which should duplicate opera entries here. Maria Callas — Plácido Domingo — Arturo Toscanini Classical music works The Rite of Spring — The Nutcracker — Swan Lake — Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven) — Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven) — Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn) Radio John Peel Genres, styles and eras Baroque music — Classical music — Folk music — Gregorian chant — Grunge — Jazz — Medieval music — Music — Popular music — Punk rock — Renaissance music — Salsa music Instruments Cello — Double bass — Guqin — Piano — Violin Music festivals Eurovision Song Contest Performers and composers, non-classical Adams, Bryan — Armstrong, Louis — Arctic Monkeys — The Beatles — Irving Berlin — Bernstein, Leonard — Carey, Mariah — Cash, Johnny — The Clash — Cohan, George — The Cure — Daft Punk — Davis, Miles — Dion, Celine — Duran Duran — Dylan, Bob — Gaye, Marvin — Gilbert, W. S. — Grateful Dead — Iron Maiden — Jackson, Michael — Juanes — The KLF — Krauss, Alison — Marley, Bob — McCartney, Paul — Merman, Ethel — Metallica — Minogue, Kylie — Nirvana (band) — No Doubt — Piaf, Édith — Pink Floyd — Porter, Cole — Presley, Elvis — Queen (band) — Radiohead — Selena — Tool (band) — Tiësto — Shakur, Tupac — Slayer — The Smashing Pumpkins — Springsteen, Bruce — Stefani, Gwen — The Supremes — The Temptations — Underoath — Yankovic, "Weird Al" — Nelson, Willie — Zappa, Frank— Sum 41 — Metallica— Keith, Toby Recordings and compositions Hey Jude — Himno Nacional Mexicano — (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction — I Want to Hold Your Hand — Illmatic — Layla — My Belarusy — National Anthem of Russia — Sympathy for the Devil Theatre, film and television Theatre Theatre Abbey Theatre — Aeschylus — Augusta, Lady Gregory — Samuel Beckett — Colley Cibber — Noël Coward — T. S. Eliot — Václav Havel — Henrik Ibsen — Irish theatre — John Millington Synge — The Relapse — Restoration comedy — Romeo and Juliet — Tragedy — William Shakespeare — Theatre Royal, Drury Lane Opera and musicals Also see "Music" section (under Arts). Opera Maria Callas — Plácido Domingo — Gilbert_and_Sullivan — W. S. Gilbert — George Grossmith — H.M.S. Pinafore — Iolanthe — Parsifal — The Pirates of Penzance — Porgy and Bess — Gioachino Rossini — Arthur_Sullivan — The Gondoliers — Trial by Jury — Giuseppe Verdi — West Side Story Films Film Blade Runner — Casablanca — Cinema of the United States — Gremlins — Halloween — High Noon — Hong Kong action cinema — Jaws — King Kong — The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) — Night of the Living Dead — Our Gang — Ran — Richard III — Star Wars — Summer of '42 — Sunset Boulevard (film) — Tenebrae (film) — The Chaplin Revue — Trembling Before G-d‎ — Triumph of the Will — Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Actors, models and celebrities Charlie Chaplin — Sean Connery — Gary Cooper — Bette Davis — Jane Fonda — Henry Fonda — Judy Garland — Cary Grant — Diane Keaton — Grace Kelly — Bruce Lee — Vivien Leigh — Jayne Mansfield — Hattie McDaniel — Laurence Olivier — Regis Philbin — Sidney Poitier‎ — James Stewart — Sharon Tate — Gene Tierney Producers, directors & media figures James Thomas Aubrey, Jr. — Walt Disney — Alfred Hitchcock — Stanley Kubrick — Akira Kurosawa — Sydney Newman— Ingmar Bergman— Television Television BBC — BBC television drama — Mass media Television programmes Apu Nahasapeemapetilon — Avatar: The Last Airbender — Cheers — Dallas (1978 TV series) — Doctor Who — Family Guy — James T. Kirk — Passions — The Quatermass Experiment — Quatermass and the Pit — Sesame Street — The Simpsons — Scooby-Doo — Star Trek — The West Wing — The Wire Playwrights and Screenwriters Aaron Sorkin — William Monahan Language and literature Language and linguistics ­  Alphabets and transliteration Å — Abjad — Abugida — Acute accent — Alphabet — Armenian alphabet — Brahmi script — C — Chinese characters — Cuneiform — Cyrillic alphabets — Devanagari — Egyptian hieroglyphs — Everson, Michael, see Michael Everson — Ge'ez script — Greek alphabet — Hebrew alphabet — Indus script — International Phonetic Alphabet — Japanese writing system — Latin alphabet — Leet — Maya script — Michael Everson — Proto-Sinaitic script — Ogham — Vinča symbols — Phaistos Disc — Phoenician alphabet — Rongorongo — Runes — Simplified Chinese characters — Syllabary — Tajik alphabet — Writing — Writing system Languages Language Amharic language — Arabic language — Bengali language — Chinese language — English language — French language — German language — Hebrew language‎ — Hindi — Ido — Japanese language — Latin — Language isolate — Morse code — Portuguese language — Romanian language — Russian language — Spanish language — Swedish language — Tamil language — Tigrinya language — Turkish language — Vulgar Latin Linguistics Linguistics — Names of the Greeks — Noam Chomsky — Vowel — Stuttering — Split infinitive Literature ­  Literature Literature Miscellaneous Book — Encyclopædia Britannica — Information — Library of Congress — Publishing — Three Laws of Robotics — Wikipedia Classes of literature African-American literature — Augustan literature — Cyberpunk — Fiction — Imagism — Medieval literature — Mythology (see under religion for mythology articles) — Novel — Restoration literature — Theatre (see also theatre section below) — Turkish literature Specific works -- novels The Brothers Karamazov — Crime and Punishment — Erast Fandorin series — Frankenstein — The Giver — The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy — The Illuminatus! Trilogy — The Lord of the Rings — Nineteen Eighty-Four — The Old Man and the Sea — Oroonoko — Starship Troopers — A Tale of a Tub — The Gulag Archipelago — Treasure Island — War and Peace Specific works -- miscellaneous Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches — The Cantos — The Country Wife — Hrafnkels saga — Peterborough Chronicle — The Protocols of the Elders of Zion — Ormulum — Uncle Tom's Cabin — Voynich manuscript Cartoons and Comics Avengers (comics) — Batman — Calvin and Hobbes — Captain America — Captain Marvel (DC Comics) — Comics — Coonskin (film) — Fantastic Four — Felix the Cat — Fritz the Cat (film) — Iron Man — Krazy Kat — Scooby-Doo — The Simpsons — Silver Age of Comic Books — Silver Surfer — Spider-Man — SpongeBob SquarePants — Storm (Marvel Comics) — Superman — The Adventures of Tintin — Walt Disney — Watchmen — Willy Vandersteen Poetry Alliterative verse — English poetry — Irish poetry — Modernist poetry in English — Objectivist poets — Poetry — American poetry — Sonnet 18 Literary characters Erast Fandorin — Troilus Writers and critics -- Americas Mário de Andrade — Isaac Asimov — L. Frank Baum — Saul Bellow — Jorge Luis Borges — William F. Buckley, Jr. — H.D. — T. S. Eliot — F. Scott Fitzgerald — Robert A. Heinlein — David Helvarg — Ernest Hemingway — Henry James — Jack Kerouac — Joyce Kilmer— Bruno Maddox‎ — William March — Vladimir Nabokov — Flannery O'Connor— Edgar Allan Poe — Thomas Pynchon — Ayn Rand — Hunter S. Thompson — Mark Twain — Kurt Vonnegut — Walt Whitman Writers and critics – Europe Douglas Adams — Dante Alighieri — Augusta, Lady Gregory — Jane Austen — Desiderius Erasmus — Samuel Beckett — Lord Byron — Cædmon — Miguel de Cervantes — Geoffrey Chaucer — Anton Chekhov — Colley Cibber — Charles Dickens — Fyodor Dostoyevsky — Anne Frank — Johann Wolfgang von Goethe — Graham Greene — Brothers Grimm — Homer — Victor Hugo — Henrik Ibsen — James Joyce — Franz Kafka — Rudyard Kipling — John Milton — Vladimir Nabokov — Ezra Pound — Marcel Proust — Bolesław Prus — Alexander Pushkin — J. K. Rowling — Walter Scott — William Shakespeare — Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn — John Millington Synge — J. R. R. Tolkien — Leo Tolstoy — Virgil — Voltaire — Oscar Wilde — W. B. Yeats — Taras Shevchenko — Anna Akhmatova — Maxim Gorky — Nikolai Gogol — Ivan Turgenev — Ian Fleming— Writers and critics - other continents Du Fu — Muhammad Iqbal — Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi — Rabindranath Tagore Philosophy and religion Philosophy ­  Philosophers G. E. M. Anscombe — Aristotle — Francis Bacon — Confucius — Donald Davidson — René Descartes — Gottlob Frege — Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel — Thomas Hobbes — David Hume — Immanuel Kant — Søren Kierkegaard — Laozi — John Locke — Niccolò Machiavelli — Friedrich Nietzsche — Plato — Karl Popper — Hilary Putnam — Ayn Rand — John Rawls — Jean-Jacques Rousseau — Duns Scotus — Socrates — Henry David Thoreau — Ludwig Wittgenstein — Mary Wollstonecraft Philosophical thought and movements Philosophy Aesthetics — Age of Enlightenment — Anarchism — Beauty — Empiricism — Ethics — Existentialism — Free will — Heuristic — Logic — Metaphysics — Mind — Nihilism — Philosophy of mind — Protestant Reformation — Social contract — Stoicism — Taoism — Toleration — Transhumanism — Truth‎ — Utilitarianism Religion and beliefs ­  Divinities Allah — Amun — Apollo — Athena — Enki — God — Ganesha — Isis — Moloch — Osiris — Quetzalcoatl — Shiva — Vishnu — Zeus Myths Atlantis — Creationism — Greek mythology — King Arthur — Maya mythology — Norse mythology — Roman mythology — Slavic mythology — Spring Heeled Jack Places of worship Angkor Wat — Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Moscow) — Mosque Symbols Cross — Star of David — Swastika — Yin and yang Religious disputes For Crusades articles, see history Creation-evolution controversy Religious figures and leaders List of popes — Abraham — Thomas Aquinas — Augustine of Hippo — Gautama Buddha — John Calvin — Columba — Aleister Crowley — David — Father Damien — Francis of Assisi — Gregory of Nazianzus — Jesus — John Knox — L. Ron Hubbard — Martin Luther — Mary (mother of Jesus) — Moses — Mother Teresa — Muhammad — Nostradamus — Paul of Tarsus — Saint Peter — Pope Benedict XVI — Pope John Paul II — Pope Pius XII — Adi Shankara — Early life of Joseph Smith, Jr. — Desmond Tutu — Zoroaster Religious movements, traditions and organizations Religion Agnosticism — Anglicanism — Animism — Assyrian Church of the East — Atheism — Ayyavazhi — Bahá'í Faith — Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University — Buddhism — Catholicism — Christianity — Confucianism — Greco-Buddhism — Hinduism — History of Buddhism — History of Jews in Poland — Islam — Jehovah's Witnesses — Judaism — Knights of Columbus — Mormon — Mysticism — New Age — Oriental Orthodoxy — Religious Society of Friends — Roman Catholic Church — Seventh-day Adventist Church — Shinto — Shamanism — Sikhism — The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — Zoroastrianism Religious texts Bhagavad Gita — Bible — Qur'an — Talmud — Torah — Revised Standard Version Miscellaneous Anekantavada — Anno Domini — Brahman — Buddha — Dharma — Hebrew calendar — Idolatry — Names of God in Judaism — Operation Auca — Reincarnation — Satan — Shroud of Turin — Spirituality‎ — Soul — Star of Bethlehem — Trimurti — Trinity Everyday life Everyday life ­  General topics Note: Many of these articles are also listed under more specific subject headings. Advertising — Aquarium — Business — Calendar — Circus — Clothing — Crime — Culture — Day — Education — Emotion — Festival — Health — Hobby — Family — House — Humour — Information — Jewellery — Law — Leisure — Love — Mail — Mass media — Money — Park — Party — Pet — Popular culture — Recreation — Shoe polish — Silk — Sleep — Toy Food and drink ­  Food and agriculture Food — Agriculture — Banana — Barley — Black pepper— Bread — Butter— Cattle — Cereal — Cheese — Chicken — Chocolate — Cocoa — Fermentation (food) — Fishing — Flax — Flour — Fruit — Maize — Meat — Medieval cuisine — Pasta — Potato — Rice — Saffron — Salt — Soup — Soybean — Sugar — Sunflower — Sushi — Tofu — Vegetable — Vegetable fats and oils — Wheat Drink Drink Absinthe — Beer — Coffee — Fermentation (food) — Milk — Tea — Vodka — Whisky — Wine — Miscellaneous Cigarette — Soap — Smoking Recreation ­  Recreation Circus Video games and computer games 3D Monster Maze — Chrono Trigger — Donkey Kong (video game) — Doom — Electronic Arts — Final Fantasy VI — Final Fantasy VII — Final Fantasy VIII— Final Fantasy X — Final Fantasy X-2 — Golden Sun — Half-Life 2 — Halo: Combat Evolved — The Legend of Zelda (series) — The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker — Link (The Legend of Zelda) — Massively multiplayer online role-playing game — Mortal Kombat (video game) Neopets — Nintendo — Nintendo Entertainment System — Perfect Dark — Pokémon — StarCraft — Super Mario 64 — Video games — World of Warcraft Games For computer/video games, see the previous section. Game Backgammon — Blackjack — Card game — Carom billiards — Chess — Dice — Gambling — Go (board game) — Monopoly (game) — Texas hold 'em — The Turk (chess "machine") Hobbies Amateur astronomy — Amateur radio Sports Sport Aikido — Athletics (sport) — American football — Australian rules football — Baseball — Basketball — Canadian football — Cricket — FIFA World Cup — Floorball — Football — Football (soccer) — Formula One — Glossary of cue sports terms — Golf — Ice hockey — List of Test cricket triple centuries — Rugby football — Rugby League — Rugby union — Tennis — Track and field Sports events Australian Open — The Championships, Wimbledon — French Open (tennis) — Grand Slam (tennis) — Olympic Games — Rugby World Cup — U.S. Open (tennis) — 1896 Summer Olympics — 1995 Pacific Grand Prix Sports figures (general) Hank Aaron — Muhammad Ali — David Beckham — Fanny Blankers-Koen — Donald Bradman — Terry Bradshaw — Brian Close — Lottie Dod — Wayne Gretzky — Damon Hill — Michael Jordan — Garry Kasparov — Sandy Koufax — Denis Law — Diego Maradona — Mickey Mantle — Hakeem Olajuwon — Ronnie O'Sullivan — Jesse Owens — Pelé — Alain Prost — Jackie Robinson — Sugar Ray Robinson — Bill Russell — Babe Ruth — Nolan Ryan — Michael Schumacher — Lawrence Taylor — Dwyane Wade — Tiger Woods Sports figures (tennis) Note: This selection came via a set nomination; other sports will be equally well represented in the final release. If you wish, you may make a similar set nomination for another sport. List of male tennis players — List of female tennis players — Andre Agassi — Arthur Ashe — Björn Borg — Margaret Court — Chris Evert — Roger Federer — Steffi Graf — Justine Henin — Martina Hingis — Billie Jean King — Rod Laver — Ivan Lendl — John McEnroe — Helen Wills Moody — Martina Navratilova — Fred Perry — Pete Sampras — Monica Seles — "Big Bill" Tilden — Serena Williams — Venus Williams Sports teams Chicago Bears — New England Patriots Society and social sciences Awards and heraldry ­  Military decorations Hero of Ukraine — Medal of Honor — Virtuti Militari Civilian awards Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America) — History of merit badges (Boy Scouts of America) — Order of the Bath — Order of Canada — Order of the Garter — Order of St. Patrick — Order of the Thistle Heraldry Heraldry — Canadian Heraldic Authority Economics and business ­  Business Advertising — Business — British East India Company — Bank of China (Hong Kong) — Electronic Arts — Microsoft — Nintendo — Trucking industry in the United States Business figures John D. Rockefeller — George Soros Economics (general) Aid — Actuary — Economics — Economy of Africa — Economy of India — Economy of the Iroquois — Economy of the Republic of Ireland — Employment — Fair trade — Free trade — Manufacturing — Marginal utility — Globalization — Gold standard — Mercantilism — Supply and demand — Economists Milton Friedman — Henry George — John Maynard Keynes — Thomas Malthus — Murray Rothbard — Adam Smith Currency Demand Note — €2 commemorative coins — Money — Euro Education ­  Education Education — Scouting — Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell — Educational psychology Educational institutions Cornell University — Duke University — Hopkins School — Indian Institutes of Technology — Michigan State University — Stuyvesant High School — Texas A&M University — United States Naval Academy — University of Michigan — University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Law ­  Law (general) Law — Brown v. Board of Education — Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms — Capital punishment‎ — Civil rights — Constitution of May 3, 1791 (Poland) — Crime — Due process — Equal Protection Clause — Freedom of religion — Hours of service — Lawrence v. Texas — Marbury v. Madison — Roe v. Wade — Separation of powers under the United States Constitution — States' rights (US) — Supreme Court of the United States — United States Bill of Rights — United States Constitution — War on Drugs Lawyers Hugo Black — Lawrence Lessig — William Rehnquist — Earl Warren Legal activists Chen Guangcheng Politics and government ­  Miscellaneous Six-party talks concerning North Korea's nuclear program — Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Politically significant people Also see the History and war section below. Sani Abacha — Bhumibol Adulyadej — Albert II, Prince of Monaco — Idi Amin Dada — Yasser Arafat — Nnamdi Azikiwe — Tony Blair — Jean-Bédel Bokassa — Pieter Willem Botha — Gordon Brown — Edmund Burke — George W. Bush — Fidel Castro — Chen Guangcheng — Bill Clinton — Frederik Willem de Klerk — Frederick Douglass — François Duvalier — Indira Gandhi — Marcus Garvey — Emma Goldman — Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava — Stephen Harper — Václav Havel — Hirohito — Adolf Hitler — John Howard — Jomo Kenyatta — Seretse Khama — Martin Luther King, Jr. — Samora Machel — Nelson Mandela — Michael Manley — Karl Marx — Ho Chi Minh — Mobutu Sese Seko — Robert Mugabe — Yoweri Museveni — Julius Nyerere — Milton Obote — Eva Perón — Condoleezza Rice — Franklin D. Roosevelt — Theodore Roosevelt — Margaret Sanger — Ian Smith — Jan Smuts — Suharto — Mary Wollstonecraft — Boris Yeltsin — Mao Zedong Politics and government Politics — Government — Abolitionism — Anarcho-capitalism — British House of Commons — British monarchy — Canadian House of Commons — Canadian Senate, see Senate of Canada — Capitalism — Communism — Council of Lithuania — European Commission — European Parliament — European Union — Fascism — Government of France — Great American Boycott — History of the Peerage — House of Lords — Institutions of the European Union — Ku Klux Klan — League of Nations — Liberalism — Libertarianism — Library of Congress — Marxism — Mercantilism — Monarchies in the European Union — Parliament of Canada — Parliament of Malaysia — Parliament of the United Kingdom — President of the United States — Prime Minister of the United Kingdom — Privy Council of the United Kingdom — Propaganda — Senate of Canada — Socialism — Speaker of the House of Commons — Speaker of the United States House of Representatives — Totalitarianism — United Nations — United States Congress — United States House of Representatives — United States Senate Flags Flag of Australia — Flag of Belarus — Flag of Hong Kong — Flag of India — Flag of Mexico — Flag of South Africa — Flag of the Republic of China — Union Flag Psychology ­  Psychologists Sigmund Freud — Carl Jung Psychology Psychology — Asperger syndrome— Autism— Emotion — Humour — Kohlberg's stages of moral development — Milgram experiment — Prisoner's dilemma — Project MKULTRA — Psychosis — Psychotherapy — Schizophrenia Society and sociology ­  Peoples Anthropology — Azerbaijani people — Black Seminoles — Cossack — Dayuan — Indigenous peoples — Iranian peoples — Mandan — Pashtun people — Picts — Taiwanese aborigines — Tamil people Community organisations Alpha Phi Alpha — Baden-Powell House — Belarusian Republican Youth Union — Boy Scouts of America membership controversies — Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America) — History of merit badges (Boy Scouts of America) — Knights of Columbus — Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell — Scouting — William Hillcourt For scouting awards see "Awards and decorations" section above. Mass media Mass media — BBC — Publishing For film and TV see Language & Literature (theatre section). Sociology and social phenomena For trade unions and labor, see the later section. Civilization — Communication — Community – Culture — Employment — Environmentalism — Fair trade — Family — Gender — Great American Boycott — Hippie — Popular culture — Poverty in Pakistan — Race — Social contract — Society — Sociology — Sociocultural evolution — Tradition — Virginia Tech massacre Sociologists and anthropologists Claude Lévi-Strauss — Max Weber Trade unions and labor Trade union — Bill Haywood Geography Geography and places ­  For a complete list of countries, also see List of countries or the Countries tree. For flags see politics section (under Society and social sciences). General Arctic — League of Nations — List of members of the Commonwealth of Nations by date joined — United Nations Africa For articles on African topics, see the Africa tree Countries List of African countries — Algeria — Angola — Benin — Botswana — Burkina Faso — Burundi — Cameroon — Cape Verde — Central African Republic — Chad — Comoros — Republic of the Congo — Democratic Republic of the Congo — Côte d'Ivoire — Djibouti — Egypt — Equatorial Guinea — Eritrea — Ethiopia — Gabon — The Gambia — Ghana — Guinea — Guinea-Bissau — Kenya — Lesotho — Liberia — Libya — Madagascar — Malawi — Mali — Mauritania — Mauritius — Mayotte — Morocco — Mozambique — Namibia — Niger — Nigeria — Réunion — Rwanda — Saint Helena — São Tomé and Príncipe — Senegal — Seychelles — Sierra Leone — Somalia — South Africa — Sudan — Swaziland — Tanzania — Togo — Tunisia — Uganda — Western Sahara — Zambia — Zimbabwe Cities Abidjan — Abuja — Accra — Addis Ababa — Algiers — Antananarivo — Asmara — Bamako — Bangui — Banjul — Bloemfontein — Brazzaville — Cairo — Cape Town — Conakry — Cotonou — Dakar — Dar es Salaam — Freetown — Harare — Hargeisa — Johannesburg — Kampala — Khartoum — Kigali — Kinshasa — Libreville — Lilongwe — Lomé — Luanda — Lusaka — Maputo — Mogadishu — Monrovia — N'Djamena — Nairobi — Nouakchott — Ouagadougou — Port Louis — Pretoria — Rabat — Suburbs of Johannesburg — Tripoli — Tunis — Windhoek — Yamoussoukro — Yaoundé Miscellaneous Africa — Ascension Island — Cabinda (province) Congo River — Huambo (province) — Niger River — Nile — Suez Canal — Tindouf Province — Zambezi Antarctica For articles on Antarctic topics, see the Oceania & Antarctica tree Antarctica — Antarctic Treaty System — Bouvet Island — French Southern and Antarctic Lands — Grytviken — Heard Island and McDonald Islands — South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands — Southern Ocean Asia For articles on Asian topics, see the Asia tree Countries List of Asian countries — Afghanistan — Armenia — Azerbaijan — Bahrain — Bangladesh — Bhutan — British Indian Ocean Territory — Brunei — Burma, see Myanmar — Cambodia — China (historical, also see PR China and Rep. China) — People's Republic of China — Republic of China — Christmas Island — Cocos (Keeling) Islands — Cyprus — Georgia — Hong Kong — India — Indonesia — Iran — Iraq — Israel — Japan — Jordan — Kazakhstan — North Korea — South Korea — Kuwait — Kyrgyzstan — Laos — Lebanon — Macau — Malaysia — Maldives — Mongolia — Myanmar — Nepal — Oman — Pakistan — Palestinian National Authority — Philippines — Qatar — Saudi Arabia — Singapore — Sri Lanka — Syria — Taiwan, see Republic of China — Tajikistan — Thailand — East Timor — Turkey — Turkmenistan — United Arab Emirates — Uzbekistan — Vietnam — Yemen Cities Abu Dhabi — Almaty — Amman — Ankara — Ashgabat — Astana — Baghdad — Baku — Bangalore — Bangkok — Beijing — Beirut — Bishkek — Canton (city), also called Guangzhou — Chennai — Colombo — Damascus — Delhi — Dhaka — Dili — Doha — Dubai — Dushanbe — Erevan, see Yerevan Gangtok — Guangzhou — Hanoi — Ho Chi Minh City — Hong Kong — Islamabad — Jakarta — Jerusalem — Kabul — Karachi — Kathmandu — Kolkata — Kotte — Kuala Lumpur — Kuwait City — Manama — Manila — Mumbai — Muscat, Oman — Naypyidaw — New Delhi — Nicosia — Osaka — Phnom Penh — Putrajaya — Pyongyang — Riyadh — San‘a’ — Seoul — Shanghai — Taipei — Tashkent — Tbilisi — Tehran — Tel Aviv — Thimphu — Tokyo — Ulan Bator — Vientiane — Yerevan Asian regions and provinces (not India) Akrotiri and Dhekelia — Kabul Province — Laghman Province — Siberia Indian regions and provinces Goa — Kerala — Kochi (India) — Malwa (Madhya Pradesh) — Sikkim — West Bengal Miscellaneous Amur — Asia — Euphrates — Ganges River — Grand Canal of China — Gyeongju — Geography of India — Indus River — Isan — Jordan River — Krakatoa — Mekong — Mount Pinatubo — Taiwan — Tibet — Tigris — Yangtze River — Yenisei River — Yellow River Europe For articles on European topics, see the Europe tree Countries List of European countries — List of European Union member states by accession — Åland — Albania — Andorra — Austria — Belarus — Belgium — Bosnia and Herzegovina — Bulgaria — Croatia — Czech Republic — Denmark — England — Estonia — Faroe Islands — Finland — France — Germany — Gibraltar — Greece — Guernsey — Hungary — Iceland — Republic of Ireland — Isle of Man — Italy — Jan Mayen — Jersey — Latvia — Liechtenstein — Lithuania — Luxembourg — Republic of Macedonia — Malta — Moldova — Monaco — Montenegro — Netherlands — Northern Ireland — Norway — Poland — Portugal — Romania — Russia — San Marino — Serbia — Scotland — Slovakia — Slovenia — Spain — Svalbard — Sweden — Switzerland — Ukraine — United Kingdom — Vatican City — Wales Cities Aarhus — Amsterdam — Antwerp — Athens — Barcelona — Basel — Bath, Somerset — Belfast — Belgrade — Berlin — Berne — Birmingham — Bristol — Bologna — Bratislava — Brussels — Budapest — Bucharest — Chişinău — Cologne — Copenhagen — Dresden — Dublin — Düsseldorf — Edinburgh — Frankfurt — Geneva — Genoa — Glasgow — Gothenburg — The Hague — Hamburg — Helsinki — Istanbul — Kiev — Kishinev, see Chişinău — Leeds — Lille — Lisbon — Liverpool — Ljubljana — London — Luxembourg (city) — Lviv — Lyon — Madrid — Manchester — Marseille — Milan — Minsk — Moscow — Munich — Novgorod, see Velikiy Novgorod — Osijek — Oslo — Paris — Peterborough — Podgorica — Prague — Reykjavík — Riga — Rijeka — Rome — Rostov — Rotterdam — Saint Petersburg — Sarajevo — Sheffield — Skopje — Sofia — Split — Stockholm — Stuttgart — Sunderland — Tallinn — Tirana — Turin — Utrecht (city) — Valletta — Velikiy Novgorod — Vienna — Vilnius — Warsaw — Zagreb — Zürich Miscellaneous Abkhazia — British Isles (terminology) — City status in the United Kingdom — Crimea — Danube — Dnieper River — Dorset — Eldfell — Europe — Geography of Ireland — Kosovo — Moorgate — National parks of England and Wales — Piccadilly Circus — Rhine — River Thames — Rondane National Park — Surtsey — Volga River North America For articles on North American topics, see the North America tree Countries List of North American countries — Anguilla — Antigua and Barbuda — Aruba — The Bahamas — Barbados — Belize — Bermuda — British Virgin Islands — Canada — Cayman Islands — Costa Rica — Cuba — Dominica — Dominican Republic — El Salvador — Greenland — Grenada — Guadeloupe — Guatemala — Haiti — Honduras — Jamaica — Martinique — Mexico — Montserrat — Navassa Island — Netherlands Antilles — Nicaragua — Panama — Puerto Rico — Saint Kitts and Nevis — Saint Lucia — Saint-Pierre and Miquelon — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — Trinidad and Tobago — Turks and Caicos Islands — United States — United States Virgin Islands Canada List of Canadian provinces and territories by area — List of Canadian provinces and territories by population — Alberta — British Columbia — Manitoba — New Brunswick — Newfoundland and Labrador — Northwest Territories — Nova Scotia — Nunavut — Ontario — Prince Edward Island — Quebec — Saskatchewan — Yukon — Calgary — Edmonton — Montreal — Ottawa — Quebec — Toronto — Vancouver U.S. cities Ann Arbor, Michigan — Atlanta, Georgia — Baltimore, Maryland — Boston, Massachusetts — Chicago — Cleveland, Ohio — Columbus, Ohio — Dallas, Texas — Denver, Colorado — Detroit, Michigan — Houston, Texas — Kansas City, Missouri — Las Vegas, Nevada — Los Angeles, California — Louisville, Kentucky — Madison, Wisconsin — Miami, Florida — Minneapolis, Minnesota — Newark, New Jersey — New York City — Philadelphia — Richmond, Virginia — San Francisco, California — San Jose, California — Seattle, Washington — Topeka, Kansas — Washington, D.C. U.S. parks and related List of areas in the National Park System of the United States — Bryce Canyon National Park — Carlsbad Caverns National Park — Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve — Death Valley National Park — Glacier National Park (US) — Mount Rushmore — Mount St. Helens — Redwood National and State Parks — Shoshone National Forest — Yellowstone National Park — Yosemite National Park — Zion National Park U.S. states Alabama — Alaska — Arizona — Arkansas — California — Colorado — Connecticut — Delaware — Florida — Georgia (U.S. state) — Hawaii — Idaho — Illinois — Indiana — Iowa — Kansas — Kentucky — Louisiana — Maine — Maryland — Massachusetts — Michigan — Minnesota — Mississippi — Missouri — Montana — Nebraska — Nevada — New Hampshire — New Jersey — New Mexico — New York — North Carolina — North Dakota — Ohio — Oklahoma — Oregon — Pennsylvania — Rhode Island — South Carolina — South Dakota — Tennessee — Texas — Utah — Vermont — Virginia — Washington — West Virginia — Wisconsin — Wyoming Miscellaneous Colorado River — Columbia River — Erie Canal — List of U.S. states by date of statehood — Mackenzie River — Mauna Loa — Mississippi River — Missouri River — Niagara Falls — North America — Saint Lawrence Seaway Other North American cities Basseterre — Belmopan — Bridgetown — Guatemala City — Havana — Kingston, Jamaica — Managua — Mexico City — Panama City — Port-au-Prince — Port of Spain — San José, Costa Rica — San Juan, Puerto Rico — San Salvador — Santo Domingo — St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda — Tegucigalpa — Tijuana Oceania For articles on topics relating to Oceania, see the Oceania & Antarctica tree Countries List of Oceanian countries — American Samoa — Australia — Christmas Island — Cook Islands — Federated States of Micronesia — Fiji — French Polynesia — Guam — Kiribati — Marshall Islands — Micronesia, see Federated States of Micronesia — Nauru — New Caledonia — New Zealand — Niue — Norfolk Island — Northern Mariana Islands — Palau — Papua New Guinea — Pitcairn Islands — Samoa — Solomon Islands — Tokelau — Tonga — Tuvalu — Vanuatu — Wallis and Futuna — Baker Island — Howland Island — Jarvis Island — Johnston Atoll — Kingman Reef — Midway Atoll — Palmyra Atoll — Wake Island Cities Adelaide — Brisbane — Auckland — Canberra — Hagåtña, Guam — Melbourne — Nouméa — Nuku'alofa — Papeete — Perth — Port Moresby — Saipan — Suva — Sydney — Wellington — Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory Oceania - regions and states Australian Capital Territory — New South Wales — Northern Territory — Queensland — South Australia — Tasmania — Victoria (Australia) — Western Australia Miscellaneous Caroline Island — The Catlins — Darling River — Great Barrier Reef — Lake Burley Griffin — Murray River — Oceania South America For articles on South American topics, see the South America tree Countries List of South American countries — Argentina — Bolivia — Brazil — Chile — Colombia — Ecuador — Falkland Islands — French Guiana — Guyana — Paraguay — Peru — Suriname — Uruguay — Venezuela Cities Asunción — Bogotá — Brasília — Buenos Aires — Caracas — Georgetown, Guyana La Paz — Lima — Montevideo — Oranjestad, Aruba — Quito — Rio de Janeiro — San Francisco de Quito, see Quito Santiago, Chile — São Paulo — Stanley, Falkland Islands — Valparaíso Miscellaneous Andes — Buenos Aires Province — Cape Horn — South America — Amazon River Geographers and explorers Neil Armstrong — Christopher Columbus — Ferdinand Magellan — Marco Polo Geography For articles relating to atmospheric sciences, see natural sciences. Geography — City — Climate — Continent — Desert — Country — Glacier — Global city — List of countries — List of lakes — List of rivers by length — List of sovereign states — List of world's largest lakes — Mountain — River — Sea Bodies of water Note:Rivers and canals have been listed above (by continent). General — Arctic Ocean — Atlantic Ocean — Black Sea — Caribbean Sea — Indian Ocean — Mediterranean Sea — Pacific Ocean — Southern Ocean Africa — Lake Chad — Lake Tanganyika — Lake Victoria — (3 articles) Antarctica — Lake Vostok Asia — Aral Sea — Lake Baikal — Bay of Bengal — Caspian Sea — Dead Sea — Issyk Kul — Lake Toba — Persian Gulf — Red Sea — Sea of Galilee — South China Sea — Strait of Malacca Europe — Baltic Sea — English Channel — North Sea North America — Great Lakes — Great Salt Lake — Gulf of Mexico — Hudson Bay — Lake Mead — Lake Powell — Lake Superior — Lake Tahoe South America — Lake Titicaca Geology, geophysics, and mineralogy ­  Geology and geophysics Earth science — Geology 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens — 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake — Avalanche — Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event — Fossil — Geology of the Grand Canyon area — Iron — History of Earth — Mauna Loa — Natural disaster — Ocean — Oceanography — Plate tectonics — Soil — Volcano Mineralogy and related Mineral — Rock (geology) Ammolite — Diamond— Fossil fuel — Petroleum — Turquoise History and warfare Archaeology Archaeology Archaeology — Egyptian pyramids — Giza pyramid complex — Oxyrhynchus — Rosetta Stone — Sylvanus Morley History ­  History — History of the world — Historiography Many historical articles are listed elsewhere under politics, geography, etc. For a more complete listing see Wikipedia:Version 0.7/History. Historians, chroniclers and history books Edward Gibbon — Herodotus — Thucydides — Athanasius Kircher Historical figures (by area of importance, not birth) African figures Akhenaten — Amda Seyon I of Ethiopia — Cleopatra VII — Hannibal Barca — Hatshepsut — Shaka Asian figures Akbar — Attalus I — Cyrus the Great — Mahatma Gandhi — Qin Shi Huang — Muhammad Ali Jinnah — Chiang Kai-shek — Genghis Khan — T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) — Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel — Sheikh Mujibur Rahman — Saladin — Suleiman the Magnificent — Timur (Tamerlane) — Hasekura Tsunenaga European figures (incl. Byzantium) Alexander the Great — Elias Ashmole — Mustafa Kemal Atatürk — Attila the Hun — Augustus — Mark Antony — Lavrentiy Beria — Otto von Bismarck — Joel Brand — Julius Caesar — Catherine II of Russia — Charlemagne — (also listed under Royalty/Nobility) Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor — Winston Churchill — Claudius — Constantine I — John Dee — David I of Scotland — Demosthenes — Pier Gerlofs Donia — Elagabalus — Elizabeth I of England — Epaminondas — George II of Great Britain — George Fox — Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor — Frederick II of Prussia — List of French monarchs — List of monarchs in the British Isles — Mikhail Gorbachev — Henry II of England — Henry VIII of England — Heraclius — Adolf Hitler — House of Gediminas — Ivan IV of Russia — Manuel I Komnenos — Stanisław Koniecpolski — Vladimir Lenin — Louis XIV of France — Macbeth of Scotland — Benito Mussolini — Napoleon I of France — Penda of Mercia — Witold Pilecki — Peter I of Russia — Philip II of Spain — Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu — Grigori Rasputin — Joseph Stalin — Victoria of the United Kingdom — Rudolf Vrba — Jonathan Wild — William I of England — William the Silent North or South American figures John Adams — Ike Altgens — Simón Bolívar — Isaac Brock — Hernán Cortés — Adriaen van der Donck — W. Mark Felt — Carl G. Fisher — Helen Gandy — Emma Goldman — Franklin B. Gowen — Che Guevara — Gerald Ford — Benjamin Franklin — Ziad Jarrah — Thomas Jefferson — Abraham Lincoln — James Madison — William N. Page — Rosa Parks — Samantha Smith — George Washington Oceania - historical figures Yagan General history articles by area of importance World history Black Death — British Empire — Classical antiquity — Cold War — Crusades — First Crusade — History of the world — History of timekeeping devices — Industrial Revolution — List of members of the Commonwealth of Nations by date joined — Laika — Radhanite — Second Crusade — Space Race — RMS Titanic Africa Ancient Egypt — Congo Free State — Aksum, see Kingdom of Aksum — History of Cape Colony from 1870 to 1899 — History of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870 — Kingdom of Aksum — Makuria Asia Byzantine Empire — Chola dynasty — Crusades - see World history History of Central Asia — Indo-Greek Kingdom — Lothal — Political integration of India — Qing Dynasty — Radhanite —Sassanid Empire — Sino-German cooperation (1911-1941) — Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Europe 1755 Lisbon earthquake — Ancient Greece — Ancient Rome — Anschluss — Berlin Wall — Byzantine Empire — Crusades, see World history — Council of Lithuania — Dál Riata — Éire — England expects that every man will do his duty — Fire of Moscow (1812) — Franks — German Democratic Republic — Great Fire of London — Great Purge — Gulag — Habsburg Spain — History of Jews in Poland — History of Limerick — History of Poland (1945–1989) — History of Portugal (1777–1834) — History of post-Soviet Russia — History of Russia — History of the Netherlands — The Holocaust — Holodomor — Italian Renaissance — Katyn massacre — List of European Union member states by accession — Magna Carta — Marshall Plan — Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp — Old Swiss Confederacy — Picts — Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth — Protestant Reformation — Renaissance — Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 — S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 — Scotland in the High Middle Ages — Sino-German cooperation (1911-1941) — Treaty of Devol North and South America Aztec — Bath School disaster — California Gold Rush — Columbine High School massacre — Gettysburg Address — Great Lakes Storm of 1913 — History of Alaska — History of Arizona — History of Greenland — History of Miami, Florida — History of New Jersey — History of Puerto Rico — History of the Grand Canyon area — History of the Yosemite area — Inca Empire — Ku Klux Klan — Project MKULTRA — September 11, 2001 attacks — Toledo War Oceania Eureka Stockade — History of the Australian Capital Territory — Sydney Riot of 1879 — History of Burnside Time periods 1st century BC — 1st century — 2nd century — 3rd century — 4th century — 5th century — 6th century — 7th century — 8th century — 9th century — 10th century — 11th century — 12th century — 13th century — 14th century — 15th century — 16th century — 17th century — 18th century — 19th century — 20th century — 21st century — Age of Enlightenment — Ancient history — Anno Domini — Bronze Age — Calendar — Day — Dark Ages — Middle Ages — Modern history — Prehistoric man Military and war ­  General War List of conflicts in Africa Armies and military units Byzantine navy — La Grande Armée — KGB — Lord's Resistance Army — Imperial Japanese Navy — Red Army Biographies of military people Attila the Hun — Pier Gerlofs Donia — Hugh Boyle Ewing — Husein Gradaščević — Joan of Arc — Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov — Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson — Richard O'Connor — Arthur Ernest Percival — Pericles — Marian Rejewski — William Tecumseh Sherman — Kenneth M. Taylor — Thrasybulus — Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly — Aleksandr Vasilevsky Conflicts, battles and military exercises, World War II Attack on Pearl Harbor — Battle of the Bulge — Battle of the Eastern Solomons — Battle of Leyte Gulf — Battle of Midway — Battle of Moscow — Battle of Normandy — Battle of Rennell Island — Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands — Battle of Smolensk (1943) — Battle of Stalingrad — Blitzkrieg — Naval Battle of Guadalcanal — Operation Downfall — Operation Ten-Go — Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima — Siege of Leningrad — World War II Conflicts, battles and military exercises, 20th/21st century miscellaneous Able Archer 83 — Algerian Civil War — Angolan Civil War — Battle of Jutland — Battle of the Somme — Battle of Warsaw (1920) — Chadian-Libyan conflict — Chadian-Sudanese conflict, see Second Chadian Civil War — Congo Crisis — Cristero War — Darfur conflict — Defense of Sihang Warehouse — Eritrean-Ethiopian War — Eritrean War of Independence — Finnish Civil War — Gulf War — Iraq War — Kargil War — Ogaden War — Polish-Soviet War — Second Chadian Civil War — Second Congo War — Second Italo-Abyssinian War — South African Border War — Suez Crisis — Western Front (World War I) — World War I — Yom Kippur War Conflicts, battles and military exercises, pre-20th century American Civil War — American Revolutionary War — Anglo-Zulu War — Battle of Adwa — Battle of Alesia — Battle of Austerlitz — Battle of Badr — Battle of Bicocca — Battle of Borodino — Battle of Cannae — Battle of Tours — Byzantine–Arab Wars — Corinthian War — Crusades — French invasion of Russia (1812) — First Matabele War — Italian War of 1521 — Khoikhoi-Dutch Wars — Mahdist War — Napoleonic Wars — Peloponnesian War — Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) — Second Boer War — Second Matabele War — War of the League of Cambrai — Warsaw Uprising (1794) — War of the Spanish Succession Military camps, tribunals and facilities Colditz Castle — Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp — Vilnius Castle Complex Military history Invasion — Military history of Canada — Military history of France — Military history of Puerto Rico — Military history of the Soviet Union — Swedish allotment system— United States Marine Corps Military aircraft C-130 Hercules — F-4 Phantom II — F-15 Eagle — F-35 Lightning II — Messerschmitt Bf 109 — P-38 Lightning Weapons and military equipment (excluding aircraft) AK-47 — Armament of the Iowa class battleship — Assault rifle — Cannon — Chemical warfare — Fat Man — Firearm — Handgun — Humvee — Iowa class battleship — Little Boy — Nuclear weapon — Jarmann M1884 — Kammerlader — Krag-Jørgensen — Krag-Petersson — M1 Abrams — M1 Garand rifle — Machine gun — Main battle tank — Poison gas in World War I — Rifle — S-mine — T-34 — Tank — Thompson submachine gun — U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program — USS Iowa (BB-61) — USS Wisconsin (BB-64) — V-2 rocket — Weapon Tactics Siege — Trench warfare Engineering, applied sciences, and technology Applied science ­  Also see the natural science section below. Biotechnology — Nanotechnology — Nuclear power — Nuclear weapon Computing ­  General Artificial intelligence — Computer — Computer science People in computing Charles Babbage Cryptography Caesar cipher — Cryptography — Data Encryption Standard — Enigma machine — Marian Rejewski — ROT13 Hardware and infrastructure $100 laptop, see Children's Machine — Acorn Computers — Apple Macintosh, see Macintosh — ASCII — Central processing unit — Children's Machine — Color Graphics Adapter — CPU cache — Commodore 64 — Computer — Floppy disk — History of computing hardware — iPod — Macintosh — Quantum computer Programming Artificial intelligence — Markup language — Programming language Software For computer/video games, see Video games under Recreation. Architecture of Windows NT — Btrieve — Common Unix Printing System — Delrina — Emacs — GNU/Linux naming controversy — Internet Explorer — Microsoft — Microsoft Windows — Mozilla Firefox — OpenBSD — PaX — Speech synthesis — Ubuntu (Linux distribution) — Windows 2000 — Windows XP — X Window core protocol — X Window System Websites and the Internet Internet — Google — HTTP cookie— Leet — Phishing — Spyware — Wikipedia — World Wide Web Engineering ­  Engineering: general Engineering Automated Teller Machine — Butt joint — Crash test dummy — Domestic AC power plugs and sockets — Eifel Aqueduct — Electrical engineering — Electronic amplifier — Electronics — Enigma machine — Forth Bridge (railway) — Gas metal arc welding — Gas tungsten arc welding — Helicopter — iPod — Lightning rod — Nanotechnology — Nuclear power — Phonograph cylinder — Photography — Photovoltaic array — Radar — Radio — Robot — Saturn V — Shielded metal arc welding — Ship — Space exploration — Space Shuttle Challenger disaster — Space Shuttle Columbia disaster — Telecommunication — Telephone exchange — Television — Three Gorges Dam — Typewriter — Wheel Engineering skills and professions Cabinet making — Carpenter — Manufacturing — Welding — Woodworking Engineering materials Also see the chemistry section. Aluminium — Diamond — Fiberglass — Glass — Iron — Lumber — Metal — Paper — Steel — Timber, see Lumber — Wood as a medium Engineers and inventors Isambard Kingdom Brunel — Alexander Graham Bell — Leonardo da Vinci — Thomas Edison — Henry Ford — Galileo Galilei — Gustave Eiffel — Johannes Gutenberg — Cai Lun — Guglielmo Marconi — Nikola Tesla — Wernher von Braun — James Watt — Wright brothers Tools Axe — Chisel — Plane (tool) — Sandpaper — Saw — Table saw — Wood router Weapons See the cross listing under History & War. Weapon .45 ACP — .50 BMG — .22 Long Rifle — AK-47 — Assault rifle — Cannon — Fat Man — Firearm — Handgun — High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (Humvee) — Iowa class battleship — Little Boy — Nuclear weapon — Jarmann M1884 — Kammerlader — Krag-Jørgensen — Krag-Petersson — M1 Abrams — M1 Garand rifle — Machine gun — Rifle — S-mine — T-34 — Tank — Thompson submachine gun — Transport ­  Transport Air transport Aircraft — Airport — Airship — Boeing 737 — Boeing 747 — Chicago Midway International Airport — F-4 Phantom II — F-35 Lightning II — Fixed-wing aircraft — Jet engine Bridges and tunnels Arch — Bridge — Pulaski Skyway Maritime transport For oceans, seas and rivers see the Geography listing. For warships see the weapons section under War. Boat — Hovercraft — Panama Canal — Saint Lawrence Seaway — Ship — Submarine — Suez Canal Railway transport Rail transport Canadian Pacific Railway — Indian Railways — John Bull (locomotive) — London Underground — Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) — Rail transport in India — Rapid transit — Train — Trans-Siberian Railway — TGV Road transport (not roads) Automobile — Automatic number plate recognition — Bicycle — Hours of service — Maserati_MC12 — Plug-in hybrid — Mini — Trucking industry in the United States Roads Pulaski Skyway — Ridge Route Space transport Apollo 8 — Saturn V — Shuttle-Mir Program — Space exploration — Spacecraft propulsion — Space Shuttle Challenger disaster — Space Shuttle Columbia disaster — Sputnik 1 Mathematics Mathematics ­  Mathematicians Archimedes — Euclid — Cantor, Georg — Euler, Leonhard — Carl Friedrich Gauss — Hilbert, David — Leibniz, Gottfried — Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī — Pascal, Blaise — Perelman, Grigori — Pythagoras — Marian Rejewski — Turing, Alan — von Neumann, John Mathematics Mathematics 0.999... — Abacus — Addition — Algebra — Algorithm — Arithmetic — Bayes' theorem — Calculus — Cartesian coordinate system — Chaos theory — Circle — Classical mechanics — Complex number — Computational complexity theory — Derivative — e (mathematical constant) — Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace — Euclidean geometry — Fermat's Last Theorem — Fractal — Game theory — Geometry — Golden ratio — Infinity — Integral — Linear algebra — Manifold — Margin of error — Markov chain — Mathematical analysis — Matrix (mathematics) — Measurement — Number — Pi — Polar coordinate system — Polynomial — Prisoner's dilemma — Proof theory — Pythagorean theorem — Real number — Regular polytope — Statistics — Taylor series — Trigonometric function Natural sciences Natural sciences - general ­  Physical science — Nature — Science Atmospheric sciences ­  Climatology Acid rain — Climate change — Earth's atmosphere — Global warming — Rain — Rainbow — Retreat of glaciers since 1850 — Water Meteorology Meteorology — Weather — Tornado Tropical cyclones 1928 Okeechobee Hurricane — 2005 Atlantic hurricane season — Cyclone Tracy — Eye (cyclone) — Galveston Hurricane of 1900 — Great Lakes Storm of 1913 — Hurricane Camille — Hurricane Dennis — Hurricane Floyd — Hurricane Gloria — Hurricane John (1994) — Hurricane Katrina — Hurricane Mitch — Storm surge — Typhoon Tip (1979)— Tropical cyclogenesis — Tropical cyclone — Tropical Storm Allison Biology and medicine ­  Biologists and medical scientists Norman Borlaug — Charles Darwin — Georg Forster — Hippocrates — Athanasius Kircher — Carolus Linnaeus — Barbara McClintock — Gregor Mendel — Louis Pasteur — Alfred Russel Wallace — Michael Woodruff Biology Biology Anatomy — Animal— Aquarium— Biological reproduction — Biotechnology — Botany — Cell (biology) (also see section below) — Cladistics— Cytogenetics — Death — DNA — DNA repair— Ecology — Eukaryote — Fossil — Genetics — Human Genome— Life — Metabolism — Organism — Plant — Protein — Scientific classification — Sequence alignment — Virus Cell biology Cell (biology) Cell nucleus — Cell wall — Chloroplast — Chromatophore— Embryonic stem cell — Endoplasmic reticulum — Golgi apparatus — Mitochondrion — Photosynthetic reaction centre — Red blood cell‎ — Ribosome — Stem cell — Vacuole — White blood cell‎ Ecology Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef — Minamata disease Evolution and reproduction Abortion — Birth control — Creation-evolution controversy — Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event — Evolution — Menstrual cycle — Sex Health and medicine Health — Medicine Acetaminophen, see paracetamol — Addiction — AIDS — Albinism — Allergy — Alzheimer's disease — Asperger's syndrome — Asthma — Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder — Autism — Autostereogram — Blindness — Cancer — Cholera — Circulatory system — Clinical depression — Color blindness — Cystic fibrosis — Cannabis (drug) — Chagas disease — Diabetes mellitus — Disease — Down syndrome — Duchenne muscular dystrophy — Ebola‎ — Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder — Haemophilia — Hepatitis A — Hepatitis B — Hepatitis C — Hepatitis E — Herpes zoster — HIV — HPV, see Human papillomavirus — Human papillomavirus — Huntington's disease — Influenza — Insulin — Keratoconus — Klinefelter's syndrome — Lesch-Nyhan syndrome — Life expectancy — Lung cancer — Lyme disease — Malaria — Médecins Sans Frontières — Meningitis — Minamata disease — Multiple sclerosis — Myers-Briggs Type Indicator — Myocardial infarction — Nanomedicine — Nutrition — Osteopathic medicine in the United States — Paracetamol — Phenylketonuria — Pneumonia — Prostate cancer — Rabies — Sexually transmitted disease — Shingles, see Herpes zoster — Sickle-cell disease — Smallpox — Stroke — Syphilis — Thalassemia — Tay-Sachs disease — Tooth development — Tooth enamel — Tourette syndrome — Tuberculosis — Turner syndrome — Weight training — Yellow fever Animals Also see specific animal groups below Animal Fauna of Australia Nervous system — Action potential — Brain — Cerebellum — Chemical synapse Dinosaurs Dinosaur — List of dinosaurs Albertosaurus — Amphicoelias — Ankylosaurus — Archaeopteryx — Compsognathus — Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event — Diplodocus — Heterodontosauridae — Iguanodon — Psittacosaurus — Scelidosaurus — Stegosaurus — Thescelosaurus — Triceratops — Tyrannosaurus — Velociraptor Mammals – General Mammal Alpaca — Bear — Cat — Dog — Elephant — Gray Wolf — Guinea Pig — Human — Homo floresiensis — Island Fox — Mixed-breed dog — Platypus — Ring-tailed Lemur — Short-beaked Echidna — Tasmanian Devil Whales: Whale — Blue Whale — Exploding whale — Humpback Whale — Orca — Right whale — Sperm Whale — Whale song Birds Bird Albatross — Arctic Tern — Bald Eagle — Common Raven — Elfin-woods Warbler — Emu — Galah — Kakapo — Kererū — Mourning Dove — Parrot — Procellariidae — Senegal Parrot — Seabird. Reptiles Reptile Alligator — Crocodile — Marginated Tortoise — Komodo Dragon — Snake — Turtle Amphibians Amphibian Frog — Australian Green Tree Frog (White's Tree Frog) — Cane Toad — Olm Fish Fish Shark Invertebrates Antarctic krill — Caterpillar — Coconut crab — Cochineal — Insect — Krill — Myxobolus cerebralis — Shrimp farm — Spider. Plants Botany — Plant Flower — History of saffron — Leaf — Marchantiophyta — Plant physiology — Pollination — Root — Saffron — Seed — Trade and usage of saffron — Tree Fungi Fungus Mushroom — Lichen — Yeast Microorganisms Microorganism Archaea — Bacteria — Helicobacter pylori Miscellaneous organisms For groups not specifically listed above Algae Chemistry and materials science ­  Chemical elements List of elements by name — List of elements by symbol Actinium — Aluminium — Americium — Antimony — Argon — Arsenic — Astatine — Barium — Berkelium — Beryllium — Bismuth — Bohrium — Boron — Bromine — Cadmium — Caesium — Calcium — Californium — Carbon — Cerium — Chlorine — Chromium — Cobalt — Copper — Curium — Darmstadtium — Dubnium — Dysprosium — Einsteinium — Erbium — Europium — Fermium — Fluorine — Francium — Gadolinium — Gallium — Germanium — Gold — Hafnium — Hassium — Helium — Holmium — Hydrogen — Indium — Iodine — Iridium — Iron — Krypton — Lanthanum — Lawrencium — Lead — Lithium — Lutetium — Magnesium — Manganese — Meitnerium — Mendelevium — Mercury (element) — Molybdenum — Neodymium — Neon — Neptunium — Nickel — Niobium — Nitrogen — Nobelium — Osmium — Oxygen — Palladium — Phosphorus — Platinum — Plutonium — Polonium — Potassium — Praseodymium — Promethium — Protactinium — Radium — Radon — Rhenium — Rhodium — Roentgenium — Rubidium — Ruthenium — Rutherfordium — Samarium — Scandium — Seaborgium — Selenium — Silicon — Silver — Sodium — Strontium — Sulfur — Tantalum — Technetium — Tellurium — Terbium — Thallium — Thorium — Thulium — Tin — Titanium — Tungsten — Ununbium — Ununhexium — Ununoctium — Ununpentium — Ununquadium — Ununtrium — Uranium — Vanadium — Xenon — Ytterbium — Yttrium — Zinc — Zirconium Chemicals (not elements or pharma) Acetic acid — Aluminium chloride — Ammonia — Carbon dioxide — Ethanol — Hydrochloric acid — Hydrogen peroxide — Iron(III) chloride — Raney nickel — Sodium chloride — Sodium hydroxide — Sodium sulfate — Sulfuric acid — Toluene — Zinc chloride Pharmaceuticals and related Cannabis (drug) — Lysergic acid diethylamide — Medicine — Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Chemists Marie Curie — Michael Faraday — Antoine Lavoisier — Dmitri Mendeleev — Alfred Nobel — Linus Pauling Chemistry Chemistry Acid — Acid rain — Alchemy — Alcohol — Atom — Chemical element — Fire — Fuel — Inorganic chemistry — Metal — Molecule — Organic chemistry — Periodic table (large version) — Periodic table — Phase (matter) Environmental chemistry Minamata disease — Pollution Materials science Brass — Glass — Steel — Wood Physics and astronomy ­  Astronomers and physicists Copernicus — Marie Curie — Galilei, Galileo — Einstein, Albert — List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein — Hawking, Stephen — Kepler, Johannes — Maxwell, James Clerk — Newton, Isaac — Oppenheimer, Robert — Planck, Max — Ptolemy — Sagan, Carl — Teller, Edward — Tesla, Nikola — Watt, James — E. P. Wigner Astronomy Astronomy — Amateur astronomy — Amateur radio — Astrophysics Data System — Big Bang — Binary star — Black hole — Cat's Eye Nebula — Ceres (dwarf planet) — Comet — Comet Hale-Bopp — Comet Hyakutake — Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 — Crab Nebula — Enceladus (moon) — Extrasolar planet — Galaxy — Globular cluster — Extraterrestrial life — H II region — Herbig-Haro object — Hubble Deep Field — Hubble Space Telescope — Kuiper belt — Open cluster— Milky Way — Moon — Outer space — Planetary nebula — Pluto — Roche limit — Solar eclipse — List of solar eclipses in the 21st century — Solar system — Sun — Star — Timeline of discovery of solar system planets and their natural satellites — Transit of Venus — Universe Physics Physics — Alternating current — ATLAS experiment — CERN — Classical mechanics — Color — Electromagnetic radiation — Electron — Energy — Electricity — Electromagnetism — Fermi paradox — Force — Fuel — General relativity — Gravitation — Heat — Light — List of particles — Magnet — Mass-energy equivalence — Matter — Motion (physics) — Neutron — Nuclear fission — Optics — Quantum mechanics — Quark — Photoelectric effect — Proton — Sound — Spacecraft propulsion — Special relativity — Speed of light — Subatomic particle — Thermodynamics — Time — Vacuum — Wheel — Weight Planets Planet Mercury — Venus — Earth — Mars — Jupiter — Saturn — Uranus — Neptune — Definition of planet — Planetary habitability — Timeline of discovery of solar system planets and their natural satellites