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The siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430) was a successful campaign to capture the city by the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II. It remained in Ottoman hands until 1912, when it became part of the Kingdom of Greece. Thessalonica had already been under Ottoman control from 1387 to 1403 before returning to Byzantine rule in the aftermath of the Battle of Ankara. In 1422 Murad attacked the city. Its ruler, Andronikos Palaiologos, was unable to provide manpower or resources for the city's defense, and handed it over to the Republic of Venice in September 1423. The Ottomans blockaded the city and attacked it by land. The blockade reduced the inhabitants to near starvation, and many fled the city. In 1429 Venice declared war on the Ottomans, and on 29 March 1430 Murad's forces took the city. The siege and the subsequent sack reduced the city to a shadow of its former self, from perhaps as many as 40,000 inhabitants to around 2,000. (Full article...)

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Muddy Waters
Muddy Waters

The recording career of Muddy Waters, an American blues artist, lasted from 1941 to 1981. Muddy Waters, widely considered to be one of the most important figures in post–World War II Chicago blues, popularized several early Delta blues songs, such as "Rollin' and Tumblin'", Walkin' Blues", and "Baby, Please Don't Go", and recorded songs that went on to become blues standards. He recorded primarily for two record companies, Aristocrat/Chess and Blue Sky; they issued 62 singles and 13 studio albums. While he was living in Mississippi, Waters was recorded by Alan Lomax in 1941 for a U.S. Library of Congress folk music project. After moving to Chicago, he recorded for Leonard Chess and Aristocrat issued Waters's first single in 1947. In 1950, Chess bought out his label partners and formed Chess Records. From 1950 to 1958, Chess issued 15 singles that reached the top ten of Billboard's R&B chart. After Chess went out of business in 1975, Waters recorded several successful albums for Blue Sky. (Full list...)

"Daisy" is an American political advertisement that aired on television as part of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 presidential campaign against Barry Goldwater. Though officially aired only once, on September 7, 1964, it is considered a turning point in political and advertising history. It was designed to broadcast Johnson's anti-nuclear positions, contrary to Goldwater's stance. The commercial begins with Monique Corzilius, a three-year-old girl, picking the petals of a daisy while counting from one to ten incorrectly. After she reaches "nine", a booming male voice is heard counting the numbers backward from "ten", similar to the start of a missile-launch countdown. The scene is replaced by a nuclear explosion, with Johnson's voice-over stating: "We must either love each other, or we must die." Although the Johnson campaign was criticized for frightening voters by implying that Goldwater would wage a nuclear war, various other campaigns since have adopted and used the "Daisy" advertisement.

Advertisement credit: Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign

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