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James Ashley was killed in a police raid in the English town of St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, on 15 January 1998. An inquiry found that using armed officers breached guidelines, the raid team was inadequately trained, and officers in charge misrepresented intelligence to gain raid authorisation. A second inquiry accused chief officers of colluding to obstruct the first inquiry. The officer who shot Ashley was charged with murder but acquitted on the grounds of self-defence. The officers who led the operation, charged with misconduct in public office, were also acquitted. Ashley's family sued the police for negligence and battery; the case was heard by the House of Lords who ruled that the threshold for pleading self-defence in a civil case was higher than in a criminal one and that the litigants should decide which causes of action to pursue. Ashley's death was considered in a report that recommended stronger control of armed operations and equipping officers with non-lethal alternatives. (Full article...)
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January 15: John Chilembwe Day in Malawi; World Religion Day (2023)

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Satellite animation of the ash plume and shockwave produced by Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai

The 2021–22 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami was a volcanic event caused by Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai, a submarine volcano in the Tongan archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean. Beginning in December 2021, the eruption reached a large and powerful climax on 15 January 2022. Described by scientists as a "magma hammer", the volcano produced a series of four underwater thrusts at the height of the eruption, displaced 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rock, ash and sediment, and generated the largest atmospheric explosion recorded by modern instrumentation. The eruption caused tsunamis along the Pacific rim. This animation, depicting the initial ash plume and shockwave produced by Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai on 15 January 2022, was created by the Japan Meteorological Agency from sixteen photographs taken at ten-minute intervals by the Japanese weather satellite Himawari 8.

Animation credit: Japan Meteorological Agency

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