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Walter Loos

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Walter Loos
Born(1923-04-11)11 April 1923
Oppenheim, Germany
Died27 October 2004(2004-10-27) (aged 81)
Landsberg am Lech, Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
 West Germany
Service / branchLuftwaffe
German Air Force
Years of service1939–45
1956–76
RankHauptmann (Bundeswehr)
UnitJG 3, JG 300, JG 301
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Walter Loos (11 April 1923 – 27 October 2004) was a former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. During his career, he was credited with 38 aerial victories in 66 missions.

World War II

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In January 1944, Loos was posted to IV. Gruppe (4th group) of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing).[1] At the time, the Gruppe was commanded by Major Franz Beyer and was fighting in Defense of the Reich.[2] On 26 February, IV. Gruppe moved to the airfield at Salzwedel where it remained until 7 June. [3] That day, Major Friedrich-Karl Müller took command of the Gruppe after Beyer had been killed in action.[4]

Defense of the Reich

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In IV. Gruppe, Loos was assigned to Sturmstaffel 1, headed by Major Hans-Günter von Kornatzki. The Sturmstaffel was an experimental unit flying the so-called Sturmböcke (battering ram) up-gunned Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-7 and A-8 aircraft.[5] On 8 May, the Sturmstaffel became the 11. Staffel (11th squadron) and was then placed under the command of Oberleutnant Werner Gerth.[6] Loos was credited with his first aerial victory on 6 March when the United States Strategic Air Forces (USAAF) Eighth Air Force sent 730 heavy bombers to Berlin. In the vicinity of Braunschweig, IV. Gruppe made a head-on attack and Loos was credited with an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box which was counted as an aerial victory—over a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber.[7]

On 22 April, 803 bombers of the USAAF Eighth Air Force targeted various German transportation targets in western Germany, in particular the railroad classification yard in Hamm. IV. Gruppe was scrambled at 18:20 in Salzwedel and engaged Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers from the 2nd Air Division at 19:40 in a 20 minute aerial during which Loos shot down one of the B-24 bombers.[8]

Flying the Ta 152

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Loos joined the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of Jagdgeschwader 301 (JG 301—301st Fighter Wing) in April 1945. The Geschwaderstab of JG 301 had been equipped with the Focke-Wulf Ta 152 H in March and was commanded by Oberstleutnant Fritz Aufhammer.[9] The Geschwaderstab moved to an airfield at Neustadt-Glewe on 10 April.[10] On 20 April, Oberfeldwebel Loos received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes).[9] That day, fellow JG 301 pilot Oberfeldwebel Willi Reschke was also awarded the Knight's Cross.[11] Loos claimed his first two aerial victories flying the Ta 152 on 24 April when he downed two Soviet Yakovlev Yak-9 fighters near Berlin. On 30 April, he claimed his last aerial victory when he again shot down a Yak-9 fighter.[12]

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

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According to Obermaier, Loos flew 66 missions during his combat career in which he claimed 38 aerial victories. He claimed seven victories in the Eastern Front and 31 over the Western Front, including 21 four-engine bombers. Nine claims were made flying the Ta 152 and he was shot down nine times.[1] Forsyth lists him with 22 four-engined bombers shot down.[13] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he was credited with more than 14 aerial victory claims, plus six further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes at least three aerial victories on the Eastern Front and at least eleven on the Western Front, including at least ten four-engine bombers.[14]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ DF-DG". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[15]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Loos did not receive credit.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Mathews, Foreman and Weal.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[16]
Defense of the Reich — January – May 1944
1?[Note 1] 6 March 1944 12:55?[Note 2] B-17*[17] Gifhorn-Rathenow 6 11 April 1944 11:10 B-17*[18] south of Gardelegen
2?[Note 1] 8 March 1944 13:28 B-17*[18] Celle-Rathenow 7 11 April 1944 11:15 B-17[18] Magdeburg
3?[Note 1] 8 March 1944 13:31 B-17*[18] Celle-Rathenow 8 22 April 1944 19:46 B-24[19] Westerwald, southeast of Bonn
4?[Note 1] 8 April 1944 14:15 B-24*[18] 9 29 April 1944 11:20 B-17[19] Berg
5?[Note 1] 9 April 1944 12:10 B-24*[18] 10 8 May 1944 10:07 B-24*[20] south of Sülze-Südheide
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[16]
Defense of the Reich — May 1944
11 28 May 1944 14:20 B-17*[21] northeast of Magdeburg 13?[Note 1] 30 May 1944 11:15 B-24[21]
12 29 May 1944 12:25 B-24[21] PQ BI-BK
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 300 –[14]
Defense of the Reich — June – September 1944
—
[Note 3] 		7 July 1944
—
 B-24*[23][24] 17 23 August 1944 12:15 P-51 south of Mariazell-north of Kapfenberg/Mürzzuschlag[25]
14 7 July 1944 09:45 B-24 north of Quedlinburg[23][24] ?[Note 3] 28 August 1944
—
 P-51 Vienna-Aspern[26]
15?[Note 3] 9 August 1944 12:15[24] P-51[26] 29 August 1944 10:46 B-17 Gottwaldov-Záhorovice/Púchov[26]
16 15 August 1944 11:47 B-17 PQ 05 Ost S/PP-PO-QO[24]
Büdesheim-Hasborn[27]
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 301 –[28]
Defense of the Reich — April 1945
24 April 1945
—
 Yak-9 vicinity of Berlin[29] 30 April 1945
—
 Yak-9 vicinity of Berlin[29]
24 April 1945
—
 Yak-9 vicinity of Berlin[29]

Awards

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim was unconfirmed.[16]
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claim at 12:52.[16]
  3. ^ a b c This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[22]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 160.
  2. ^ Prien 1996, p. 330.
  3. ^ Prien 1996, p. 367.
  4. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 62, 330.
  5. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 77–78.
  6. ^ Prien 1996, p. 331.
  7. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 82–84.
  8. ^ Prien 1996, p. 107.
  9. ^ a b Weal 1996, p. 87.
  10. ^ Hermann 1998, p. 104.
  11. ^ Reschke 1998, p. 231.
  12. ^ Hermann 1998, p. 105.
  13. ^ Forsyth 2011, p. 90.
  14. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 770–771.
  15. ^ Planquadrat.
  16. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 770.
  17. ^ Prien 1996, p. 354.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Prien 1996, p. 355.
  19. ^ a b Prien 1996, p. 356.
  20. ^ Prien 1996, p. 357.
  21. ^ a b c Prien & Stemmer 2003, p. 400.
  22. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 527.
  23. ^ a b Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 376.
  24. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2020, p. 72.
  25. ^ Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 383.
  26. ^ a b c Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 381.
  27. ^ Lorant & Goyat 2005, p. 382.
  28. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 771.
  29. ^ a b c Reschke 1998, p. 243.
  30. ^ a b Dixon 2023, p. 223.
  31. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 284.
  32. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 295.
  33. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 513.

Bibliography

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Forsyth, Robert (2011). Luftwaffe Viermot Aces 1942–45. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 101. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-438-3.
  • Hermann, Dietmar (1998). Focke-Wulf Ta 152: Der Weg zum Höhenjäger [Focke-Wulf Ta 152: The Road to the High-Altitude Fighter] (in German). Oberhaching, Germany: AVIATIC Verlag. ISBN 978-3-925505-44-7.
  • Lorant, Jean Yves; Goyat, Richard (2005). Jagdgeschwader 300 "Wilde Sau" - Volume One: June 1943 – September 1944. Hamilton, MT: Eagle Edition. ISBN 978-0-9761034-0-0.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Prien, Jochen (1996). IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronik einer Jagdgruppe—1943 – 1945 [IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronic of a Fighter Group—1943 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-36-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (2003). Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" in WWII: II./JG 3 in Action with the Messerschmitt Bf 109. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History. ISBN 978-0-7643-1774-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried; Balke, Ulf (2020). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/VI—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/VI—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-22-2.
  • Reschke, Willi (1998). Jagdgeschwader 301/302 "Wilde Sau" (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-613-01898-3.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Weal, John (1996). Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-595-1.
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