Trebizond vilayet

ولايت طربزون
Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn
*Vilayet de Trébizonde*
ولايت طربزون; Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn; Vilayet de Trébizonde
Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire
1867–1922
	; The Trebizond Vilayet in 1890
Capital	Trabizond
History
• Vilayet Law	1867
• Disestablished	1922
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Trebizond Eyalet
Giresun Province
Gümüşhane Province
Ordu Province
Rize Province
Samsun Province
Trabzon Province
Kutais Governorate
Today part of	Turkey; Georgia

The Vilayet of Trebizond (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت طربزون, romanized: Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn; French: Vilayet de Trébizonde) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) in the north-eastern part of the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the area along the eastern Black Sea coastline and the interior highland region of the Pontic Alps.^[1]

At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 12,082 square miles (31,290 km²), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,047,700.^[3] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.^[3]

After the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the sanjak of Lazistan was established.^[4] Rize became the center of the district due to the cession of Batumi, the former centre of the sanjak, to Russia with kaza of Artvin. The salname of the year 1344h/1904-1905 mentioned several Armenian pharmacists.^[5] The Vilayet also counted with a considerable Greek population.^[6]

During World War I eastern half of vilayet (Kazas of Görele, Vakfıkebir, Akçaabat, Trabzon, Of and Maçka with sanjaks of Lazistan and Gümüşhane) was occupied by Russian troops by summer 1916. It was retaken by Ottomans in 1918.

Demographics

The Sanjak of Trabzon had a Muslim majority since the 16th century. Western estimates given in the 19th century about the City of Trabzon estimate a Turkish majority.^[7]

Census of 1914

Ethno-religious composition of the districts of the Trabzon vilayet 1914^[8]
Sanjak/Kaza	Muslims	Greek Orthodox	Armenian	Jewish	Others	Total
Trabzon	64,726	23,806	14,846	8	127	104,858
Ordu	111,421	18,505	12,349	-	1,211	143,491
Of	75,050	1,819	-	-	-	76,869
Akçaabat	56,401	6,561	3,517	-	-	66,479
Tirebolu	48,999	10,530	868	-	-	60,397
Sürmene	57,698	9,762	323	-	-	67,783
Giresun	92,301	24,138	2,275	-	-	118,714
Görele	42,823	1,648	312	-	-	44,783
Vakfıkebir	28.484	13	51	-	-	28,548
Maçka	17,950	19,575	258	-	-	37,783
Trabzon Sanjak	595,853	116,357	36,149	8	1,338	749,705
Lazistan (Rize)	122,055	1,507	5	-	-	123,567
Atina	50,297	171	28	-	-	50,496
Hopa	38,156	44	2	-	-	38,202

Lazistan sanjak	210,508	1,722	35	-	-	212,265
Gümüşhane	29,639	9,179	1,817	-	-	40,635
Şiran	29,686	30,547	24	-	-	60,257
Torul	22,312	3,155	392	-	-	25,859
Kelkit	33,130	614	482	-	-	34,226
Gümüşhane sanjak	114,767	43,495	2,715	-	-	160,977
Canik (Samsun)	44,992	54,709	4,791	18	533	105,044
Ünye	58,351	5,251	5,861	9	-	69,472
Bafra	48,944	30.838	1,735		-	81,517
Fatsa	35,678	3,026	1,250	-	385	40,339
Çarşamba	54,353	3,948	10,820	-	609	69,730
Terme	23,632	967	2,601	-	-	27,200
Canik sanjak	265,950	98,739	27,319	27	1,267	393,302
Total	1,187,078	260,313	66,218	35	2,605	1,516,249
Note: Included in the 66,218 Armenians are 64,607 Apostolics and 1,611 Catholics.

Administrative divisions

The vilayet included three sanjaks (four after 1889)^[9] and 22 kazas.^[10] Sanjaks of the Vilayet:

Trabzon Sanjak (Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Tirebolu, Görele, Vakfıkebir, Sürmene, Of, Akçaabat, Maçka)
Gümüşhane Sanjak (Gümüşhane, Kelkit, Şiran, Torul)
Lazistan Sanjak (Its center was Batumi at first until 1878, later Rize after 1878) (Rize, Atina, Artvin; Sometimes included Of as well)
Canik Sanjak (Its center was Samsun after 1889) (Samsun, Bafra, Ünye, Fatsa, Çarşamba, Terme)

References

^ ^a ^b Geographical Dictionary of the World, p. 1854, at Google Books
^ "1914 Census Statistics" (PDF). Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
^ ^a ^b Asia by A. H. Keane, page 459
^ Gündüz Ali, Hemşinliler, Dil-Tarih-Kültür, Ardanuj Kültür Yardımlaşma Derneği, Yayın No: 2, Ankara, 2002, s. 61.
^ Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977). Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire, 1860-1908. Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 48. ISBN 9781138492073.
^ Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977), p. 49
^ Lowry, Heath (2009). Islamization and Turkification of City of Trabzon.
^ Karpat, Kemal (1985). Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 180–184. ISBN 9780299091606.
^ Yurt Ansiklopedisi, Rize, s. 6365.
^ Yüksel A., Doğu Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2005, s.

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[geodict-1] Geographical Dictionary of the World, p. 1854, at Google Books

[1914-census-2] "1914 Census Statistics" (PDF). Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.

[asia-3] Asia by A. H. Keane, page 459

[4] Gündüz Ali, Hemşinliler, Dil-Tarih-Kültür, Ardanuj Kültür Yardımlaşma Derneği, Yayın No: 2, Ankara, 2002, s. 61.

[5] Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977). Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire, 1860-1908. Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 48. ISBN 9781138492073.

[6] Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977), p. 49

[7] Lowry, Heath (2009). Islamization and Turkification of City of Trabzon.

[8] Karpat, Kemal (1985). Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 180–184. ISBN 9780299091606.

[9] Yurt Ansiklopedisi, Rize, s. 6365.

[10] Yüksel A., Doğu Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2005, s.

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