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Diyarbekir Eyalet

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Diyarbakir Province (disambiguation).
Arabic: إيالة ديار بكر
Eyālet-i Diyār-i Bekr
Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire
1515–1846

The Diyâr-ı Bekr Eyalet in 1609
CapitalAmid (modern Diyarbakır)
History 
• Established
November 4, 1515[1] 1515
• Disestablished
1846
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Safavid Diyarbakr
Kurdistan Eyalet
Diyâr-ı Bekr Vilayet

The Eyalet of Diyarbekir (Arabic: إيالة ديار بكر; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت دیاربكر, romanized: Eyālet-i Diyār-i Bekr)[2] was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was 20,332 square miles (52,660 km2),[3] slightly larger than the original Abbasid province in Upper Mesopotamia. In 1846 it was succeeded by the Kurdistan Eyalet.[4]

Government

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The 17th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi reported on the organization of the eyalet: "In this province there are nineteen sanjaks and five hakumets (or hereditary governments) [...] eight [sanjaks] were at the time of the conquest conferred on Kurdish begs with the patent of family inheritance for ever. Like other sanjaks they are divided into ziamets and timars, the possessors of which are obliged to serve in the field; but if they do not, the ziamet or timar may be transferred to a son or relation, but not to a stranger.

The hakumets have neither ziamets nor timars. Their governors exercise full authority, and receive not only the land revenues, but also all the other taxes which in the sanjaks are paid to the possessor of the ziamet or timar, such as the taxes for pasturage, marriages, horses, vineyards, and orchards. [...]

The officers of the divan of Diarbeker are the defterdar of the treasury with a ruz-namji (journal writer); a defterdar of the feudal forces an inspector (emin), and a lieutenant kehiya of the defter, and another for the chavushes; a secretary (katib), a colonel, and a lieutenant colonel of the militia".[5]

History

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After Reşid Mehmet Pasha assumed as Wāli in 1834, he led military campaigns against the local Kurdish tribes of the Garzan, Bedir Khan and Milli as well as the Yazidi in Sinjar. In 1835 he also subdued the Milli tribe in Mardin[6] and in 1836, he defeated the ruler from the Emirate of Soran.[6] After his death in 1836, his successor was Hafiz Mehmet Pasha who continued to subdue the Kurdish tribes and the Yazidi in Sincar.[6] In the 1840s, the Eyalet ceded the Sanjak of Cizre, which before was part of the Emirate of Bohtan in the Diyarbekır Eyalet, to the Mosul Eyalet, which led to a Kurdish revolt led by Bedir Khan Beg.[7]

Administrative divisions

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Sanjaks between 1515-1526[8]
  1. Sanjak of Amid
  2. Sanjak of Mardin
  3. Sanjak of Sincar
  4. Sanjak of Birecik
  5. Sanjak of Ruha
  6. Sanjak of Siverek
  7. Sanjak of Çermik
  8. Sanjak of Ergani
  9. Sanjak of Harput
  10. Sanjak of Arabgir
  11. Sanjak of Kiğı
  12. Sanjak of Çemişkezek
Sanjaks between 1526-1560[8]
  1. Sanjak of Amid
  2. Sanjak of Mardin
  3. Sanjak of Sincar
  4. Sanjak of Ruha
  5. Sanjak of Siverek
  6. Sanjak of Çermik
  7. Sanjak of Ergani
  8. Sanjak of Harput
  9. Sanjak of Arabgir
  10. Sanjak of Kiğı
  11. Sanjak of Çemişkezek
  12. Sanjak of Musul
  13. Sanjak of Hit
  14. Sanjak of Deyr
  15. Sanjak of Rahbe
  16. Sanjak of Ane
Sanjaks after 1560[8]
  1. Sanjak of Amid
  2. Sanjak of Sincar
  3. Sanjak of Ruha
  4. Sanjak of Siverek
  5. Sanjak of Çermik
  6. Sanjak of Ergani
  7. Sanjak of Harput
  8. Sanjak of Arabgir
  9. Sanjak of Kiğı
  10. Sanjak of Çemişkezek
  11. Sanjak of Musul
  12. Sanjak of Hit
  13. Sanjak of Deyr
  14. Sanjak of Rahbe
  15. Sanjak of Ane

Sanjaks in the 17th century:[5]

  • Non-Hereditary Sanjaks
  1. Sanjak of Harput
  2. Sanjak of Ergani
  3. Sanjak of Siverek
  4. Sanjak of Nusaybin
  5. Sanjak of Hasankeyf
  6. Sanjak of Meyyafarikin
  7. Sanjak of Akçakale
  8. Sanjak of Habur
  9. Sanjak of Sincar
  • Hereditary Sanjaks
  1. Sanjak of Sağman
  2. Sanjak of Kulb
  3. Sanjak of Mehrasi
  4. Sanjak of Atak
  5. Sanjak of Pertek
  6. Sanjak of Çapakçur
  7. Sanjak of Çermik
  8. Sanjak of Tercil
  • Independent Governments (Hükümetis)
  1. Government of Cezire
  2. Government of Eğil
  3. Government of Genç
  4. Government of Palu
  5. Government of Hazzo


Sanjaks between 1673 and 1702[9]
  1. Sanjak of Amid
  2. Government (Hükümeti) of Hazzo
  3. Government (Hükümeti) of Cezire
  4. Government (Hükümeti) of Eğil
  5. Government (Hükümeti) of Tercil
  6. Government (Hükümeti) of Palu
  7. Government (Hükümeti) of Genç
  8. Sanjak of Çermik
  9. Sanjak of Hancûk
  10. Sanjak of Pertek
  11. Sanjak of Hısn-ı Keyfâ
  12. Sanjak of Manazgird
  13. Sanjak of Çemişgezek
  14. Sanjak of Harput
  15. Sanjak of Siverek
  16. Sanjak of Kulb
  17. Sanjak of Sağman
  18. Sanjak of Ağca Kale
  19. Sanjak of Dasini
  20. Sanjak of Sincar
Sanjaks between 1735 and 1740[9]
  1. Sanjak of Amid
  2. Government (Hükümeti) of Hazzo
  3. Government (Hükümeti) of Cezire
  4. Government (Hükümeti) of Eğil
  5. Government (Hükümeti) of Tercil
  6. Government (Hükümeti) of Palu
  7. Government (Hükümeti) of Genç
  8. Sanjak of Çermik
  9. Sanjak of Hısn-ı Keyfâ
  10. Sanjak of Kulb
  11. Sanjak of Mihrani (in today Hazro District)
  12. Sanjak of Sincar
  13. Sanjak of Siverek
  14. Sanjak of Atak


See also

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References

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  1. ^ II. Uluslar Arası Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Diyarbakır Sempozyumu[permanent dead link‍] (Türkçe). Diyarbakır Valiliği ve TOBB ETÜ Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi. II. International Symposium on the Ottoman Empire Republic of Diyarbakir TOBB ETU Diyarbakir Governor's Office and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
  2. ^ "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
  3. ^ The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6, p. 698, at Google Books
  4. ^ Aydın, Suavi; Verheij, Jelle (2012). Jorngerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (eds.). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill. p. 18. ISBN 9789004225183.
  5. ^ a b Narrative of travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the ..., Volume 1, p. 94, at Google Books By Evliya Çelebi, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall
  6. ^ a b c Aydın, Suavi; Verheij, Jelle (2012). Jorngerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (eds.). Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915. Brill. pp. 31–32. ISBN 9789004225183.
  7. ^ Özoğlu, Hakan (2004). Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. SUNY Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7914-5993-5.
  8. ^ a b c Yılmaz Öztuna "Başlangıcından zamanımıza kadar Büyük Türkiye tarihi" cilt 13, sf. 279, Ötüken Yayınevi (1977).
  9. ^ a b Kılıç, Orhan (1997). 18. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin İdari Taksimatı-Eyalet ve Sancak Tevcihatı / In the First half of the 18th Century Administrative Divisions of the Ottoman Empire-Shire and Sanjak Assignments (in Turkish). Elazığ: Şark Pazarlama. p. 62. ISBN 9759630907.

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