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==History==
==History==
Victoria's Secret was started in [[San Francisco]], [[California]], in 1977 by [[Tufts University]] and [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]] alumnus [[Roy Raymond (businessman)|Roy Raymond]],<ref name="nytimes">[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFD9123CF931A3575AC0A965958260 Roy Raymond, 47; Began Victoria's Secret] [[New York Times]], September 2, 1993. Retrieved 2010-09-27. His California death record (see [[Roy Raymond (businessman)|Roy Raymond]] article) shows that he was born in 1947 and died at age 46. This obituary likely mixed up his birth year and age, as no date of birth is listed in the article.</ref> who felt embarrassed trying to purchase lingerie for his wife in a [[department store]] environment. He opened the first store at [[Stanford Shopping Center]] in Palo Alto, and quickly followed it with a [[mail-order]] catalog and three other stores.<ref name="nytimes"/> The stores were meant to create a comfortable environment for men, with wood-paneled walls, Victorian details and helpful sales staff. Instead of racks of bras and panties in every size, there were single styles, paired together and mounted on the wall in frames. Men could browse for styles for women and sales staff would help estimate the appropriate size, pulling from inventory in the back rooms.
TITTIESS Victoria's Secret was started in [[San Francisco]], [[California]], in 1977 by [[Tufts University]] and [[Stanford Graduate School of Business]] alumnus [[Roy Raymond (businessman)|Roy Raymond]],<ref name="nytimes">[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFD9123CF931A3575AC0A965958260 Roy Raymond, 47; Began Victoria's Secret] [[New York Times]], September 2, 1993. Retrieved 2010-09-27. His California death record (see [[Roy Raymond (businessman)|Roy Raymond]] article) shows that he was born in 1947 and died at age 46. This obituary likely mixed up his birth year and age, as no date of birth is listed in the article.</ref> who felt embarrassed trying to purchase lingerie for his wife in a [[department store]] environment. He opened the first store at [[Stanford Shopping Center]] in Palo Alto, and quickly followed it with a [[mail-order]] catalog and three other stores.<ref name="nytimes"/> The stores were meant to create a comfortable environment for men, with wood-paneled walls, Victorian details and helpful sales staff. Instead of racks of bras and panties in every size, there were single styles, paired together and mounted on the wall in frames. Men could browse for styles for women and sales staff would help estimate the appropriate size, pulling from inventory in the back rooms.


In 1982, after five years of operation, Roy Raymond sold the Victoria's Secret company, with its six stores and 42-page catalogue, grossing $6 million per year, to [[Leslie Wexner]], creator of [[The Limited]], for $4 million.<ref name=McGinn>McGinn, Dan. [http://www.mbajungle.com/magazine.cfm?INC=inc_article.cfm&artid=1303&template=1&date=Feb2001 Case Study: Victoria's Secrets], ''Jungle Magazine'', 1 Feb. 2001</ref> The Limited kept the personalized image of Victoria's Secret intact. Victoria's Secret was rapidly expanded into the U.S. malls throughout the 1980s. The company was able to vend a widened range of products, such as shoes, evening wear, and perfumes, with its mail catalog issued eight times annually. By the early 1990s, Victoria's Secret had become the largest American lingerie retailer, topping one billion dollars.
In 1982, after five years of operation, Roy Raymond sold the Victoria's Secret company, with its six stores and 42-page catalogue, grossing $6 million per year, to [[Leslie Wexner]], creator of [[The Limited]], for $4 million.<ref name=McGinn>McGinn, Dan. [http://www.mbajungle.com/magazine.cfm?INC=inc_article.cfm&artid=1303&template=1&date=Feb2001 Case Study: Victoria's Secrets], ''Jungle Magazine'', 1 Feb. 2001</ref> The Limited kept the personalized image of Victoria's Secret intact. Victoria's Secret was rapidly expanded into the U.S. malls throughout the 1980s. The company was able to vend a widened range of products, such as shoes, evening wear, and perfumes, with its mail catalog issued eight times annually. By the early 1990s, Victoria's Secret had become the largest American lingerie retailer, topping one billion dollars.
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===International expansion===
===International expansion===
'''''Bold text''PICKLESSSSSSS HII'''Victoria's Secret opened their first stores outside the United States in three Canadian cities: [[Edmonton]] in August 2010, [[Toronto]] in September 2010 and [[Calgary]] in May 2011. Edmonton and Calgary have the only three locations in [[Western Canada]], which includes the [[West Edmonton Mall]], [[Kingsway Mall]], and [[Chinook Centre]], while seven locations were opened in Toronto, including [[Yorkdale Shopping Centre]], [[Toronto Eaton Centre]], and the [[Square One Shopping Centre]] in [[Mississauga]] which holds the largest store in Canada. Victoria Secret also opened outside North America with its first stores in [[Kuwait]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. In 2012 Victoria's Secret will open their first location in the United Kingdom with a {{convert|16500|sqft|m2|adj=on}} flagship store on [[Bond Street]], [[London]].<ref>[http://www.retail-week.com/property/victorias-secret-confirms-first-uk-store-on-new-bond-street/5014352.article Retail-week.com]</ref>
'''''Bold text''PICKLESSSSSSS HII'''Victoria's Secret opened their first stores outside the United States in three Canadian cities: [[Edmonton]] in August 2010, [[Toronto]] in September 2010 and [[Calgary]] in May 2011. Edmonton and Calgary have the only three locations in [[Western Canada]], which includes the [[West Edmonton Mall]], [[Kingsway Mall]], and [[Chinook Centre]], while seven locations were opened in Toronto, including [[Yorkdale Shopping Centre]], [[Toronto Eaton Centre]], and the [[Square One Shopping Centre]] in [[Mississauga]] which holds the largest store in Canada. Victoria Secret also opened outside North America with its first stores in [[Kuwait]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]]. In 2012 Victoria's Secret will open their first location in the United Kingdom with a {{convert|16500|sqft|m2|adj=on}} flagship store on [[Bond Street]], [[London]].<ref>[http://www.retail-week.com/property/victorias-secret-confirms-first-uk-store-on-new-bond-street/5014352.article Retail-week.com]</ref>
''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text'''''''''Bold text''''''Bold text'''''''''''''''


==Victoria's Secret Angels==
==Victoria's Secret Angels==

Revision as of 02:06, 20 May 2011

For the Sonata Arctica single, see Victoria's Secret (song).
Victoria's Secret
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryApparel
Founded1977
HeadquartersColumbus, Ohio, USA
Key people
CEO of Victoria's Secret Stores: Lori Greeley[1] CEO of Victoria's Secret Megabrand and Intimate Apparel: Sharen Jester Turney
ProductsBras, panties, sleepwear, hosiery, women's clothing, lingerie, fragrances and beauty products
Revenue$5,604 million (FY 2009)[1]
ParentLimited Brands
Websitevictoriassecret.com

Victoria's Secret is an American retailer of women's wear, lingerie and beauty products.[2] It is the largest segment of publicly-traded Limited Brands with sales of over US$5 billion and an operating income of $1 billion in 2006.[2] Victoria's Secret is known for its annual fashion show, the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, and for its catalogs, both of which feature top fashion models.

History

TITTIESS Victoria's Secret was started in San Francisco, California, in 1977 by Tufts University and Stanford Graduate School of Business alumnus Roy Raymond,[3] who felt embarrassed trying to purchase lingerie for his wife in a department store environment. He opened the first store at Stanford Shopping Center in Palo Alto, and quickly followed it with a mail-order catalog and three other stores.[3] The stores were meant to create a comfortable environment for men, with wood-paneled walls, Victorian details and helpful sales staff. Instead of racks of bras and panties in every size, there were single styles, paired together and mounted on the wall in frames. Men could browse for styles for women and sales staff would help estimate the appropriate size, pulling from inventory in the back rooms.

In 1982, after five years of operation, Roy Raymond sold the Victoria's Secret company, with its six stores and 42-page catalogue, grossing $6 million per year, to Leslie Wexner, creator of The Limited, for $4 million.[4] The Limited kept the personalized image of Victoria's Secret intact. Victoria's Secret was rapidly expanded into the U.S. malls throughout the 1980s. The company was able to vend a widened range of products, such as shoes, evening wear, and perfumes, with its mail catalog issued eight times annually. By the early 1990s, Victoria's Secret had become the largest American lingerie retailer, topping one billion dollars.

File:Victoria's Secret Briarwood.JPG
Victoria's Secret at Briarwood Mall in
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Beginning in 1995, Victoria's Secret began holding the annual Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, which is broadcasted primetime on American television. The show is a lavish event with elaborate costumed lingerie, varying music, and set design according to the different themes running within the show. The show attracts hundreds of celebrities and entertainers, with special performers and/or acts every year.

On July 10, 2007, Limited Brands sold 75% of The Limited clothing chain to firm Sun Capital Partners to focus and boost sales growth on Victoria's Secret lingerie stores and Bath & Body Works units, which provided 72% of revenue in 2006 and almost all the firm's profit.[5] There are 1,000 Victoria's Secret lingerie stores and 100 independent Victoria's Secret Beauty Stores in the US, mostly in shopping centers. It sells brassieres, panties, hosiery, cosmetics, sleepwear, and other products. Victoria's Secret mails more than 400 million of its catalogs per year.[1] Under pressure from environmentalist groups, Victoria's Secret's parent firm and a conservation group have reached an agreement to make the lingerie retailer's catalog more environmentally friendly in 2006. The catalog will no longer be made of pulp supplied from any woodland caribou habitat range in Canada, unless it has been certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. The catalogs will also be made of 10 percent recycled paper from post-consumer waste.[6]

The company gained notoriety in the early 1990s after it began to use supermodels in its advertising and fashion shows. Throughout the past decade, it has turned down celebrity models and endorsements.[7]

International expansion

Bold textPICKLESSSSSSS HIIVictoria's Secret opened their first stores outside the United States in three Canadian cities: Edmonton in August 2010, Toronto in September 2010 and Calgary in May 2011. Edmonton and Calgary have the only three locations in Western Canada, which includes the West Edmonton Mall, Kingsway Mall, and Chinook Centre, while seven locations were opened in Toronto, including Yorkdale Shopping Centre, Toronto Eaton Centre, and the Square One Shopping Centre in Mississauga which holds the largest store in Canada. Victoria Secret also opened outside North America with its first stores in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. In 2012 Victoria's Secret will open their first location in the United Kingdom with a 16,500-square-foot (1,530 m2) flagship store on Bond Street, London.[8] 'Bold text''''Bold text''''Bold text''''Bold text'Bold text''''''''''

Victoria's Secret Angels

Although it now refers to the brand's most visible spokeswomen (while the fashion show models are referred to as "Runway Angels"), the Angels started out as Victoria's Secret's lingerie line.[9] The models featured in the original advertising campaign in 1997 were Helena Christensen, Karen Mulder, Daniela Pestova, Stephanie Seymour, and Tyra Banks.[10] Due to their growing popularity, the brand used them in several other advertising campaigns until Christensen's departure.[9][11] In February 1998, the Angels made their runway debut at Victoria's Secret's 4th annual fashion show, with Chandra North filling in for Christensen.[11] Their line-up has been changed multiple times over the years and the brand currently lists 13 supermodels on its website, including Heidi Klum and Marisa Miller.[12] Among other recognitions, the Victoria's Secret Angels were chosen to be part of People Magazine's annual "100 Most Beautiful People in the World" issue in 2007[13] and became the first trademark awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on November 13, 2007.[14]

Other notable spokesmodels for the brand have included: Claudia Schiffer,[15] Eva Herzigova,[11] Ana Hickmann,[16] Oluchi Onweagba,[17] Jessica Stam,[18] Emanuela de Paula,[19] and Katsia Zingarevich.[20] Both Ana Beatriz Barros[21] and Daria Werbowy[22] are known to have turned down an Angel contract.

Current Victoria's Secret Angels from left Adriana Lima, Alessandra Ambrosio, Miranda Kerr, Doutzen Kroes, Behati Prinsloo, Candice Swanepoel, Lindsay Ellingson, Erin Heatherton, and Chanel Iman (Lily Aldridge and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley not pictured)
Nationality
 Name
 Contract
 First hiring
 Runway shows
 Notes
United States United States Stephanie Seymour 1997-2000[10] 1990[23] 1995-2000 1995 Fashion Show host
Denmark Denmark Helena Christensen 1997-1998[10][11] 1996[24] 1996-1997
Netherlands Netherlands Karen Mulder 1997-2000[10] 1992[25] 1998-2000
Czech Republic Czech Republic Daniela Peštová 1997-2002[10] 1996[26] 1998-2001
United States United States Tyra Banks 1997-2005[10][27] 1996 1996-2005
Argentina Argentina Inés Rivero 1998[28] 1998 1998-2001
France France Laetitia Casta 1998-2000[28] 1997 1997-2000
GermanyGermany
United States United States[29] 		Heidi Klum 1999–2010[30][31] 1997 1997-2009 (host only in 2006) Fashion Show host 2002, 2006-2009
Brazil Brazil Gisele Bundchen 2000-2007[32] 1999 1999-2006
Brazil Brazil Adriana Lima 2000- 1999[33] 1999-2008, 2010-
Brazil Brazil Alessandra Ambrosio 2004-[34] 2000 2000- PINK spokesmodel: 2004-2006[35]
Czech Republic Czech Republic Karolína Kurková 2005-2008[36][37] 2000 2000-2008, 2010-
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Selita Ebanks 2005-2008[38][39] 2004 2005-
Brazil Brazil Izabel Goulart 2005-2008[38] 2004 2005- Not credited as an Angel in the 2008 Fashion Show
United States United States Marisa Miller 2007-2010[40][41] 2002[42] 2007-2009
Australia Australia Miranda Kerr 2007-[43] 2005[44] 2006-2009 PINK spokesmodel: 2006-2008[45][46]
Netherlands Netherlands Doutzen Kroes 2008-[7] 2004 2005-2006, 2008-2009,
Namibia Namibia Behati Prinsloo 2009-[47] 2007 2007- PINK spokesmodel: 2008-[48]
United Kingdom United Kingdom Rosie Huntington-Whiteley 2010-[31] 2006 2006- Credited at the 2009 Fashion Show. PINK Spokesmodel 2006-2007[49][50]
South Africa South Africa Candice Swanepoel 2010-[31] 2007 2007- Credited at the 2009 Fashion Show. PINK Spokesmodel 2010-[51]
United States United States Erin Heatherton 2010-[31] 2008 2008- Credited at the 2009 Fashion Show. PINK spokesmodel:2010-[52]
United States United States Chanel Iman 2010-[31] 2008[53] 2009-
United States United States Lily Aldridge 2010-[54] 2008 2009-
United States United States Lindsay Ellingson 2011-[55] 2006 2007- Credited at the 2009 Fashion Show.

Note: Most Angels started working with the company years prior to signing an Angel contract. Listed above are the dates of first published or aired campaigns or, by default, first runway show or event.

PINK

Founded in 2004 and marketed towards late-teen and college-age women, sub-brand PINK sells age-appropriate underwear, sleepwear, lounge wear, beauty products, and accessories, with the intent to transition buyers into more adult product lines, such as Angels, Very Sexy, and Body by Victoria.[56] Ambrosio, Kerr, and Prinsloo have all been official faces of PINK. Other models, such as Jessica Stam, Rosie Huntington-Whiteley,[57] Erin Heatherton,[58] Chanel Iman,[58] and Candice Swanepoel[59] have been taking part in events for the brand.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Yahoo! Finance company profile. biz.yahoo.com. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
  2. ^ a b "Limited Brands 2006 Annual Report". Retrieved 21 April 2007.
  3. ^ a b Roy Raymond, 47; Began Victoria's Secret New York Times, September 2, 1993. Retrieved 2010-09-27. His California death record (see Roy Raymond article) shows that he was born in 1947 and died at age 46. This obituary likely mixed up his birth year and age, as no date of birth is listed in the article.
  4. ^ McGinn, Dan. Case Study: Victoria's Secrets, Jungle Magazine, 1 Feb. 2001
  5. ^ 'All or nothing' for Victoria's Secret brand. TheStar.com. July 10, 2007. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  6. ^ Victoria's Secret catalog no longer in pulp friction. CBC.ca. Retrieved September 20, 2007.
  7. ^ a b The World's Top-Earning Models Forbes. Retrieved on 2007-06-16. Cite error: The named reference "forbes" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ Retail-week.com
  9. ^ a b "Victoria's Secret Video - Where do Angels Come From?". CBS.com. 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Herb Ritts". Herb Ritts. 1981-11-19. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  11. ^ a b c d E!TV Victoria's Secret Special 1998
  12. ^ Current Supermodel Listing
  13. ^ "The Models of Victoria's Secret," People. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
  14. ^ Victoria's Secret angels on Walk of Fame[dead link‍] source: Mainichi Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
  15. ^ "Forbes Thought Of The Day". Forbes.
  16. ^
  17. ^ Marsh, Lisa (February 11, 2004). "Show Buzz". New York Post.
  18. ^ "No hiding it". New York Post. December 12, 2010.
  19. ^ "Victoria's Secret Models Talk Body Shapes, Babies, And Brazilian Women (VIDEO)". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  20. ^ Lingerieweapon.com
  21. ^ Bgfashion.net
  22. ^ Theimagist.com
  23. ^ Thefashionspot.com
  24. ^ Nymag.com
  25. ^ Nymag.com
  26. ^ Nymag.com
  27. ^ CBS Specials: Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2005 source:CBS.com. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
  28. ^ a b Lambocars.com
  29. ^ Heidi Klum Becomes a Citizen For Her Children, People Magazine, 9 March 2009
  30. ^ Askmen.com
  31. ^ a b c d e "Heidi Klum quitting Victoria's Secret". New York Post. September 30, 2010.
  32. ^ Dailyfrontrow.com
  33. ^ New York Magazine: Adriana Lima profile
  34. ^ Palmbeachpost.com accessed 2007-06-13.
  35. ^ MSN.com
  36. ^ Askmen.com
  37. ^ Kurkova looses contract
  38. ^ a b Thefutoncritic.com
  39. ^ Blackbookmag.com
  40. ^ "Marisa Miller out at Victoria's Secret". New York Post. January 20, 2010.
  41. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Marisa Miller Hangs Up Wings, Focuses on the Troops". Fox News. November 11, 2010.
  42. ^ Huffingtonpost.com
  43. ^ News.rin.ru
  44. ^ Cardace, Sara (November 26, 2008). "Supermodel Miranda Kerr". New York Post.
  45. ^ 2006 Angel-Cam Featurette
  46. ^ Zimbio.com
  47. ^ Backstage with fashionair at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2009
  48. ^ Celebritybrands.net
  49. ^ 2006 Fashion Show Angel Cam featurette
  50. ^ Nymag.com
  51. ^ Life.com
  52. ^ Hollywoodlife.com
  53. ^ Nymag.com
  54. ^ CBSnews.com
  55. ^ NBCmiami.com
  56. ^ LTD 2009 Annual Report p.56
  57. ^ Nymag.com
  58. ^ a b Racked.com
  59. ^ Lingerietalk.com
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